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Why do people migrate?Why do people migrate?

Chapter 3, Key Issue 1Chapter 3, Key Issue 1

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OverviewOverview

• Migration: permanent move to a new Migration: permanent move to a new locationlocation

• Net migration= immigration - emigrationNet migration= immigration - emigration

• Scale has increased in last 100 yearsScale has increased in last 100 years

• Globalization and Local diversity both Globalization and Local diversity both involvedinvolved

• Multiple reasons for migrationMultiple reasons for migration

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Net Migration RatesNet Migration Rates

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Ravenstein’s RulesRavenstein’s Rules

• 11 migration laws by E.G. Ravenstein11 migration laws by E.G. Ravenstein

• Divided into three areas:Divided into three areas:– Reasons for MigrationReasons for Migration– Distance of MigrationDistance of Migration– Characteristics of MigrationCharacteristics of Migration

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Reasons for MigrationReasons for Migration

• Push and Pull factorsPush and Pull factors

• Factors might be Economic, Cultural, or Factors might be Economic, Cultural, or EnvironmentalEnvironmental

• Often push pull factors work in tandemOften push pull factors work in tandem

• Intervening obstacles may block migrationIntervening obstacles may block migration

• Economic push/pull the major factor in Economic push/pull the major factor in migrationmigration

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Economic Push-Pull FactorsEconomic Push-Pull Factors

• People migrate for jobs, opportunity, or the People migrate for jobs, opportunity, or the occasional “freebie” such as land or occasional “freebie” such as land or undeveloped raw materialsundeveloped raw materials

• Migration to US and Canada, to Europe from Migration to US and Canada, to Europe from North Africa, cities from rural areas North Africa, cities from rural areas worldwideworldwide

• Internal and external migration patternsInternal and external migration patterns

• Some nations make laws to attract Some nations make laws to attract economic migrantseconomic migrants

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Homestead Act (USA)Homestead Act (USA)

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Cultural Push Pull FactorsCultural Push Pull Factors

• Can be a push factor as people are forced Can be a push factor as people are forced out of a nation or a pull factor as people are out of a nation or a pull factor as people are attracted to anotherattracted to another

• Refugees are an example of cultural push Refugees are an example of cultural push factorsfactors

• Settlers create cultural islands wherever Settlers create cultural islands wherever they settlethey settle

• Chinatown in SF, Ukrainians in Canadian Chinatown in SF, Ukrainians in Canadian prairie, Little Italy in NYCprairie, Little Italy in NYC

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Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors

• People will leave areas that are too cold, People will leave areas that are too cold, hot, wet, dry, etc. and migratehot, wet, dry, etc. and migrate

• This can be internal or externalThis can be internal or external

• Movement can be by desire or by Movement can be by desire or by environmental calamityenvironmental calamity

• Floods, hurricanes, etc. can lead to a Floods, hurricanes, etc. can lead to a permanent migrationpermanent migration

• People can also move due to retirement, etc.People can also move due to retirement, etc.

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Dust bowl evacuationDust bowl evacuation

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Intervening ObstaclesIntervening Obstacles

• Bodies of water, cost, legal issues are all Bodies of water, cost, legal issues are all intervening obstacles that block migrationintervening obstacles that block migration

• Many are environmentalMany are environmental

• Recent obstacles include visas and Recent obstacles include visas and permission to enter a countrypermission to enter a country

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Ellis IslandEllis Island

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Distance of MigrationDistance of Migration

• Internal MigrationInternal Migration– Interregional MigrationInterregional Migration– Intraregional MigrationIntraregional Migration

• International MigrationInternational Migration– Voluntary MigrationVoluntary Migration– Forced MigrationForced Migration

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Internal MigrationInternal Migration

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International MigrationInternational Migration

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Forced MigrationForced Migration

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Characteristic of MigrantsCharacteristic of Migrants

• Most tend to be male adults migrating Most tend to be male adults migrating without childrenwithout children

• Some characteristics are changing due to Some characteristics are changing due to large movements of populationlarge movements of population

• Migrants tend to lack formal educationMigrants tend to lack formal education

• 25-39 year old males25-39 year old males

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US Mexico BorderUS Mexico Border