2010 annual water quality report - cap · 2015. 12. 2. · ii 2010 annual water quality report...

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2010

ANNUAL WATER QUALITY REPORT

Prepared by the Water Control Department

Contributing efforts by University of Arizona

Arizona State University

July 2011

Central Arizona Project PO Box 43020 Phoenix, AZ 85080-3020

23636 N. Seventh Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 623-869-2333

www.cap-az.com

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 Water Quality Program Historical Water Quality Information CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY DATA ........................................................ 4 Real-Time Water Quality Program Grab Sample Program and Results LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR WATER QUALITY DATA ....................... 21 Lake Pleasant Sampling Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles Schematic of Seasonal CAP Operations Graphical Results of Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles Tabular Results of Lake Pleasant Water Quality Samples GENERAL DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY ............................................... 32 Discussion of Water Quality Sampling Results Summary of Water Quality Analytes and Regulatory Levels Water Quality Impact from the Bill Williams River Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun Taste and Odor Research Program Perchlorate Groundwater Recharge Projects Summary

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES FIGURES

Figure 1 CAP Sampling Location Map ............................................................................. 7 Figure 2 Canal Hydrolab Dissolved Oxygen Results ..................................................... 15 Figure 3 Canal Hydrolab Temperature Results .............................................................. 16 Figure 4 Canal Hydrolab pH Results .............................................................................. 17 Figure 5 Canal Grab Sample Turbidity Results .............................................................. 18 Figure 6 Canal Grab Sample TDS Results .................................................................... 19

Figure 7 Lake Pleasant Agua Fria Inflows 1993 – 2010 ................................................ 23 Figure 8 Lake Pleasant Depth Profile, Temperature ...................................................... 25 Figure 9 Lake Pleasant Depth Profile, pH ...................................................................... 26 Figure 10 Lake Pleasant Depth Profile, DO ................................................................... 27 Figure 11 CAP Summer Operations Schematic ............................................................. 29 Figure 12 CAP Winter Operations Schematic ................................................................ 30 Figure 13 Aerial Photo of CAP Intake and Bill Williams River ........................................ 34

TABLES

Table 1 Grab Sample Schedule - 2010 ............................................................................ 8 Table 2 Lake Havasu Grab Sample Results .................................................................... 9 Table 3 Little Harquahala Grab Sample Results ............................................................ 10 Table 4 99th Avenue Grab Sample Results ................................................................... 11 Table 5 McKellips Rd. Grab Sample Results ................................................................. 12 Table 6 Brady Pumping Plant Grab Sample Results ..................................................... 13 Table 7 San Xavier Grab Sample Results ..................................................................... 14

Table 8 Lake Pleasant Grab Sample Results ................................................................ 24 Table 9 Lake Pleasant Operations Summary ................................................................ 28

Table 10 Water Quality Measurements and Regulatory Levels ..................................... 33 Table 11 CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB, Geosmin and Cyclocitral (ASU) ......... 37

Central Arizona Project

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INTRODUCTION The Central Arizona Project (CAP) delivers Colorado River water from Lake Havasu, located on Arizona's western border, to central and southern Arizona. The total CAP system is 336 miles long and consists of open canals, inverted siphon pipelines, tunnels, pumping plants, check structures, turnouts, and Lake Pleasant storage reservoir. CAP is Arizona's largest supplier of renewable water. CAP is a multi-purpose project with an annual allocation of approximately 1.6 million acre-feet delivered to cities, industries, Indian communities, and agricultural customers as it crosses the arid desert. Colorado River water offsets groundwater mining, which benefits the state by conserving water, providing long-term storage for future use, supplementing surface water supplies, and complying with the Arizona Groundwater Management Act. CAP also provides flood control, power management, recreation, and wildlife benefits. CAP does not provide potable water directly to the public, but supplies raw Colorado River water to municipal water treatment plants. These plants perform the necessary filtering, disinfection, and other treatment of the water to remove suspended particles and bacteria. The treated water is then delivered through the municipal distribution system for domestic use. Water Quality Program CAP has developed a water quality monitoring program, which consists of three areas: 1) Ongoing monitoring of primary pollutants and general water chemistry 2) Ongoing corrosion and materials studies 3) Customers' parameters of interest Water quality monitoring provides data and information to CAP staff and customers about patterns and trends in the canal and Lake Pleasant water quality. The data can also be used to identify potential water contaminant sources. Water comes from two basic sources: (1) Colorado River, and (2) Lake Pleasant. As previously mentioned, the Colorado River is the main source of CAP water, but Agua Fria River inflow from rainfall/runoff on the Lake Pleasant watershed mixes with Colorado River water that is stored in the reservoir. The CAP canal system has cross-drainage structures, which are designed to convey natural drainages over or under the CAP canal. However, there is some limited onsite drainage that is collected in the CAP system. Historical Water Quality Information Prior to 1996, the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD) cooperated with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for a water quality sampling program. The USGS collected monthly and quarterly grab samples at three sites on the CAP canal system:


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(1) Planet Ranch Road bridge (Mile Post 8) (2) 7th Street bridge (Mile Post 162) (3) County Road bridge just upstream of the Santa Rosa Turnout (Mile Post 252) The water quality program tested and analyzed over 50 parameters. Historical CAP water quality data is available in the annual USGS Water Resources Data for Arizona reports. The period of record for the historical data is October 1985 through September 1995. The cooperative agreement with the USGS sampling program expired on September 30, 1995. Copies of the USGS annual reports can be obtained by contacting the USGS Tucson Office at (520) 670-6671. CAP began publishing an annual water quality report in 1996. Copies of the annual reports since 1996 can be obtained by contacting the CAP Water Control Department at (623) 869-2573.


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CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY DATA CAP's water quality program consists of real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various locations along the canal system, and regularly scheduled grab samples, which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory. CAP also coordinates with its customers to provide additional sampling if needed. Real-Time Water Quality Program The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites: (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Lake Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant (3) Waddell Pump/Generator Plant (Lake Pleasant) The real-time data is collected and stored in CAP's control system database and on-demand reports can be generated. The following are the real-time parameters: Hach: Turbidity (0-1000 NTU) YSI: Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-100 NTU) Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voice/data program on the CAP control system. The number is (623) 869-2182. The real-time and grab sample water quality data are also available on the CAP website at: http://www.cap-az.com/ Grab Sample Program and Results CAP contracts with a State of Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality analysis on grab samples. This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites:


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Water Quality Constituents: General Parameters: Temperature (field measured) pH (field measured) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (field measured) Conductivity (field & lab measured) Alkalinity Ammonia Nitrogen Barium Bromide Calcium Chloride Copper Dissolved Organic Carbon Dissolved Iron Iron (Total) Magnesium Manganese Nitrate Orthophosphate-P Potassium (Total) Silica Sodium (Total) Specific Conductance Strontium Sulfate Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Total Phosphorus-P Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Turbidity Taste and Odor: MIB / Geosmin (as needed basis only) Pathogens: Giardia / Cryptosporidium Priority Pollutants: Heavy Metals (As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Hg,Se,Ag) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOA's) Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides


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Water Quality Sampling Sites: CAP Canal at Milepost Mark Wilmer Pump Plant 0 Little Harquahala Pump Plant 59.5 99th Avenue 148.9 McKellips Road 193.3 Brady Pump Plant 253.8 San Xavier Pump Plant 318.3 Figure 1 is a map that identifies the grab sample locations. Table 1 shows the grab sample schedule for 2010. The water quality data collected during 2010 is presented in Table 2 - Figure 7. The data represents the measured values for each month per site. Figure 2 - Figure 6 provide graphical representations of site versus time comparisons for dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The results for the grab sample program are also updated monthly on CAP’s website.


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Figure 1 CAP Sampling Location Map


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Table 1 Grab Sample Schedule - 2010

Month Havasu Little Harq.

Lake Pleasant 99th Ave. McKellips Brady San Xavier

JAN G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

FEB G, H, GC, PP (2/3)

G, H G, H, GC, PP (2/2)

G, H, GC, PP (2/2)

G, H G, H G, H, PP

(2/4)

MAR G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

APR G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

MAY G, H, GC, PP (5/5)

G, H G, H, GC, PP (5/4)

G, H, GC, PP (5/3)

G, H G, H G, H, PP

(5/5)

JUN G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

JUL G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

AUG G, H, GC, PP (8/4)

G, H G, H, GC, PP (8/4)

G, H, GC, PP (8/4)

G, H G, H G, H, GC, PP (8/2)

SEP G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

OCT G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

NOV G, H, GC, PP (11/3)

G, H G, H, GC, PP (11/2)

G, H, GC, PP (11/1)

G, H G, H G, H, GC, PP (11/4)

DEC G, H G, H H G, H G, H G, H G, H

G= General Chemistry: alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, barium, bromide, calcium,

chloride, copper, dissolved organic carbon*, dissolved iron, total iron, magnesium, manganese, nitrate, orthophosphate, potassium, silica, sodium, specific conductance, strontium, sulfate, total dissolved solids (TDS), total phosphorus, total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity.

*Sampled at Lake Havasu and San Xavier pumping plant only

H= Hydrolab readings of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant.

GC= Giardia/Cryptosporidium

PP= Priority pollutants: metals (silver, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, selenium), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs), aldicarbs, herbicides, and perchlorate (beginning August 2004).


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Table 2 Lake Havasu Grab Sample Results

Lake Havasu 2010 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant, Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature °F EQ 54.0 59.0 61.9 66.4 77.5 79.1 83.5 78.8 78.8 68.8 54.8 pH EQ 8.3 8.0 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.0 8.3 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.7 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L EQ 10.3 7.9 8.6 8.2 10.9 8.1 7.1 6.5 6.5 10.2 10.4 Field Conductivity uS/cm EQ 961 774 862 946 973 962 948 919 EQ 955 951 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 130 130 150 150 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 130 130 97 120 120 130 120 120 130 130 130 130 Bromide ug/L 84 89 220 120 83 84 85 90 80 87 83 94 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 78 74 53 72 75 76 70 73 72 71 78 72 Chloride mg/L 88 89 78 85 86 87 85 85 85 89 89 83 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND ND 4.4 ND ND 2.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND Dissolved Organic Carbon mg/L 2.7 2.8 6.6 3.2 2.7 4.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L 0.027 0.022 1.200 0.170 ND 0.045 ND ND 0.083 0.170 0.039 0.035 Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 28 27 22 26 27 28 27 27 26 26 29 27 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 3.2 7.7 36 14 2.9 6.4 5.4 3.5 6.3 8.2 5.6 4.2 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L 0.32 0.33 0.45 0.33 0.37 0.35 0.27 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.30 ND Orthophosphate as P mg/L ND ND 0.11 0.012 ND 0.012 0.014 ND ND 0.010 ND ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.8 4.7 6.4 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.7 Silica mg/L 7.2 7.3 23 11 6.7 7.3 6.4 7.4 7.9 8.6 8.8 8.3 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 95 93 82 91 90 93 89 92 89 86 94 88 Specific Conductance uS/cm 1000 1000 800 960 1000 980 960 940 960 960 980 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 1.1 1.1 0.72 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Sulfate mg/L 240 240 120 200 230 240 230 220 230 230 240 220 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 620 650 500 610 610 620 640 600 620 660 610 610 Total phosphorus as P mg/L ND ND 0.074 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.020 ND Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND 13 12 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Turbidity NTU 1.7 2.6 26 7.3 2.4 4.7 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.6 2.4 3.0 Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly SamplesArsenic, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 Chromium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND 1.0 ND ND

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


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Table 3 Little Harquahala Grab Sample Results

Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2010

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature °F EQ 54.5 60.5 61.2 67.7 78.0 EQ 84.3 80.3 80.3 68.5 55.1 pH EQ 8.4 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.6 EQ EQ 8.3 8.3 6.9 7.9 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L EQ 12.2 7.9 11.4 8.6 10.8 EQ 7.2 7.2 EQ 9.9 10.9 Field Conductivity uS/cm EQ 955 774 874 951 975 EQ 942 925 925 959 957 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 130 130 170 140 130 130 120 110 130 130 130 130 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 130 140 100 130 120 130 120 120 130 130 140 130 Bromide ug/L 79 78 140 110 83 78 68 92 78 87 82 84 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 76 69 66 73 73 76 67 70 72 74 69 73 Chloride mg/L 88 88 83 85 87 87 85 86 90 88 87 82 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND ND 2.7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L ND ND 0.45 0.046 ND ND ND ND 0.047 0.19 0.17 0.042 Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 28 26 24 27 26 28 26 27 27 28 26 28 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 2.5 ND 15 3.7 2.8 3.1 3.6 10 5.5 12 9.6 3.9 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L 0.31 0.32 0.47 0.32 0.34 0.32 ND ND 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.29 Orthophosphate as P mg/L ND ND 0.042 ND ND 0.011 0.014 ND ND 0.012 0.017 ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.6 4.3 5.6 4.8 6.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.8 Silica mg/L 6.8 6.3 13 7.3 5.7 6.6 5.7 7.0 7.9 9.0 8.5 8.4 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 94 87 86 90 90 94 89 94 93 87 84 90 Specific Conductance uS/cm 1000 1000 900 970 1000 980 980 920 980 970 980 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 1.1 1.0 0.91 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 Sulfate mg/L 240 240 180 220 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 630 630 560 610 590 630 650 600 640 670 600 610 Total phosphorus as P mg/L ND ND 0.022 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.022 ND Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND 10 ND ND ND 500 ND ND 13 ND ND Turbidity NTU 0.89 1.6 10 1.3 1.3 0.67 1.0 1.3 1.4 4.4 2.7 1.7 Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERLY SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


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Table 4 99th Avenue Grab Sample Results

99th Avenue Bridge 2010

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecTemperature °F 51.3 54.9 55.8 62.1 66.8 72.0 55.7 57.0 80.1 78.6 67.9 55.3 pH 8.5 8.3 8.0 8.3 8.6 8.4 7.6 7.8 8.3 8.4 8.1 7.8 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 11.3 11.0 10.5 12.6 11.2 10.7 6.8 5.8 8.4 8.6 10.0 10.6 Field Conductivity uS/cm 970 964 972 956 956 969 945 929 920 876 961 951 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 130 130 130 140 130 130 120 120 130 130 130 130 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 140 130 130 130 120 120 120 130 120 140 140 140 Bromide ug/L 83 82 NA 100 92 77 68 110 80 84 80 86 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 78 72 75 78 75 74 67 72 72 79 72 73 Chloride mg/L 91 89 87 85 92 87 85 84 86 86 85 89 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3.0 100 64 ND ND Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND 0.028 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L 0.022 ND ND 0.052 ND ND ND 0.18 0.13 0.30 0.29 0.063 Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 29 27 27 28 27 29 26 28 27 29 27 27 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 3.0 ND ND 7.2 3.4 3.7 3.6 31 4.8 11 10 5.7 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L 0.33 0.29 0.36 0.28 0.31 0.31 ND 0.43 0.24 0.26 0.31 0.31 Orthophosphate as P mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.011 0.014 0.024 ND ND ND ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.8 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.6 5.1 4.5 5.2 4.7 4.6 Silica mg/L 7.0 6.6 6.7 7.6 6.7 7.0 5.7 9.7 7.2 9.7 9.8 8.3 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 97 93 92 93 94 95 89 91 88 97 88 88 Specific Conductance uS/cm 990 1000 980 980 970 960 980 930 970 940 970 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 Sulfate mg/L 240 240 240 220 230 230 230 220 230 230 220 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 630 580 640 620 630 590 650 600 630 600 580 600 Total phosphorus as P mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.023 ND Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND ND 16 ND ND 500 24 ND 11 11 11 Turbidity NTU 1.0 1.2 0.80 6.1 2.4 1.1 1.0 6.6 1.6 2.9 4.5 3.1 Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly SamplesArsenic, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 2.4 2.8 4.2 2.6 Chromium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND 1.1 ND ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled QuarterlyNA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


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Table 5 McKellips Rd. Grab Sample Results

McKellips Rd. 2010

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecTemperature °F 51.7 58.1 57.5 62.0 66.7 74.6 59.3 62.1 80.2 79.9 69.0 55.2 pH 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.6 8.6 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.2 8.1 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 11.2 10.1 10.1 8.2 12.5 11.9 11.5 10.0 9.4 8.6 10.9 10.8 Field Conductivity uS/cm 970 989 961 956 949 969 946 931 914 875 955 951 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 130 120 130 140 130 130 130 120 120 130 130 130 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 140 140 140 130 120 120 120 120 120 120 130 130 Bromide ug/L 80 82 NA 100 83 80 110 110 78 79 79 91 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 78 75 74 74 73 74 66 68 72 68 74 72 Chloride mg/L 91 89 86 86 89 88 86 83 89 86 85 88 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 11 6.1 55 ND ND Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND 0.26 ND ND 0.024 0.024 0.062 0.034 ND ND Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 29 28 27 26 27 28 28 27 28 26 28 27 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND 2.3 3.1 12 2.4 2.7 6.0 10 6.8 4.0 2.4 2.7 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L 0.32 0.30 ND 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.34 0.30 0.21 ND 0.27 0.30 Orthophosphate as P mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.014 0.024 ND ND ND ND ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 Silica mg/L 6.9 6.4 6.6 8.3 5.1 5.8 6.9 6.8 7.6 7.5 8.1 7.7 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 98 95 92 90 93 95 90 90 92 88 95 89 Specific Conductance uS/cm 990 980 990 980 960 960 970 930 960 940 960 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 Sulfate mg/L 240 240 230 220 240 230 230 220 230 230 220 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 640 620 640 610 620 610 610 600 620 600 590 610 Total phosphorus as P mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.028 0.022 ND ND ND ND Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND ND 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Turbidity NTU 1.3 0.84 1.3 7.7 0.85 1.6 0.85 2.7 3.5 0.81 0.33 1.3 Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples


Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled QuarterlyNA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


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Table 6 Brady Pumping Plant Grab Sample Results

Brady Pumping Plant 2010

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecTemperature °F 53.3 57.6 60.0 69.0 69.4 76.6 64.6 71.3 80.3 77.0 68.1 55.4 pH 8.0 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.7 8.7 8.9 8.8 8.4 8.3 7.9 8.3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 9.8 12.1 11.1 10.6 12.9 12.3 11.4 14.8 8.1 9.0 10.0 11.4 Field Conductivity uS/cm 928 929 956 910 950 966 941 936 925 867 965 943.9 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 120 130 150 130 130 120 120 110 130 120 120 120 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.29 ND ND ND ND 0.34 ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 130 130 130 120 130 120 120 120 130 130 130 130 Bromide ug/L 82 71 82 120 86 82 110 100 83 77 83 84 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 65 72 76 69 72 68 68 68 89 71 64 70 Chloride mg/L 83 86 84 86 89 87 85 83 89 86 91 81 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 38 14 20 2.8 ND Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L 0.098 ND ND 0.14 ND ND ND 0.071 0.49 0.060 0.048 ND Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 25 28 28 26 27 27 29 28 28 27 27 28 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 6.3 2.7 3.5 8.1 3.1 ND 2.8 6.0 74 8.0 14 3.8 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L ND ND 0.26 0.27 ND ND ND ND 0.22 ND ND ND Orthophosphate as P mg/L ND ND ND 0.023 ND ND ND ND 0.010 ND ND ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 Silica mg/L 5.7 5.2 ND 9.8 3.8 5.2 4.7 5.2 11 7.5 6.4 6.9 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 87 93 96 94 93 90 92 93 92 92 89 90 Specific Conductance uS/cm 960 930 960 970 1000 960 960 920 920 920 970 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 1.0 1.1 23 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 Sulfate mg/L 230 240 230 200 230 230 230 220 230 220 240 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 630 600 590 580 590 600 620 610 610 630 610 620 Total phosphorus as P mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.035 ND 0.025 ND Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 69 ND ND ND Turbidity NTU 2.6 1.3 0.68 4.9 1.0 0.69 1.2 2.4 29 6.4 2.0 0.51 Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples


Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled QuarterlyNA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


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Table 7 San Xavier Grab Sample Results

San Xavier Pumping Plant 2010

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature °F 54.0 56.3 59.7 70.0 68.5 78.9 83.0 79.4 78.0 73.4 64.6 55.1 pH 7.6 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.8 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.1 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 9.8 10.0 10.2 9.3 11.0 10.5 8.4 10.2 8.1 7.6 9.7 10.2 Field Conductivity uS/cm 934 927 943 897 951 967 956 936 910 866 944 938 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 120 120 140 140 120 130 120 110 120 120 100 120 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L 0.40 ND ND ND ND ND 0.059 0.051 0.067 0.11 ND ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 130 130 140 110 130 120 110 120 100 130 130 120 Bromide ug/L 76 74 81 160 90 83 100 100 91 80 85 82 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 66 70 73 62 68 65 66 63 68 67 59 69 Chloride mg/L 85 85 84 86 89 88 86 83 88 87 93 83 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 36 ND 99 ND ND Dissolved Organic Carbon mg/L 2.8 3.0 3.1 4.8 3.3 NA 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.0 Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L 0.068 0.023 0.035 0.055 ND ND ND 0.15 0.088 0.32 0.092 ND Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 25 27 28 25 27 27 29 27 29 28 28 28 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 4.3 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.9 4.4 4.0 7.8 8.0 13 7.8 3.1 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L ND ND ND 0.27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate as P mg/L ND ND ND 0.017 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.7 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.7 Silica mg/L 5.2 4.4 5.7 10 5.0 3.5 6.1 3.8 6.1 9.1 7.3 6.1 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 88 92 94 93 92 91 93 90 94 92 93 91 Specific Conductance uS/cm 970 910 950 920 1000 970 970 930 900 900 950 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.91 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 Sulfate mg/L 240 240 230 170 240 240 230 220 230 230 240 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 620 640 590 580 580 610 630 610 600 620 580 610 Total phosphorus as P mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.022 ND Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 12 ND ND Turbidity NTU 2.7 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 3.2 3.0 11 2.9 1.0

Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples Arsenic, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 2.2 3.0 3.5 2.4 Boron Total ICAP mg/L NA NA 0.14 NA Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


15

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

DO

(mg

/L)

Central Arizona Project 2010 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Havasu Little Harq 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

100% LAKE PLEASANT

100% COLORADO RIVER100% COLORADO RIVER

30% LP70% CR

60% LP40% CR

Figure 2 Canal Hydrolab Dissolved Oxygen Results


16

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0


Te

mp

era

ture

(°F

)

Central Arizona Project 2010 Canal Water Temperatures


100% LAKE PLEASANT


30% LP70% CR

60% LP40% CR

Figure 3 Canal Hydrolab Temperature Results


17

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0


pH

Central Arizona Project 2010 Canal Water pH


100% LAKE PLEASANT


30% LP70% CR

60% LP40% CR

Figure 4 Canal Hydrolab pH Results


18

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0


Tu

rbid

ity

(ntu

)

Central Arizona Project 2010 Canal Water Turbidity


100% LAKE PLEASANT


30% LP70% CR

60% LP40% CR

Figure 5 Canal Grab Sample Turbidity Results


19

450

500

550

600

650

700


TD

S (m

g/L

)

Central Arizona Project 2010 Canal Water TDS


100% LAKE PLEASANT


30% LP70% CR

60% LP40% CR

Figure 6 Canal Grab Sample TDS Results


20


21

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR WATER QUALITY DATA The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pumped-storage reservoir. During a typical year, Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from October to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower. From June to September, when water demands and electricity costs are higher, water is released from the lake for customer deliveries. The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant, and inflows vary each year (see Figure 7). During dry years on the watershed, the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water, and during wet years with substantial runoff, the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water. Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake. Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell Pump/Generating station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake. Consequently, inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant. Lake Pleasant Sampling – February 2, May 4, August 4, and November 2, 2010: The water quality of the lake represented a blend of Colorado River water and Agua Fria water. The lake was relatively clear with turbidity levels averaging 1.4 NTU, and the TDS levels of 510 to 600 mg/L are slightly lower than those found in Colorado River water. In years with significant runoff from the Agua Fria, the TDS levels are much lower than those in Colorado River water. Table 8 contains the Lake Pleasant grab sample results. Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth. Depth profile measurements were collected at the towers at New Waddell Dam using a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor on January 11, February 2, March 23, April 7, May 4, June 15, July 12, August 4, September 15, October 13, November 2, and December 7, 2010. The water quality parameters measured included temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Figure 8 – Figure 10 contain the Lake Pleasant depth profile results.

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that thermal stratification occurred in the summer months. The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich, with a higher temperature, as well as having a slightly higher pH, conductivity, and TDS. The lower layer (hypolimnion), was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS). The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction. If the sediment/water interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia, reducing conditions allow the formation of nutrients previously


22

unavailable for organisms that cause taste and odor changes in the water. This reduction may lead to sapropel formation, a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane, and has a shiny, black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide. This compound is responsible for the occasional "rotten-egg" odor associated with releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers. Nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, become unbound from their ionic association with metals, such as iron, and manganese. This process may free up nutrients, which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system. Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems. Typically, the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring/summer and lasts until the latter part of fall. Usually by November or December, the lake has de-stratified. This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures, which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water. This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile. The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different levels, which are 100 feet apart in elevation. Adjustable operation of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to manage the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries. For years 1994 through 1997, water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible. It was believed that this zone had the best water quality. By the end of the summer, the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched over to the lower gates. At that time, the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system, resulting in treatment concerns for the cities. In 1998, a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant. This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for releases during the entire summer. The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period, while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water. This minimized the volume of anoxic water, which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period. In 2005, the lake release strategy was further modified to improve water quality for valley cites. Lake Pleasant releases were terminated in mid-September, as opposed to mid-October. Termination of releases reduced the amount of anoxic water that was being delivered to the downstream treatment plants. This strategy was also implemented in the fall of 2010. Table 9 summarizes operations at the dam; included in the table are the approximate minimum and maximum annual elevations, and the approximate blend of Colorado River water and Lake Pleasant water that was delivered to valley cities. Figure 11 – Figure 12 describe the usual seasonal operational patterns for the delivery of CAP water.


23

466,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

'93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10

Tota

l Ann

ual I

nflo

w (a

c-ft

) .

Lake Pleasant InflowPrepared 7/19/2011

65,990 AF 30-Year Average

26,010 AF (50th Percentile)

Figure 7 Lake Pleasant Agua Fria Inflows 1993 – 2010


24

Table 8 Lake Pleasant Grab Sample Results

Lake Pleasant 2010 Water Quality Sampling Results

General Chemistry Analytes Units 2-Feb-10 4-May-10 4-Aug-10 2-Nov-10 Temperature °F

SEE LAKE PROFILE PLOTS pH Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Field Conductivity uS/cm Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 110 120 120 130 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND ND ND ND Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 110 110 110 130 Bromide ug/L 100 97 100 110 Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 61 65 66 68 Chloride mg/L 79 88 80 88 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 2.3 ND ND ND Iron, Dissolved, ICAP mg/L ND ND ND ND Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L 0.16 ND ND 0.077 Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 26 27 27 29 Manganese, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 6.5 3.8 3.0 48 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L 0.53 0.39 0.26 ND Orthophosphate as P mg/L 0.049 0.024 ND ND Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.4 Silica mg/L 9.7 8.0 8.9 9.1 Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 83 89 90 92 Specific Conductance uS/cm 900 970 900 1000 Strontium, ICAP mg/L 0.94 1.0 1.0 1.1 Sulfate mg/L 210 230 220 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 510 600 570 580 Total phosphorus as P mg/L 0.052 ND ND 0.026 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND ND ND ND Turbidity NTU 5.2 0.56 1.9 2.4 Quarterly Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly SamplesArsenic, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 5.4 3.8 4.2 4.2 Chromium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND 1.1 ND ND Mercury ug/L 1.6 0.42 0.64 12 Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data Sampled Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected EQ = Equipment Problem


25

1480

1490

1500

1510

1520

1530

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

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1600

1610

1620

1630

1640

1650

1660

1670

1680

1690

1700

1710

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Lake

Pleasan

t Elevation

(ft)

Temperature, F

Lake Pleasant Temperature‐vs‐Depth

1/11/2010

2/2/2010

3/23/2010

4/7/2010

5/4/2010

6/15/2010

7/12/2010

8/4/2010

9/15/2010

10/13/2010

11/2/2010

12/7/2010

UpperGate

Lower Gate

Figure 8 Lake Pleasant Depth Profile, Temperature


26

1480

1490

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1550

1560

1570

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1620

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1670

1680

1690

1700

1710

7.25 7.5 7.75 8 8.25 8.5 8.75 9

Lake

Pleasan

t Elevation

pH

Lake Pleasant pH‐vs‐Depth

1/11/2010

2/2/2010

3/23/2010

4/7/2010

5/4/2010

6/15/2010

7/12/2010

8/4/2010

9/15/2010

10/13/2010

11/2/2010

12/7/2010

Upper Gate

Lower Gate

Figure 9 Lake Pleasant Depth Profile, pH


27

1480

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Lake

Pleasan

t Elevation

(ft)

Dissolved Oxygen mg/L

Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen‐vs‐Depth

1/11/2010

2/2/2010

3/23/2010

4/7/2010

5/4/2010

6/15/2010

7/12/2010

8/4/2010

9/15/2010

10/13/2010

11/2/2010

12/7/2010

Upper Gate

Lower Gate

Figure 10 Lake Pleasant Depth Profile, DO


28

Table 9 Lake Pleasant Operations Summary

2010 Lake Pleasant Operations

•• 112277,,774400 AAFF ooff ggaaggeedd iinnffllooww ((5500%% ppeerrcceennttiillee iinnffllooww == 2266,,001100 AAFF))

•• MMaarrcchh 3311,, 22001100 EElleevvaattiioonn == 11669988..4444 ((fftt))

•• SSeepptteemmbbeerr 1122,, 22001100 EElleevvaattiioonn == 11665533..8866 ((fftt))

•• CChhaannggee iinn EElleevvaattiioonn == 4444..5588 ((fftt))

2010 Lake Pleasant Release Summary Date

(cfs) Waddell Released

(cfs)Pass-Thru

(cfs) % Ratio

Waddell Released/Pass-Thru

4/26 – 4/30 533 1434 27/73

6/1 – 7/6 885 1931 31/69

7/7 – 8/3 2682 0* 100/0

8/4 – 9/10 1541 966 61/39 *Agua Fria Tunnel Outage


29

Figure 11 CAP Summer Operations Schematic

70% Lake Pleasant 30% Colorado River

“Summer” JUNE – MID SEPTEMBER

Central Arizona Project GENERAL LOCATION MAP


30

Figure 12 CAP Winter Operations Schematic

“Winter” MID SEPTEMBER - MAY

Central Arizona Project GENERAL LOCATION MAP

100% Colorado River


31


32

GENERAL DISCUSSION Water Quality Sampling Results Turbidity – The suspended solids are relatively low with turbidity levels averaging 2.9 NTU. The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear, and the lake bottom can be seen at depths of 25-30 feet. In general, when canal flows are lower or remain steady, the turbidity is low. When flow increases occur, the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels. These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration. Algae blooms in the canal also have an impact on turbidity. Blooms are generally localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water. A spike in turbidity occurred at Brady Pumping Plant in September, although its cause is unknown. TDS – Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the water. The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater sources. For the year, the average TDS was 605.1 mg/L. pH – The average canal pH ranged from 6.9 to 8.9. Temperature – Average water temperature for the year was 67°F with minimal differences between the Havasu, Phoenix, and Tucson areas of the canal system. However, monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably along the canal system. Maximum temperatures reached 84°F and minimum temperatures were about 51°F. Note: From June to mid-September, when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout, the canal water temperatures at the 99th Avenue Bridge ranged from 51°F to 80°F. This water is generally cooler than normal canal water temperatures. A similar reduction in canal water temperatures was also observed at the McKellips Rd. and Brady Pumping Plant sampling points. DO – The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system. The sampling locations had an average DO of approximately 9.8 mg/L for 2010. DO measurements ranged from 5.8 mg/L to 14.8 mg/L. Fluctuations in DO followed the canal water temperature trends with an inverse relationship. Metals – The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals were non-detectable in the canal except for arsenic and chromium which had average measurements of 2.8 ug/L and 1.1 ug/L, respectively. Boron was also detected at a level of 0.14 mg/L during August 2010 at the San Xavier Pumping Plant. Heavy metals detected in Lake Pleasant included arsenic, chromium, and mercury; the measured ranges were 3.8 – 5.4 ug/L, ND – 1.1 ug/L, and 0.42 – 12 ug/L, respectively. Pathogens – A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central and southern Arizona is treated CAP water. One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water, including Giardia and Cryptosporidium. In 2010, all tests for Giardia and Cryptosporidium had non-detect results.


33

Table 10 Water Quality Measurements and Regulatory Levels

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANALYTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards)

Analyte Units Range of

Measured Values Average Value

US EPA Maximum

Contaminant Level (MCL)

(Health-based)

US EPA Secondary Maximum

Contaminant Level

(Aesthetics-based) Temperature °F 51.3 – 84.3 66.9 - - pH 6.9 – 8.9 8.2 - 6.5 – 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.8 – 14.8 9.8 - - Field conductivity uS/cm 774 – 989 935 - - Alkalinity in CaCO3 units mg/L 100 – 170 128 - - Ammonia Nitrogen mg/L ND – 0.4 Note 1 - - Barium, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L 97 – 140 125 2000 - Bromide ug/L 68 – 220 92 - - Calcium, Total, ICAP mg/L 53 – 89 70 - - Chloride mg/L 78 – 93 86 - 250 Copper, Total, ICAP/MS ug/L ND – 100 Note 1 1300 1000 Dissolved Organic Carbon mg/L 2.7 – 6.6 3.4 - - Iron, Dissolved ICAP mg/L All samples for Iron, Dissolved ICAP were non detect for 2010 Iron, Total, ICAP mg/L ND – 1.2 Note 1 - 0.3 Magnesium, Total, ICAP mg/L 22 – 29 27 - - Manganese, Total, ICAP ug/L 2.3 – 74 8.8 - 50 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mg/L ND – 0.53 Note 1 10 - Orthophosphate-P mg/L ND – 0.11 Note 1 - - Potassium, Total, ICAP mg/L 4.3 – 6.6 4.9 - - Silica mg/L 3.5 – 23 7.6 - - Sodium, Total, ICAP mg/L 82 –98 91 - - Specific Conductance uS/cm 800 – 1000 960 - - Strontium, ICAP mg/L 0.7 – 23 1.3 - - Sulfate mg/L 120 – 240 227 - 250 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 500 – 670 605 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mg/L ND – 0.074 Note 1 - - Total Suspended Solids mg/L ND - 500 Note 1 - - Turbidity NTU 0.33 – 29 2.9 0.5 -

Metals / Priority Pollutants Arsenic ug/L ND – 4.2 2.8 10 - Chromium ug/L ND – 1.1 Note 1 100 - Mercury ug/L ND – 12 Note 1 2 - Perchlorate ug/L All samples for Perchlorate were non detect for 2010

VOC's Toluene ug/L All samples for Toluene were non detect for 2010

Pathogens Giardia and Cryptosporidium All samples for Giardia and Cryptosporidium were non detect for 2010 Note 1: Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year.

See attached summary tables of priority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts.


34

Water Quality Impact from Bill Williams River As previously mentioned, the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu. Figure 13 identifies the intake for the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant, which is located in a bay-like feature just south of the mouth of the Bill Williams River where it empties into Lake Havasu. The Bill Williams River, together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake, handles runoff for the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona. During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff, the flows in the Bill Williams River dominate this area of Lake Havasu, and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments.

Figure 13 Aerial Photo of CAP Intake and Bill Williams River

When the water quality in the CAP intake at Lake Havasu deteriorates, it causes treatment problems for downstream municipalities. If possible, CAP curtails pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves. In March of 2010, a 3,000 cfs pulse release lasting for approximately 36 hours and then a subsequent sustained 2,000 cfs release for approximately 4 days impacted water quality for CAP and its customers. The sustained release caused turbidity levels at the CAP intake to spike to about 50 NTU before slowly recovering over a number of weeks. Both the Tonopah Desert Recharge Project and the Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project were shut down to avoid adversely impacting infiltration rates by clogging the basins with fine sediment and silt. Agricultural customers


35

had problems with drip irrigation systems plugging up. Municipal water treatment plants reported that chemical costs to treat the raw water greatly increased and the management of disinfection byproducts in accordance with federal regulations became quite difficult. Figure 5 shows evidence of the increased turbidity at the Havasu and Little Harquahala Pumping Plant sampling points in March. Theses points were sampled on March 24, 2010. All other points were sampled earlier in the month of March, either before or shortly after the Alamo Dam releases began. Elevated turbidity measurements were also reported at many of the sampling points in April, for which data was collected during the first week of the month. Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled “Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins.” The University of Arizona project description is as follows:

“Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U.S. are unique in several ways. Sustained periods of drought, periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance. Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource. This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs, Roosevelt, Apache, Canyon, Saguaro and Bartlett; the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir, Lake Pleasant.”

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at: http://ag.arizona.edu/limnology/watersheds/ Taste and Odor Research Program Municipal water treatment plants, which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems, have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes. The water has been described as having a “musty-moldy-earthy” taste or odor, which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems. Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive tastes and odors, however treatments have significant cost. Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes of the taste and odor problems. Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt). The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a health concern at these extremely low levels. MIB detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya. Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic Anabaena and Lyngbya.


36

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU, SRP, CAP, and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIB and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems. The project is titled: "Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments." The project publishes a monthly newsletter, which contains sampling results and recommendations for treatment of MIB and Geosmin. A summary of the project and a copy of the newsletters distributed, including the most current newsletter and a final report can be found at: http://enpub.fulton.asu.edu/pwest/tasteandodor.htm

Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of MIB and Geosmin to valley cities. CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool. In the project final report, the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water:

“CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water. This provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants. For most years, using more SRP water early in the season, and more CAP water later in the season, would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenix’s municipal customers.”

MIB, Geosmin, and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in Table 11. Perchlorate Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2010. It was not detected in any samples from either the canal or from Lake Pleasant or Lake Havasu. In addition to CAWCD’s sampling efforts, the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow Beach, Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant. Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in Colorado River water. NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate concentrations at Willow Beach were at or below 2.8 ppb from January 2010 to September 2010. Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 9.7 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent values as a result of ongoing remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility. The EPA has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at: http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/unregulated/perchlorate.cfm


37

Table 11 CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB, Geosmin and Cyclocitral (ASU)

CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB, Geosmin and Cyclocitral

Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project: "Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments"

All units in ng/L

Date

Lake Pleasant (epilimnion)

Lake Pleasant (hypolimnion)

Waddell Canal CAP/SRP Inter-Connect

Union Hills Inlet* Union Hills Outlet*

MIB GSMN Cyclocitrol MIB GSMN Cyclocitrol MIB GSMN Cyclocitrol MIB GSMN Cyclocitrol MIB GSMN Cyclocitrol MIB GSMN Cyclocitrol

1/4/2010 4.0 <2.0 <2.0 3.8 <2.0 <2.0 2.8 2.8 <2.0 - - - 3.4 2.9 <2.0 2.6 2.7 <2.0

2/1/2010 - - - - - - <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 - - - <2.0 2.0 <2.0 <2.0 2.4 <2.0

3/1/2010 - - - - - - <2.0 <4.0 - - - - <2.0 <4.0 - <2.0 <4.0 -

4/6/2010 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 - - - - <2.0 <4.0 - <2.0 <4.0 -

5/3/2010 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 2.1 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 - - - <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0

6/1/2010 - - - - - - <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 - - - <2.0 2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0

6/28/2010 <2.0 <2.0 7.4 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 4.2 - - - - - - - - -

8/2/2010 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 4.2 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0

8/30/2010 2.4 3.6 3.0 2.5 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 - - - - - - 5.4 <2.0 <2.0

10/4/2010 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 5.3 <2.0 <2.0 3.7 3.3 <2.0 - - - 5.7 5.2 <2.0 5.3 3.0 <2.0

11/1/2010 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 3.0 2.5 <2.0 - - - 3.0 2.7 <2.0 3.8 2.4 <2.0

12/7/2010 6.5 <2.0 <2.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

* City of Phoenix, Union Hills Water Treatment Plant


38

Groundwater Recharge Projects – Water Quality The following CAP direct recharge projects were in operation in 2010:

1. Avra Valley Recharge Project 2. Pima Mine Road Recharge Project 3. Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4. Agua Fria Recharge Project 5. Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project 6. Tonopah Desert Recharge Project

A portion of the permitting process and regulatory compliance for these projects requires periodic water quality monitoring. The sampling results are compiled into an annual report, which is a matter of public record and is submitted to the Arizona Department of Water Resources. Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting: Brian Henning CAP Water Control Department 623-869-2567 [email protected] SUMMARY This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program. CAP is sensitive to customer needs, and as changes in water quality issues occur, the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly. The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports. For further information, or questions, please contact: Marcus Shapiro (623) 869-2528 [email protected] Brian Henning (623) 869-2567 [email protected]

2010 annual water quality report - cap · 2015. 12. 2. · ii 2010 annual water quality report...

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