2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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Essential questions What are the structures of blood?

What are the structures of the circulatory system?

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Structures of the circulatory system

Blood HeartArteriesVeinsCapillaries

Blood

Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of

The average adult has 8 – 10 pints.

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Blood

One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs

Red blood cells live 120 days.

Make new blood cells 2 million per second!

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Structures of the blood

Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Plasma Straw-colored liquid 55% of the blood’s volume

Water Plasma proteins Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Waste products

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Plasma

Cellular elements

Plasma proteins

Fibrinogen Albumin Globulin

Gamma globulin Prothrombin

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Plasma

Cellular elements

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Erythrocytes

Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Transportation

Oxygen Carbon dioxide

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Leukocytes

Larger than erythrocytes Five types

Leuk/o/cytes –white cells

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Leukocytes

Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes

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Leukocytes

Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

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Thrombocytes Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process

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Blood types

Inherited from parents Determined by presence

or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell

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In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types.

Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed.

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Blood types Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies

Rhesus (ree-suh s)

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Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific

protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen).

Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type.

Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy.

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Rh factor In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of

studying Rhesus monkeys.

When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted.

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Rh factor If the blood has the

protein, the patient is Rh positive.

If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative.

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Structures of the circulatory system

Heart

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Heart

The heart is a double pump.

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Heart

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Left atrium

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Aortic semilunar valve

ApexSeptum

Right ventricle Left ventricle

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Layers of the heart

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Myocardium

Endocardium

Pericardium

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Conduction system of heart beatsRefer to your textbook to

identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the

heart to beat.

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Structures of the circulatory system

ARTERIES

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Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries

Elastic, muscular and thick-walled Transport blood under very high pressure

Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

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Vessels of the circulatory system

Arterial bloodOxygen rich Bright red, spurts

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Structures of the circulatory system

VEINS

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Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS

Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart

Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries

Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction

of the heart

Veins > Venules > Capillaries

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Vessels of the circulatory system

Venous blood Oxygen poorDark crimson, oozes

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Vessels of the circulatory system

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Structures of the circulatory system

Capillaries The smallest

blood vessels

Connect arterioles to venules

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Structures of the circulatory system

Trace the flow of blood through the body

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Flow of blood through the body

Right side Superior vena cavaInferior vena cavaRight atriumTricuspid valveRight VentriclePulmonary valvePulmonary artery

Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange

Left SidePulmonary veinLeft atriumBicuspid valveLeft ventricleAortic valveAortaBody

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Pulse sites Alternating expansion and contraction of an

artery as blood flows through it.

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Common pulse sites