2010 - offshore wind environmental impacts
DESCRIPTION
Environmental impacts of offshore windTRANSCRIPT
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Environmental impactsOffshore wind
David Clubb
Wind farm development November 11th 2010 - Barcelona
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Air and climate change programmeEnergy and transport group
David Clubb
Renewable energy project manager
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What is the EEA?
offshore wind impacts
planning & future developments
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What is the EEA?
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32 members
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CBA – 10:1
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protect
coordinate
inform
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ACC
IEA
NSVSES
ADS
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mitigation
air/noise
energy/transport
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2009
www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-onshore-and-offshore-wind-energy-potential
630 GW
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NREAPS
www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2010/e10069.pdf
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Why the interestin
offshore wind?
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Some predictions
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Impacts…
“Pure power, EWEA, 2009”
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http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-014.pdf
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Construction
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Decommissioninghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/glentropy/2315000395/sizes/m/in/photostream/
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Construction
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www.centrica.co.uk
dredging drilling
piling
boat traffic
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http://www.noordzeewind.nl/files/Common/Data/OWEZ_R_252_Tc_20080219_harbour_porpoises.pdf
“…construction did not lead to visibly increased mortality of harbour porpoises…” http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/content/image_galleries/northwest_whales_s12_w6_gallery.shtml?8
“Did the pile driving during construction of Egmond aan Zee impact porpoises?”
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“For bottlenose dolphins, auditory injury would only have occurred within 100m of the pile-driving…and behavioural disturbance, defined as modifications in behaviour, could have occurred up to 50km away”
Assessing underwater noise levels during pile-driving at an offshore windfarm and its potential effects on marine mammals, Bailey et al, 2010
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wider is better
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Operation
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maintenance
operation
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“Overall, less than 1% of the ducks and geese fly close enough to the turbines to be at any risk of collision…”
Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm, Desholm et al, 2005
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“…efforts should also be made to assess the cumulative impacts of small-scale local effects on the different geographically-defined avian populations…”
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?
not enough
data
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“…direct habitat loss is between 2% and 5% of the total development area…potential positive impacts may arise from the creation of refuges free from fishing pressure”
Impacts of climate change and selected renewables on EU biodiversity and Natura 2000 network, Keder et al, 2009
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closer is better
artificial reef
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“…The evidence on the impacts of cables is inconclusive but the impacts seem to be minimal”
Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection? Punt et al, 2009
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Decommissioning
similar impacts
Construction
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to sum up
Impacts of climate change and selected renewables on EU biodiversity and Natura 2000 network, Keder et al, 2009
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_040608-N-8164H-004_Members_of_the_Federal_Funeral_Operations_Center,_Naval_Base_Ventura_County,_Point_Mugu,_meet_to_discuss_the_status_of_planning_of_full_military_honors_for_former_President_Ronald_Reagan.jpg
planning
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Integrated Marine Policy
action plan
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marine strategy framework directiveen
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Framework for
marine policy
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environmental status2020
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:232:0014:0024:EN:PDF
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http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:232:0014:0024:EN:PDF
“criteria and methodological
standards on good environmental status of
marine waters”
1st September 2010
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reminder
Cumulative impact
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SEA directive
EIA directive
habitats directive
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www.doodlepress.co.uk/images/125599184714j320.jpg
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www.marina-platform.info
www.offshoregrid.eu
www.orecca.eu
www.windspeed.eu
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windspeed.eu
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Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection? Punt et al, 2009
marginal impact
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so far, so good
use best
cumulative impacts
practice