20110127 eurocodes egypt work frank ec7
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 1/34
Organised with the support of the Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality
Harmonized European standards forconstruction in Egypt
Eurocode 7 ‘Geotechnical design’
Roger FrankProfessor, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 2/34
2
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
1. Introduction
2. Contents of Eurocode 7 - Parts 1 & 23. Some aspects of Eurocode 7-1
Characteristic values
ULS Design Approaches
SLS – Serviceability limit states
4. Liaisons. Associated standards
Outline
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 3/34
3
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
EN 1990EN 1990
EN 1991EN 1991
EN 1992EN 1992 EN 1993EN 1993 EN 1994EN 1994
EN 1995EN 1995 EN 1996EN 1996 EN 1999EN 1999
StructuralStructural safetysafety,,serviceabilityserviceability andand
durabilitydurability
Actions onActions on
structuresstructures
Design andDesign and
detailingdetailing
EN 1997EN 1997 EN 1998EN 1998 GeotechnicalGeotechnical
andand seismicseismic
designdesign
STRUCTURAL EUROCODES
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 4/34
4
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
•• EN 1997EN 1997--1 (2004) :1 (2004) : GeneralGeneral rulesrules
•• EN 1997EN 1997--2 (2007) :2 (2007) : GroundGround investigationinvestigationandand testingtesting
Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 5/34
5
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
2. Contents of Eurocode 7 –
Parts 1 & 2
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 6/34
6
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Contents of Part 1 (EN 1997-1)• Section 1 General
• Section 2 Basis of geotechnicaldesign
• Section 3 Geotechnical data
• Section 4 Supervision ofconstruction, monitoring andmaintenance
• Section 5 Fill, dewatering, groundimprovement and reinforcement
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 7/34
7
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
• Section 6 Spread foundations
• Section 7 Pile foundations
• Section 8 Anchorages
• Section 9 Retaining structures
• Section 10 Hydraulic failure
• Section 11 Site stability
• Section 12 Embankments
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 8/34
8
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Informative annexes
Annexes D & E : Bearing capacity offoundations
R /A' = c ' ×××× N c ×××× b c ×××× s c ×××× i c +
q ' ×××× N q ×××× b q ×××× s q ×××× i q +
0,5 ×××× γ γγ γ ' ×××× B '×××× N γ γγ γ ×××× b γ γγ γ ×××× s γ γγ γ ×××× i γ γγ γ
R /A' = σ σσ σ v0 + k ×××× p* le
Annex CActiveearthpressure
Annexe C – Passive earthpressure
Annexe F : Settlement of foundations
s = p ×××× b ×××× f / E m
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 9/34
9
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Contents of Part 2 (EN 1997-2)• Section 1 General
• Section 2 Planning and reporting of ground investigations
• Section 3 Drilling, sampling and gwmeasurements
• Section 4 Field tests in soils androcks
• Section 5 Laboratory tests on soilsand rocks
• Section 6 Ground investigation report
> Also a number of Informative annexesInformative annexes
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 10/34
10
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Clauses on :
CPT(U), PMT, FDT, SPT, DP, WST, FVT, DMT, PLT
Objectives, specific requirements, evaluation of testresults, use of test results and derived values
Annexes with examples on use of results and derivedvalues for geotechnical design
EN 1997- 2Field tests in soils and rocks (Section 4)
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 11/34
11
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
preparation of soil specimens for testing
preparation of rock specimens for testing
tests for classification, identification and description of soils chemical testing of soils and groundwater
strength index testing of soils
strength testing of soils
compressibility and deformation testing of soils
compaction testing of soils
permeability testing of soils
tests for classification of rocks swelling testing of rock material
strength testing of rock material
EN 1997- 2Lab. tests on soils and rocks (Section 5)
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 12/34
12
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Results of test standards (EN 1997-2 Annex A)
Test resultsField test
Soils: w ; ρ ; ρs ; grain size distribution curve ; wP , wL ; emax , emin , ID ; COM ; CCaCO3 ; CSO42-, CSO3
2- ; Ccl ; pH ;compressibility, consolidation, creep curves, Eoed, σ’p or Cs, Cc, σ’p, Cα ; cu (lab vane) ; cu (fall cone) ; qu ; cu (UU) ;σ-ε and u curves, σ−paths, Mohr circles ; c’, ϕ’ or cu, cu=f(σ’c), E’ or Eu ; σ-u curve, τ-σ diagram, c’, ϕ’, residualparameters ; ICBR ; k (direct lab, field or oedometer)
Rocks: w ; ρ and n ; swelling results ; σc, E and ν ; Is50 ; σ-u curve, Mohr diagram, c’, ϕ’, res par ; σT ; σ-ε curve,σ−paths, Mohr circles ; c’, ϕ’, E and ν
Laboratory tests
P0 , p1 , EDMT , IDMT , KDMT (DMT)Flta dilatometer test
puPlate loading test
continuous record of penetration depth or NbWeight sounding test (WST)
cfv , crv , torque-rotation curveField vane test (FVT)
EFDT, deformation curveFlexible dilatometer (FDT)EM ,,pf , plM (MPM); expansion curve (all)Pressuremeters (PMT)
N , Er (SPT), soil descriptionSPT
N10 (DPL, DPM, DPH); N10 or N20 (DPSH)Dynamic probing
qc , fs , Rf (CPT) / qt , fs , u (CPTU)CPT/CPTU
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 13/34
13
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Type of test
F= field L= laboratory
Correlations
Test results andderived values
1 2 3 4
F 1 F 2 L 1 L 2
C1 C2
Cautious selection
Geotechnical model and characteristicvalue of geotechnical properties
Design values of geotechnicalproperties
Application of
partial factors
Information
from other
sources on
the site, the
soils and
rocks and
the projectEN 1997 -1
EN 1997 -2
Geotechnical properties
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 14/34
14
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
3. Some aspects of Eurocode 7-1
CharacteristicCharacteristic valuesvalues
and design valuesand design values
ULS DesignULS Design ApproachesApproaches
SLS andSLS and deformationsdeformations of structuresof structures
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 15/34
15
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Characteristic valueof geotechnical parameters
P Thecharacteristic valuecharacteristic valuecharacteristic valuecharacteristic valuecharacteristic valuecharacteristic valuecharacteristic valuecharacteristic value
of a geotechnical parameter shallbe selected as a cautious estimate of the value affectingthe occurrence of the limit state.
If statistical methods are used, the characteristic valueshould be derived such that the calculated probability of aworse value governing the occurrence of the limit stateunder consideration is not greater than 5%.
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 16/34
16
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Design value of a parameter : Xd = Xk / γ M
Design values of actions andDesign values of actions and resistancesresistances
fulfilling for STR/GEO ULS : Ed ≤ Rd
Ed = E {γ F.Fk } and Rd = R { Xk / γ M }
(= “at the source”)or Ed = γ E.E { Fk } and Rd = R { Xk } / γ R
Design values of geotechnical parameters
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 17/34
17
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Ultimate limit statesUltimate limit states – – EurocodeEurocode 77--11EQU : loss of equilibrium of the structure
STR : internal failure or excessive deformationof the structure or structural elements
GEO : failure or excessive deformation of theground
UPL : loss of equilibrium due to uplift by water pressure (buoyancy) or other vertical actions
HYD : hydraulic heave, internal erosion and
piping caused by hydraulic gradients
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 18/34
18
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
EN1990EN1990 -- UltimateUltimate limitlimit statesstates
EQU and STR/GEOEQU and STR/GEO
J.A CalgaroEEdd<< RRdd
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 19/34
19
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
STR/GEO : ULS - persistent and transient situations
1,500
1,351,00
Set A1
γ Qγ Q
γ Gγ G
Symbol
VariableUnfavourableFavourable
PermanentUnfavourableFavourable
Action (γ F)
1,300
1,001,00
Set A2
1,251,00γ c’Effective cohesion
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
Set M1
1,25γ ϕ’Angle of shearing resistance
1,40γ cuUndrained shear strength
γ γ
γ qu
Symbol
1,00Weight density
1,40Unconfined strength
Set M2Soil parameter (γ M )
A2 “+” M2 “+” R1
Or A2 “+” M1 or M2“+” R4
A1 “+” M1 “+” R1&1
A1 “+” M1 “+” R22
A1 or A2 “+” M2 “+” R3
Combinations
3
Appro-aches
1,1
1,4
Set R2
1,001,00γ RhSliding
1,00
Set R1
1,00γ RvBearing capacity
Symbol Set R3Resistance (γ R )
γ R for Spreadfoundations
EEdd<< RRdd
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 20/34
20
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Ultimate limit states (UPL)
Anchorage
W
T
Anchored structure
W
u
Former ground surface
Sand
Clay
Gravel
Clay
Sand
Clay
Gravel
b
bottom of an excavation
Sand
SandSand
Injected sand
u
Watertightsurface
slab below water level
W T T
u
Watertightsurface
b buried hollow structure
u
σ v
Watertight surface lightweight
embankment during flood
Gdst;d + Qdst;d ≤≤≤≤ Gstb;d + RdExamples of situations where
uplift might be critical
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 21/34
21
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Ultimate limit states (HYD)
Sand
WaterHeave dueto
seepageof water
Permeablesubsoil
piezometric level inthe permeable
subsoil
lowpermeabilitysoil
Piping
udst;d ≤≤≤≤ σσσσstb;d
∆∆∆∆udst;d ≤≤≤≤ σσσσ´stb;d
Example of situation where heave or piping might be critical
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 22/34
22
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Accidental situations
Actions : all values ofActions : all values of γ γ FF (and(and γ γ MM) = 1.0) = 1.0
Resistances :Resistances :
all values ofall values of γ γ RR (and(and γ γ MM)) dependdepend
on theon the particularparticular accidentaccident
SeismicSeismic situations :situations : see Eurocode 8-5
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 23/34
23
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
UltimateUltimate limitlimit states ofstates of staticstatic equilibriumequilibrium (EQU)(EQU) ::EEd,dstd,dst ≤≤ EEd,stbd,stb
UltimateUltimate limitlimit states ofstates of resistanceresistance (STR/GEO)(STR/GEO) ::EEdd ≤≤ RRdd
UltimateUltimate limitlimit state ofstate of upliftuplift (UPL)(UPL) ::GGdst;ddst;d ++ QQdst;ddst;d ≤≤ GGstb;dstb;d + R+ Rdd
UltimateUltimate limitlimit state ofstate of hydraulichydraulic failurefailure (HYD)(HYD) ::uudst;ddst;d ≤≤ σσstb;dstb;d oror SSdst;ddst;d ≤≤ GG´́stb;dstb;d
VerificationsVerifications of ULSof ULS
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 24/34
24
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
EN1990EN1990 -- ServiceabilityServiceability limitlimit statesstates
SLSSLSVerificationsVerifications ::
C C dd == limiting design value of the relevantlimiting design value of the relevant
serviceability criterionserviceability criterion
E E dd == design value of the effects of actionsdesign value of the effects of actions
specified in the serviceability criterion, determinedspecified in the serviceability criterion, determined
on the basis of the relevant combinationon the basis of the relevant combination
allall γ γ FF andand γ γ MM = 1.0= 1.0
EEdd ≤≤ CCdd
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 25/34
25
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
• settlement s , differential
settlement δ s , rotation θ and angular strain α
• relative deflection ∆ and
deflection ratio ∆/L
• ω and relative rotation
(angular distortion) β
(after Burland and Wroth,
1975)
s max
δ δδ δ s
m a x
MovementsMovements andand deformationsdeformations of structuresof structures
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 26/34
26
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Foundations of buildings (Eurocode 7, 1994)* Serviceability limit states (SLS) : βmax ≈ 1/500* Ultimate limit states (ULS) : βmax ≈ 1/150• smax ≈ 50 mm δsmax ≈ 20 mm
Foundations of bridgesMoulton (1986) for 314 bridges in the US and Canada :
* βmax≈
1/250 (continuous deck bridges)and βmax ≈ 1/200 (simply supported spans)* sHmax ≈ 40 mm
In France, in practice :
ULS : βmax ≈ 1/250SLS : βmax ≈ 1/1000 à 1/500
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 27/34
27
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
4. Liaisons. Associated standards• EN 1990: Eurocode : Basis of structuraldesign
• EC 8 - 5 : Earthquake resistance design:foundations, retaining structures
and geotechnical aspects
• TC 288 : Execution of geotechnical works
• TC 341 : Geotechnical investigation andtesting
• ISO/TC 182 Geotechnics :
SC1 Soil and rock classificationSC3 Foundations, retaining structures &
earthworks
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 28/34
28
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Published standardsEN 1536 : Bored piles (1999), 79 p
EN 1538 : Diaphragm walls (2000), 46 p
EN 1537 : Ground anchors (2000), 56 p
EN 12063 : Sheet piling (1999), 76 pEN 12699 : Displacement piles (2001), 45 p
EN 12715 : Grouting (2000), 49 p
EN 12716 : Jet-grouting (2001), 36 p
EN 14199 : Micropiling (2005), 45 p
EN 14475 : Reinforcement of fills (2007), 49
EN 14490 : Soil Nailing (2010)
EN 14679 : Deep mixing (2005), 49 p
EN 14731 : Deep vibration (2006), 22 p
EN 15237 : Deep vertical drainage(2007), 52 p
Execution of geotechnical works – TC 288(October 2010)
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 29/34
29
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Standards (4) – Short title (date of publication)EN ISO 14688-1 : Identification of soils (2002-08)
EN ISO 14688-2 : Classification of soils (2004-07)
EN ISO 14689-1 : Identification of rock (2003-12)
EN ISO 22475-1 : Sampling - principles (2006-9)Technical specifications (12) TS 22475-2 : Sampling - qualification criteria (2006-9)TS 22475-3 : Sampling – conformity assessment (2007-12)
TS 17892-1 to 12 (2004-11) to be replaced by ENs:
Water content, Density of fine grained soils,
Density of solid particles, Particle size distribution,Oedometer test, Fall cone test,
Unconfined compression test,
Unconsolidated triaxial test,
Consolidated triaxial test,
Direct shear test,Permeability test,
Atterberg Limits
Investigation and laboratory testingPublished documents as of April 2010 (TC 341)
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 30/34
30
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Published standards (4) – Short title (date of publication)
EN ISO 22476-2 : Dynamic probing (2005-01)
EN ISO 22476-3 : Standard penetration test (2005-01)
Published technical specifications (2) TS 22476-10 : Weight sounding test (2005-05)
TS 22476-11 : Flat dilatometer test (2005-05)
DP
DMTWSTSPT
Field (in situ) testingPublished documents as of 1st April 2010 (TC 341)
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 31/34
31
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Conclusions
- a tool to help European geotechnical engineers speakthe same language
- a necessary tool for the dialogue between geotechnical
engineers and structural engineers
EurocodeEurocode 77 helps promoting research
- it stimulates questions on present geotechnicalpractice from ground investigation to design models
EurocodeEurocode 77 isis ::
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 32/34
32
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
and to really conclude :
• It should be considered that knowledge of the groundconditions depends on the extent and quality of thegeotechnical investigations. Such knowledge and thecontrol of workmanship are usually more significant to
fulfilling the fundamental requirements than isprecision in the calculation models and partial factors.
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 33/34
33
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Thank you for your attention !
8/3/2019 20110127 Eurocodes Egypt Work Frank EC7
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/20110127-eurocodes-egypt-work-frank-ec7 34/34
34
Harmonized European standards for construction in Egypt
Contact Us
www.bsigroup.comLinks:
Roger FrankName of Speaker:
ProfessorTitle:Ecole des Ponts ParisTechOrganisation:
www.bsigroup.comLinks:
Keith MoyesProject Team Leader: