Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 115 Allow about 30 minutes for this part

Use the multiple choice answer sheet

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval

completely.

Sample: 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new

answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then

indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

correct

A B C D

1 Which statement best describes enzymes?

(A) Products of metabolism

(B) Biological catalysts

(C) Metabolic waste

(D) Substrate molecules

2 Which of the following areas of study best supports the theory of evolution with modern

advancements in technology?

(A) Biogeography

(B) Comparative anatomy

(C) Comparative embryology

(D) Biochemistry

3 Which of the following does NOT affect enzyme activity?

(A) Changes in product concentration

(B) Changes in substrate concentration

(C) Changes in temperature

(D) Changes in pH

4 A shark and a dolphin have similar physical structures including dorsal fins, yet a shark is

a fish whereas a dolphin is a mammal.

Shark Dolphin

Which of the following best describes how these physical similarities resulted?

(A) Punctuated equilibrium

(B) Divergent evolution

(C) Convergent evolution

(D) Catastrophism

5 The following graph compares the ranges of internal body temperature between two

organisms.

Organism B

Organism A

Internal body temperature

Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion based on the above graph?

(A) Both organisms are endotherms

(B) Organism A is an ectotherm and organism B is an endotherm

(C) Organism A is an endotherm and organism B is an ectotherm

(D) Both organisms are ectotherms

6 The following pedigree is for a trait in a population.

For the allele responsible for the affected trait, which of the following patterns of

inheritance is consistent with this pedigree?

(A) Recessive but not sex-linked

(B) Dominant but not sex-linked

(C) Sex-linked recessive

(D) Sex-linked dominant

7 Which alternative correctly identifies the tissues that transport carbohydrates?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

8 Which of the following statements best describes Mendels work on inheritance?

(A) Genes on the X chromosome are sometimes responsible for genetic characteristics

(B) Chromosomes carry the factors that determine genetic characteristics

(C) Characteristics are determined by pairs of factors that are inherited independently

(D) Some genetic characteristics are controlled by factors that are co-dominant

9 How is oxygen transported around the body?

(A) It combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin

(B) It attaches itself to dissolved ions in the blood plasma

(C) It combines with water in red cells to form bicarbonate ions

(D) It forms tiny bubbles in the blood plasma

10 Forensic science can be used these days to identify suspects using their unique genetic

code, held in their DNA. Which of the following suspects would be the one wanted by

police if the only evidence they had was the following strand of mRNA?

GGAACUUCAU

(A) Suspect 1: DNA stand GGAACTTCAT

(B) Suspect 2: DNA strand GGAACUUCAU

(C) Suspect 3: DNA strand TTAAGTTGAT

(D) Suspect 4: DNA strand CCTTGAAGTA

Plant Animal

Xylem Lymph

Xylem Blood

Phloem Lymph

Phloem Blood

11 The diagram below shows a typical structure of a nephron.

Which part of the nephron does filtration occur?

(A) Proximal tubule

(B) Distal tubule

(C) Glomerulus

(D) Loop of Henle

12 The diagram below summarises the life cycle of a mammal.

Which process or processes will cause the variation in the genotype of the offspring?

(A) I only

(B) I and II

(C) III and IV

(D) IV only

13 An adaptation of the Eucalyptus tree for surviving the Australian climate is having a thick

waxy coating over the leaves. What is the main purpose of this adaptation?

(A) Temperature regulation

(B) Salt regulation

(C) Water regulation

(D) Acidity regulation

14 Current reproductive technologies and genetic engineering have the potential to alter the

path of evolution. However, this potential has yet to be achieved due to various forms of

setbacks. From these setbacks, which is the most significant in limiting the potential of

reproductive technologies and genetic engineering?

(A) The high cost of maintaining these reproductive technologies appropriately

(B) The low success rate of producing the desired organisms with the technology

(C) The fact that the desired organisms produced are infertile and do not live long

(D) The ethical issues arising from the development of reproductive technology

15 What is the difference between a variable and a control in a biology experiment?

(A) Variables are the factors which could change in an investigation whereas the

control is a standard against which results can be compared

(B) Variables can change in an experiment and controls are used to ensure that the

variables dont change too much

(C) Variables must be kept constant at all times in an experiment whereas controls can

vary and be compared to the variable

(D) Variables are the factors which influence the control such that the controls can be

standardised against the variables

Marks

2

3

Part B 85 marks Attempt Questions 1636 Allow about 2 hours and 30 minutes for this part

Answer the questions in the spaces provided

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations

Question 16 (5 marks)

Enzymes play a major role in bodily processes. Many factors influence the activity of

enzymes in the body.

(a) Outline the general chemical composition of an enzyme.

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(b) You performed a first-hand investigation to test the effect of changes in pH on

the activity of a named enzyme. Outline the procedure that you used.

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2

7

Question 17 (2 marks)

There are a broad range of temperatures over which life is found yet there are narrow limits

of temperature over which individual species are found. Explain the reason behind this.

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Question 18 (7 marks)

Name ONE example of an Australian endothermic animal and ONE example of an

Australian ectothermic animal, and summarise their responses to the following

environmental changes. Give your answer in the form of a table.

Change 1: The ambient temperature rises well above average daily temperature range

Change 2: The ambient temperature drops well below average daily temperature range

Endothermic animal:

Ectothermic animal: .

Marks

1

3

2

2

Question 19 (4 marks)

(a) Define the term haemoglobin.

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(b) Explain some adaptive advantages of haemoglobin.

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Question 20 (4 marks)

Medical science makes use of a wide range of technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of

disease.

(a) Describe a current technology that measures of oxygen saturation in blood.

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(b) Using an example of a condition for which it could be used, assess its importance.

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3

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Question 21 (6 marks)

The following diagram shows the longitudinal section of two vessels from a plant.

Vessel A Vessel B

(a) Identify vessel A and describe the current theory about processes responsible for the

movement of materials through this vessel.

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(b) Identify vessel B and describe the current theory about processes responsible for the

movement of materials through this vessel.

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2

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Question 22 (2 marks)

Describe the differences and similarities of homeostasis and enantiostasis.

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Question 23 (3 marks)

Compare and contrast the roles of aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone in regulation of

water and salt levels in the blood.

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Question 24 (3 marks)

A student performs a first-hand investigation of the structure of a mammalian kidney by

dissecting a sheeps kidney in the laboratory.

(a) Identify a potential hazard in this first-hand investigation.

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(b) Identify a method of minimising this hazard.

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(c) Briefly explain why this method minimises the hazard.

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3

3

Question 25 (3 marks)

The diagram below shows four homologous structures of the pentadactyl limb in four

different mammals from four different environments.

Assess the way these homologous structures support Darwin/Wallaces theory of evolution.

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Question 26 (3 marks)

All mutations are harmful.

Discuss this statement.

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2

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Question 27 (4 marks)

(a) Outline the historical development of theories of evolution.

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(b) Assess the extent of the social and political influences on these developments.

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Question 28 (4 marks)

(a) Describe an example of hybridisation within a species

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(b) Explain the purpose of this hybridisation.

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4

2

2

Question 29 (8 marks)

A particular disease is hereditary and is not sex-linked. Let the allele for the disease be D which is dominant over the normal allele denoted as d.

The pedigree below represents a family in which some members have the disease.

(a) Identify the genotypes of individuals 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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(b) Predict the expected percentage of affected children produced by individuals 4 and 5.

Justify your prediction.

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(c) The disease still exists in the population even though it is eventually fatal. Suggest

and explain a reason for this.

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Marks

3

3

Question 30 (3 marks)

During your Biology course, you performed a first-hand investigation to demonstrate the

effect of environment on phenotype. Describe the first-hand investigation you conducted.

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Question 31 (3 marks)

A researcher prepared a pedigree to trace a genetic disorder in a family.

It was concluded that the disorder was sex-linked. Assess the validity of this conclusion.

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Question 32 (3 marks)

With reference to specific examples in your Biology course, distinguish between dependent

and independent variables.

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Question 33 (4 marks)

Plant breeders have developed a new variety of terrestrial plant which has one structure that

appears to assist in water conservation in hot, dry environments.

Design a first-hand investigation the plant breeder could use to determine if this structure

assists in water conservation.

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4

Question 34 (4 marks)

James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklins and Maurice Wilkins contributed to

discovery of the structure of DNA.

Evaluate the impact of this discovery on current genetic technology.

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4

Question 35 (4 marks)

There has been a lot of debate about whether research in transgenic species should be

advanced and developed further into the future.

Discuss the ethical issues arising from the development and use of transgenic species.

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Marks

6

Question 36 (6 marks)

A student performed a first-hand investigation to demonstrate the effect of dissolved carbon

dioxide on the pH of water.

The student set up two beakers of equal volumes of water. One was labelled beaker A and

the other was labelled beaker B. Carbon dioxide was blown into beaker A of water using a

straw and beaker B was left untouched. A pH meter was used to measure pH in each of the

beakers at each one minute interval for up to five minutes. The student recorded the results

in the following table.

Time (minutes) pH of beaker A pH of beaker B

0 6.5 6.5

1 5.0 6.5

2 4.1 6.4

3 3.6 6.5

4 3.5 6.5

5 3.4 6.6

Draw an appropriate graph for the information of both beakers, on the grid provided.

End of Paper

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

1. A B C D

2. A B C D

3. A B C D

4. A B C D

5. A B C D

6. A B C D

7. A B C D

8. A B C D

9. A B C D

10. A B C D

11. A B C D

12. A B C D

13. A B C D

14. A B C D

15. A B C D