2011 what's new at cmg event in perth - unconventional gas modelling

8/12/2019 2011 What's New at CMG Event in Perth - Unconventional Gas Modelling

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Unconventional Gas Modelling

using CMGsReservoir Simulation Technology

Jim Erdle VP/USA & LA Houston

Perth - December 6, 2011

Incorpo rates slides from Matt Mavors 2004 CMG Technical Symposium Presentatio n


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Unconventional Gas Resources

Tight Gas

CBM

Natural Gas Hydrates

Shale Gas


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GEM Uses

Secondary RecoveryMiscib le gas inject ion (CO2, N2, Sour Gas)Gas condensate produc tion wi th cyclingGOGD using in n aturally fractured reservoirsVAPEX heavy oil recovery (isothermal and th ermal)

CBM & Shale Gas ProductionMulti-component desorption/adsorption, diffusion & coal swelling/shrinkage

CO2 & Acid Gas Sequestration

Oil reservoirs, Saline aquifers & Coal bedsGeochemical reactions

Asphaltene modell ing during pr imary and secondary recoveryPrecipitation, Floccul ation, Depositi on & Pluggin g

Naturally Fractured ReservoirsDual Porosi ty (DP), Dual Permeabil ity (DK), SubDomain (SD), MINC & SD-DK

Hydraulically fractured wells with non-Darcy flow & CompactionSingle Plane Fracs (Vertical & Horizontal Wells)

Complex Fracture Networks (Shale Gas Wells)

Coupled Surface FacilitiesGAP & FORGAS

Coupled GeomechanicsGEOMECH


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GEM Uses

Secondary RecoveryMiscib le gas inject ion (CO2, N2, Sour Gas)Gas condensate produc tion wi th cyclingGOGD using in n aturally fractured reservoirsVAPEX heavy oil recovery (isothermal and th ermal)

CBM & Shale Gas ProductionMulti-component desorption/adsorption, diffusion & coal swelling/shrinkage

CO2 & Acid Gas Sequestration

Oil reservoirs, Saline aquifers & Coal bedsGeochemical reactions

Asphaltene modell ing during pr imary and secondary recoveryPrecipitation, Floccul ation, Depositi on & Pluggin g

Naturally Fractured ReservoirsDual Porosi ty (DP), Dual Permeabil ity (DK), SubDomain (SD), MINC & SD-DK


Complex Fracture Networks (Shale Gas Wells)

Coupled Surface FacilitiesGAP & FORGAS

Coupled GeomechanicsGEOMECH

Shale Gas


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Carbonaceous Shale

A dark-gray or black shale

with significant carbon in theform of small disseminatedparticles or flakes; it i scommonly associated withcoal seams.

(Bates & Jackson: Glossary of Geology , 1980)


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Shale Gas Flow Schematic

Micro-Porosity

Macro-Porosity

Wellbore

Fracture Porosity

InducedFracture

Sorption Diffusion Darcy Flow PipeFlow

Darcy Flow & Non Darcy &


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Barnett Horz vs Vert Well Productivity


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Horz Well BHFP HM with GEM


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Old Way of Modelling Horizontal Shale Gas Wells

Cartesian LGR to represent Frac corridors


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Fracture Geometry Scenarios


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CMGs LS-LR-DK Tartan Gridfor

Modelling Complex fracture networks

New Way of Modelling Horizontal Shale Gas Wells


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CMGs LS-LR-DK Tartan Grid

LS-LR matrix gridblocks used to explici tly represent main proppedfracture network in the SRVs

LS-LR-DK gridblocks used to account for different natural f racturespacings/intensit ies in the SVR using standard DK fracture elementscaling

Unrefined DK gridblocks used outs ide of SVR to represent unpropped (orclosed) natural fractures


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Validation of LS-LR-DK Grid Concept

Multimillon cell Vertical & Horizontal well singleporosity reference modelsComplex Fracture Networks modelled Explic itly

Coarsened models evaluated

Dual Permeability (DK) and MINC without refinementLogarithmically-Spaced Locally-Refined grids inSRVs plus Dual Permeabili ty (LS-LR-DK)Non-Darcy flow Forchheimer number permeabili ty

correctionExtensions of LS-LR-DK approach tested

Model multi-stage horizontal well re-stimulationModel stress dependent fracture permeabil ity


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Re-stimulation of Horizontal Well

Green - 0.0001 md Shale

Yellow 0.001 md-ft Frac tur e ConduitOrange - 2.00 md-ft Fracture Conduit

Red - 20 md-ft Propped Fracture Conduit

Black - Horizontal Well Path

Initially Three Stages Stimulated After Two Years

Four More Stages Stimulated


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Stress-Dependent Fracture Permeability

Unpropped Fracture

Compaction Table

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Pressur e (psi)

C o n d u c

t i v

i t y

M u

l t i p l i e r

Propped FractureCompaction Table

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Pressur e (psi)

C o n

d u c

t i v i t y

M u

l t i p l i e r


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Complex Fracture Network Creation

2010 BUILDER WizardCan create SRV frommicroseismic data or fromuser selection

Creates LS-LR-DK gridwithin SVR


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Shale Gas Modelling WorkflowDemo

from Microseismic to Simulation


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Importing Microseismic Data into BUILDER

Microseismic events can be viewed in 2D and 3D

Each stage shown in a different color


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Importing Microseismic Data into BUILDER

Ability to c reate SRV using the MS data in an existing geomodel

Else, grid can be created automatically around the MS events:User is able to rotate and resize grid areaEasy to align gr id along w ells and fractures


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Defining SRVs by Frac Stage in BUILDER

Stimulated Reservoir Volumes(SRV) can be added by Frac Stagethrough hydraulic fracture wizard

LS-LR Grid automatically createdand fracture properties defined

Noise can be filtered frommicroseismic data by addingconditions when creating SRV

Connect disconnected blocks sothere is a path to well from eachstimulated blockNumber of EventsMagnitudeConfidence


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3D Stimulated Reservoir Volume


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Pressure Profile in SRV

Fracture width & property pseudoization gives accurateresults with reasonable run times by using fewer gridblocks


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Pressure Transients around The HFs

Logarithmic spaced grids around the fracturescaptures the pressure transients around the HFs


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Base Case Results

Initial model with assumed values doesnot match historical production data

Too much gas produced

Not enough water produced

Water Production

Cumulative Water SC - SimulationCumulative Water SC - ProductionHistoryWater Rate SC - SimulationWater Rate SC - ProductionHistory

Time (Date)

C u m u

l a t i v e

W a t e r

S C

( m 3 )

W a t e r

R a t e

S C -

D a i

l y ( m

3 / d a y

)

2009-4 2009-7 2009-10 2010-10

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Gas Production

CumulativeGasSC- SimulationCumulativeGasSC- Production HistoryGasRateSC - SimulationGasRateSC - Production History

Time (Date)

C u m u

l a t i v e

G a s

S C ( m 3 )

G a s

R a

t e S C -

D a

i l y

( m 3 / d a y

)

2 00 9- 4 2 00 9- 7 2 00 9- 10 20 10- 10.00e+0

2.00e+7

4.00e+7

6.00e+7

8.00e+7

1.00e+8

0.00e+0

2.00e+5

4.00e+5

6.00e+5

8.00e+5


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Sensitivity Analysis using CMOST


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History Match Error Reduction

Objective Funct ion Error Reduced from 55% to 1.4%


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History Match Final Results

History match error reduced from 55% to 1.4%Final Gas Rate Match error = 0.70%Final Water Rate Match error = 2.13%

Total Calendar Time to complete HM = 25 hrs

Man Time = 10 hrsComputing Time = 15 hrs

using 2 CPUs/Job and running 8 concurrent Jobs

Parameter RockCompactionTable Shift

Diffusivity(cm 2/s)

LangmuirAdsorption

Constant(1/kPa)

MaximumAdsorption

Mass(gmol/kg)

FractureWidth(m)

FracturePermeability(mD)

FractureConductivity(mD-m)

Initial WaterSaturationin ProppedFractures

Initial 1.0000 0.0006 7.20E-05 0.055 0.00200 30000 60.0 0.20

Final 1.0833 0.0006 6.00E-05 0.020 0.00233 9500 22.1 0.45


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Water Production

Cumulative Water SC - ProductionHistoryCumulative Water SC - SimulationWater Rate SC - ProductionHistoryWater Rate SC - Simulation

Time (Date)

C u m u

l a t i v e

W a t e r

S C ( m 3 )

W a t e r

R a t e

S C -

D a i

l y ( m 3 / d a y

)

2009-4 2009-7 2009-10 2010-10

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140Gas Production

Cumulative Gas SC - ProductionHistoryCumulative Gas SC - SimulationGas Rate SC - ProductionHistoryGas Rate SC - Simulation

Time (Date)

C u m u

l a t i v e

G a s

S C

( m 3 )

G a s

R a t e

S C -

D a i

l y ( m

3 / d a y

)

2009-4 2009-72009-102010-10.00e+0

2.00e+7

4.00e+7

6.00e+7

8.00e+7

1.00e+8

0.00e+0

1.00e+5

2.00e+5

3.00e+5

4.00e+5

5.00e+5

6.00e+5

History Match Final ResultsGas Production

Cumulative Gas SC - ProductionHistoryCumulative Gas SC - SimulationGas Rate SC - ProductionHistoryGas Rate SC - Simulation

Time (Date)

C u m u

l a t i v e

G a s

S C

( m 3 )

G a s

R a t e

S C -

D a i

l y ( m

3 / d a y

)

2009-4 2009-72009-102010-10.00e+0

2.00e+7

4.00e+7

6.00e+7

8.00e+7

1.00e+8

0.00e+0

1.00e+5

2.00e+5

3.00e+5

4.00e+5

5.00e+5

6.00e+5Water Production

Cumulative Water SC - ProductionHistoryCumulative Water SC - SimulationWater Rate SC - ProductionHistoryWater Rate SC - Simulation

Time (Date)

C u m u

l a t i v e

W a t e r

S C ( m 3 )

W a t e r

R a t e

S C -

D a i

l y ( m 3 / d a y

)

2009-4 2009-7 2009-10 2010-10

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

h k


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Thank You!

Any Questions?


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IMEX Uses

Primary recoveryBlack Oil & Volatile OilDry & Wet GasGas Condensate

Secondary recoveryWaterfloodingPolymer FloodingDry Gas Injection

GOGD in naturally fractu red reservoir sWAGPseudo-miscib le Displacement

Gas Storage

Naturally Fractured ReservoirsDual Poros ity (DP), Dual Permeabil ity (DK), SubDomain (SD), MINC & SD-DK


Complex Fractur e Networks (Shale Gas Wells)

Coupled Surface Facilities ModellingGAP, FORGAS, METTE & Avocet IAM


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STARS Uses

Chemical EOREmulsions, Gels, Foams

ASP. SP, ASG

MEOR

LoSAL

Brightwater

Thermal EORHot water

Steam flood & cyclingSAGD & ES-SAGD

Combus tion (LTO & HTO)

ISC of Oil Shale


Cold Heavy Oil Recovery (CHOPS)Natural Gas HydratesComplex Thermal Wellbore Configurations

Discretized Wells (transient, segregated flow of st eam and bitumen in single tubing horizontal wells)

FlexWells (transient, segregated flow of st eam and bitumen in mul tiple tubing , undulating wells)

Coupled Geomechanics

GEOMECH

STARS U l d


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STARS Uses

Chemical EOREmulsions, Gels, Foams

ASP. SP, ASG

MEOR

LoSAL

Brightwater

Thermal EORHot water

Steam flood & cyclingSAGD & ES-SAGD

Combus tion (LTO & HTO)

ISC of Oil Shale


Cold Heavy Oil Recovery (CHOPS)Natural Gas HydratesComplex Thermal Wellbore Configurations

Discretized Wells (transient, segregated flow of st eam and bitumen in single tubing horizontal wells)

FlexWells (transient, segregated flow of st eam and bitumen in mul tiple tubing , undulating wells)

Coupled Geomechanics

Natural Gas Hydrates

2011 what's new at cmg event in perth - unconventional gas modelling

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