2009 chemistry released sol test...a 3. which of the following is the correct lewis electron dot...

5/19/2015 2009 Chemistry Released SOL Test

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Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

D 1. Which of these would be best to measure 12.6 mL of liquid ethanol?a. 25 mL beaker c. 25 mL Erlenmeyer flaskb. 25 mL volumetric flask d. 25 mL graduated cylinder

ANSWER: DOut of these, the graduated cylinder is the only piece of equipment withmarkings small enough to give an accurate reading.

POINTS: 1 / 1FEEDBACK: REF:

D 2. Potassium (K) has a smaller atomic mass than argon (Ar) even though the atomic numberof potassium is larger than the atomic number of argon. Which of the following bestaccounts for this observation?a. At STP, potassium is in the solid phase, but argon is a gas.b. It is easier for a potassium atom to lose an electron than it is for an argon atom.c. The most common isotopes of argon have more protons than the most common

isotopes of potassium.d. The most common isotopes of potassium have fewer neutrons than the most

common isotopes of argon.

ANSWER: DProtons + Neutrons = MassIf you change the protons, you change the elementIf you change the neutrons, you change the isotope

So, the number of protons is set, but the neutrons can be changed andtherefore will affect the overall mass.


A 3. Which of the following is the correct Lewis electrondot diagram for the sodium atom?

a. c.

Name: Score: 50 / 50 points (100%)

2009 Chemistry Released SOL Test



b. d.

ANSWER: ASince sodium is in the first column, it gets one dot.

Remember the most dots an element can get is 8.POINTS: 1 / 1FEEDBACK: REF:

C 4. A compound has a mass of 2.6632x102 g/mol. The number of significant figures in thismass is a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7

ANSWER: CAll numbers before the x102 are significant, but the x102 is not countedtoward significant figures


A 5. What are the coefficients of the correctly balanced equation?a. 1, 3, 2, 3 b. 0, 2, 2, 3 c. 1, 2, 2, 2 d. 2, 6, 4, 3

ANSWER: AMakes 2 Fe’s, 6 O’s and 3 C’s on each side and is the only one that works


A 6. The correct formula for dinitrogen pentoxide is a. N2O5 b. N5O c. NO5 d. N2O

ANSWER: Adi = 2penta = 5So we need 2N and 5O or N2O5


D 7. When ionic compounds are named, the name of a monatomic anion will end in which of the



following suffixes?a. ic b. ite c. ate d. ide

ANSWER: Delements end in ideate and ite are for polyatomic anions (more than 1; not mono) and ic isused with acids


D 8. When 1 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in 100 g of water, a solution results. Oncethe solution is prepared, water is now considered what part of the solution?a. Solid b. Liquid c. Solute d. Solvent

ANSWER: DSolvents (water in this case) dissolve the solutes (NaCl in this case) in asolution


D 9. What is the name of the compound with the formula PCl5?a. Phosphorus(I) chloride c. Phosphorus pentachlorateb. Phosphorus(V) chloride d. Phosphorus pentachloride

ANSWER: DDoes it have a metal? NoSo it is covalent. Is it just one element or does it start with an H? No so itis not a diatomic or acid.

So it has to be a binary molecular covalent compound use the prefixes andname ends in ide


B 10. How many electrons does the iron ion have when it forms the ionic compound FeCl3?a. 20 b. 23 c. 26 d. 29

ANSWER: BSwitchy Switchy tells me the Iron has a +3 charge. + means it lostelectrons, so 26 (atomic number) 3 = 23


A 11. Covalent bonds mainly occur between a. two nonmetallic elementsb. two metallic elements



c. one metallic element and one nonmetallic elementd. one metalloid and one metallic element

ANSWER: Acovalent involve two nonmetals

All metals metallicMetal and nonmetal ionicMetallic and metalloid usually treated as ionic


A 12. What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?a. 4.39 mL b. 4.41 mL c. 4.55 mL d. 5.61 mL

ANSWER: AIt is between 4 and 5 so it will be 4.__. Each small mark equals a tenth andsince it hasn’t reached the 4th line, the best answer is 4.39.


B 13. If substance X is a liquid, substance Y is a gas, and substance Z is a solid, and all are at thesame temperature and pressure, then the order of increasing strength of their intermolecularforces would be a. X < Y < Z b. Y < X < Z c. Z < Y < X d. Y < Z < X

ANSWER: BSolids have the strongest bonds holding them together (hence why they aresolids, tightly packed, definite shape and volume), gases have the least (thatis why they are bouncing around by themselves).



Therefore, it would go solid, liquid, gas. Looking at the < (less than) and >(greater than), it would have to be Y (the gas) is less than X (the liquid)which is less than Z (the solid)


C 14. If a sample has a mass of 1.25 x 102 g and a volume of 51 mL, what is its density?a. 0.00025 g/mL b. 0.0125 g/mL c. 2.5 g/mL d. 250 g/mL

ANSWER: CD = m/V

1.25x102 / 51 = 2.45 or 2.5POINTS: 1 / 1FEEDBACK: REF:

B 15. What is the empirical formula of the compound with the molecular formula C6H12?a. CH b. CH2 c. CH4 d. C2H6

ANSWER: BNeed to simplify the 6 and 12. Since both can be divided by 6, they wouldgo to 1 and 2.


B 16. The diagram shows water molecules in an open beaker and water molecules that haveevaporated into the air above the beaker. Which change in this system will increase the rateof evaporation?a. Adding salt to the waterb. Increasing the temperature of the waterc. Increasing the pressure of the air above the waterd. Increasing the humidity of the air above the water



ANSWER: BHeating water makes it evaporate faster

Adding salt makes it boil at a higher temperatureIncreasing the pressure would force the water from the air back into thebeakerIncreasing the humidity means there are more molecules in the air,increasing the chance that our water molecules would bounce back into thebeaker.


B 17. A chemist is examining an unidentified element sample with oxidation states of +2, +3, and+6. The element has a shielding effect similar to that of potassium (K). Which statementabout the unidentified element is most likely true?a. It has the same number of neutrons as potassium.b. It is a transition metal from the same period as potassium.c. It is one of the heaviest elements in potassium’s group.d. It is a mix of three unstable isotopes of potassium.

ANSWER: BShielding effect stays the same as you go left and right on the periodic tableso it is in the same row as K and the fact that it has more than one oxidationnumber tells us that it is in the middle of the periodic table (transitionelement)

Potassium only has a oxidation of +1 (column one) so it is not potassium so “It is a mix of three unstable isotopes of potassium.” is outNeutrons do not affect oxidation states, only electron do so “It has thesame number of neutrons as potassium.” is outGroups go up and down and the shielding effect increases as you go downthe group so “It is one of the heaviest elements in potassium’s group.” isout


C 18. The reaction for the decomposition of ammonia (NH3) can be written as shown. If a studentstarts with 21.7 g of NH3, how many grams of hydrogen (H2) gas will be produced by thereaction?a. 1.28 g b. 2.55 g c. 3.85 g d. 32.5 g

ANSWER: CStoichiometry



21.7 g NH3 x = 1.28 mol NH3 x = 1.92 mol H2 x

=3.84g ~ 3.85 g

N 14H 1x3 17


C 19. The product in a balanced reaction is 4Al2O3. Which of the following shows the number ofaluminum and oxygen atoms in 4Al2O3?a. 8 atoms of aluminum and 3 atoms of oxygenb. 6 atoms of aluminum and 3 atoms of oxygenc. 8 atoms of aluminum and 12 atoms of oxygend. 6 atoms of aluminum and 7 atoms of oxygen

ANSWER: CDistribute and multiply the 4. So 4x2=8 Al, and 4x3=12 O


B 20. According to the pH scale, which substance is lightly acidic?a. Battery acid c. Baking sodab. Black coffee d. Drain cleaner

ANSWER: BAcids are between 07, with 7 being neutral. The closest thing to 7 on theacid side is black coffee


D 21. Which of these is most likely to form between elements transferring electrons to formoppositely charged particles?a. A metallic bond c. A covalent bondb. A hydrogen bond d. An ionic bond



ANSWER: DIonics result from a transfer of electrons and the ions attracted each otherafter the transfer has occurred.


C 22. Which of the following is a chemical change?a. Salt is dissolved in water.b. Water is boiled on a stove.c. Gasoline combusts in an engine.d. Copper metal is stretched into a long wire.

ANSWER: CCombustion is chemical since it makes two new compounds (CO2 andH2O) from the gasoline and these compounds have new properties.

Making solutions and phase changes are both physical so “Salt is dissolvedin water.” and “Water is boiled on a stove.” are out as well as stretching.


B 23. The table shows the specific heat capacity of four substances.

For an equal mass of each substance, which one will require the least amount of heat toraise its temperature from 20oC to 30oC?a. Aluminum c. Carbon dioxideb. Glass d. Water

ANSWER: BThe lower the heat capacity, the less heat it will take. Since glass has thelowest, it will take the least amount of heat.


C 24. What is the volume occupied by 51.0 g of ammonia (NH3) gas at STP?a. 0.439 L b. 22.8 L c. 67.2 L d. 91.9 L



ANSWER: C

51g NH3 x =3 mol x =67.2

N14H1x3 17


B 25. Which substance will release the greatest amount of heat when 1.00 mol is frozen?a. Argon b. Benzene c. Mercury d. Water

ANSWER: BThe higher the Hfus, the higher the amount of heat released.


D 26. A student hypothesizes that bromine (Br) has different chemical properties from krypton(Kr). The periodic table supports this hypothesis by indicating that a. bromine is a metal while krypton is a nonmetalb. one mole of bromine is heavier than one mole of kryptonc. bromine and krypton are members of the same familyd. bromine and krypton have different numbers of valence electrons

ANSWER: DBoth are nonmetals (far right of periodic table, arrows at bottom of tableconfirm this)Krypton is heavier (Kr = 83.80; Br = 79.904)Not in the same column so not in the same familyBut the do have different number of valence electrons (dots in LewisStructure; Br has 7; Kr has 8)

POINTS: 1 / 1



FEEDBACK: REF:

B 27. A mixture of gases with a pressure of 800 mm Hg contains 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogenby volume. What is the partial pressure of the oxygen gas in the mixture?a. 10 mm Hg b. 80 mm Hg c. 700 mm Hg d. 800 mm Hg

ANSWER: B10% of 800 mmHg (unit of pressure) is 80


D 28. One example of an ionic compound is a. F2 b. CO2 c. HBr d. MgCl2

ANSWER: DTo be ionic, it must have a metal and a nonmetal and Mg is the only metalmentioned, everything else is a nonmetal


C 29. Le Chatelier’s principle describes what happens to a system in equilibrium when a stressoccurs. All of the following could shift an equilibrium EXCEPT a. changing the pressure on the systemb. changing the temperature of the systemc. changing the identity of the catalystd. changing the concentration of one of the components

ANSWER: CCatalyst affect the rate of a reaction, not the amounts on each side. Remember this is talking about the seesaw so temp and concentrationdefinitely affect the seesaw. Pressure is the thing that we have to look at thecoefficients instead of the seesaw. The catalyst would be like addingsomething that doesn’t appear on either side.


C 30. What type of reaction is shown?a. Precipitation c. Single replacementb. Neutralization d. Double replacement

ANSWER: CSingle Replacement element + compound goes to element + compoundwhere the element switches places with something from the compound.




A 31. Which graph best shows the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperatureas the gas pressure remains constant?

a. F c. Hb. G d. J

ANSWER: AThe relationship between volume and temperature is direct as one goes up,the other goes up; as one goes down, the other goes down. F is the choicethat shows this relationship.


B 32. Hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound. which is a correct Lewis dot structure for HCl?

a. c.

b. d.

ANSWER: BCl wants 8 dots, H only wants 2




B 33. Which is the best use for a fume hood?

a. Storing glassware c. Covering volatile compoundsb. Removing toxic vapors d. Mixing chemicals that release O2

ANSWER: BThe fume hood is the device in the back of the room that has the exhaust fanthat turns on when you flip on its light. It is designed to remove fumes thatare formed during a reaction.


D 34. Which of the following equations is balanced?a. Na + 2Cl ’ 2NaCl2 c. Na + Cl2’ 2NaClb. 2Na + Cl2 ’ 2NaCl2 d. 2Na + Cl2’ 2NaCl

ANSWER: DNa + 2Cl ’ 2NaCl2 Not enough Cl’s (2 to 4)2Na + Cl2 ’ 2NaCl2 Not enough Cl’s (2 to 4)Na + Cl2’ 2NaCl Too many Na’s (1 to 2)2Na + Cl2’ 2NaCl Just Right (2 Na’s and 2 Cl’s)


D 35. A bottle of chemical Q spills on the floor. According to the MSDS, what is the proper



response to this accident?a. Letting the chemical evaporate by blowing fans on the spill.b. Diluting the chemical with water, absorbing the liquid with inert material, and

disposing of it in the trash.c. Wiping up the chemical using paper towels and disposing of them in the trash.d. Absorbing the chemical with inert material and disposing of it in a chemical waste

container.

ANSWER: DTo solve this, we must look at the accidental spill instructions


C 36. The specific heat of aluminum is 0.900 . How much heat is required to raise the

temperature of a 30.0 g block of aluminum from 25.0oC to 75.0oC?a. 0.540 J b. 1.50 J c. 1350 J d. 1670 J

ANSWER: Cq=mcpT, so q = (30)(0.900)(50) = 1350

Another way to think about it if you don’t have the formula

We want our answers is J (since all choices end in J), we have a unit that is

in . If we multiply this unit by grams and °C, they would cancel out

these units and give us our answer in J. g x ( ) x °C


C 37. When an electric current is passed through water, the reaction shown takes place. If thearrow were pointing in the opposite direction, what type of reaction would the new reactionrepresent?a. Singlereplacement c. Synthesisb. Doublereplacement d. Decomposition

ANSWER: CTwo combine into 1, that is a synthesis or combination reaction

Decomp is when they break downSingle is element + compound > element + compound with someswitching



Double is compound + compound > compound + compound with someswitching


D 38. The picture shows a small section of elements from the periodic table. Which element hasone more proton than element X?a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

ANSWER: DAtomic numbers increase as you go across the periodic table and atomicnumber equals the number of protons. Therefore, 4 is in the spot that wouldbe the next highest atomic number on the periodic table and would have onemore proton.


C 39. If 1.0 mole of methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, what massof water is produced?a. 16 grams b. 18 grams c. 36 grams d. 44 grams

ANSWER: C

1 mol x = 2 mol x = 36 grams

H 1x2 = 2O 16x1=16 18


D 40. An example of a chemical property is a. mass of a substance per unit volume c. point where solid becomes liquidb. ability to dissolve in solution d. tendency to undergo oxidation

ANSWER: Dchange phases is a physical change point where solid becomes liquid is out



making solutions is a physical change ability to dissolve in solution is outmeasuring something’s mass and volume is physical mass of a substanceper unit volume is outoxidation is chemical since the oxidized substance is chemically changed(electrons are changed) tendency to undergo oxidation is the answer


A 41. Students want to separate and compare the components of black ink and green ink. whichtechnique is the best for the students to use?a. Chromatography c. Filtrationb. Decanting d. Evaporation

ANSWER: AChromatography separates phases using a mobile and a stationary phase. We conducted this experiment where the mobile phase was water and thestationary phase was chromatography paper. The inks separated as thewater rose up the paper.

Decanting pouring a liquid, leaving the solid behindFiltration using filter paper to separate a solid from a liquidEvaporation Heating a liquid so it evaporates and leaves the solid behind


C 42. When 80 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are dissolved in enough water to make 500 mL ofsolution, the molarity of the solution is a. 1 M b. 2 M c. 4 M d. 8 M

ANSWER: CMolarity (M) = mol/L

80g x = 2 mol M = 2 mol/0.500L = 4 M

Na 23 500 ml x =0.500

O 16H 1 40


A 43. What is the name for the compound CaSO4?a. Calcium sulfate c. Calcium sulfur oxideb. Calcium sulfide d. Calcium sulfur oxygen



ANSWER: AWe have three different elements, so most likely we are dealing with anionic compound with a polyatomic ion. Let us check, Ca is a metal, whichleaves SO4 as a polyatomic. Ca only has one oxidation number on theperiodic table (+2) so no roman numeral is needed. As a result, we need toname the metal, then name the polyatomic ion. Ca is calcium andpolyatomics end in ate or ite. Luckily, we only have one choice.


D 44. If the pH of a solution is 4, what is the pOH?a. 0 b. 6 c. 7 d. 10

ANSWER: DpH + pOH = 14, so144 = 10


C 45. A student attempts to measure the specific heat capacity of an unknown liquid through

repeated trials. She measures its specific heat capacity, in as 2.14, 2.11, 2.14, 2.12,

and 2.11. The specific heat capacity of the liquid should be recorded as

a. 2 c. 2.12

b. 2.1 d. 2.122

ANSWER: CWe need to average the numbers and look at the sig figs. So (2.14 + 2.11 +2.14 + 2.12 + 2.11)/5 = 2.124. Now we have to worry about significantfigures, since we are adding, we need to look at the decimal place. Sincethey all go to the hundredth spot, our answer should go to the hundredthspot. We do not need to worry about the five since it is an exact number.




B 46.

If the temperature changes from point M to point N, at constant pressure, compound Xundergoes a. one phase change c. three phase changesb. two phase changes d. no change in phase

ANSWER: BIt goes from a solid to a liquid, then from a liquid to a gas 2 phase changes


C 47. Which of these best describes the basis on which new scientific ideas are accepted orrejected?a. Popular support c. Compelling evidenceb. Historical support d. Moral and ethical beliefs

ANSWER: CYou have to have evidence that supports your hypothesis to either accept orreject it.

Just because something is popular doesn’t mean its right, history can also bewrong (the Earth is flat and is the center of the universe), and our beliefssometimes differ from science.


B 48. Based on its position in the periodic table, the element sulfur would be expected to havehow many valence electrons?a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16

ANSWER: B



It is in column 16 (remember if you ignore the 1 it tells you the # of dots orthe valence electrons)


B 49. The number of molecules in 48.0 grams of oxygen gas (O2) is a. 6.02 x 1023 c. 1.20 x 1024

b. 9.03 x 1023 d. 1.81 x 1024

ANSWER: B

48 g x = 1.5 mol x =9.03x1023


C 50. A student determined that the density of a sample of tin is 8.00 g/mL, when the actualdensity of tin is 7.28 g/mL. What was the percent error in the student’s calculation?a. 0.72% c. 9.9%b. 9.0% d. 91%

ANSWER: C(TE)/T x 100

(7.288)/7.28 x 100 = 9.89 % so the absolute value is 9.9 %POINTS: 1 / 1FEEDBACK: REF:

2009 chemistry released sol test...a 3. which of the following is the correct lewis electron dot...

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