2007 virginia farm bureau annual convention development of low lin and other value-added soy...

2007 Virginia Farm Bureau2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Annual Convention

Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added

Soy Varieties for VirginiaSoy Varieties for Virginia

Dr. Katy Martin RaineyDr. Katy Martin Rainey

Crop Genetics GroupCrop Genetics Group

Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences DepartmentCrop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department

Virginia TechVirginia Tech

2007 Virginia Farm Bureau2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Annual Convention

Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added

Soy Varieties for VirginiaSoy Varieties for Virginia

Dr. Katy Martin RaineyDr. Katy Martin Rainey

Crop Genetics GroupCrop Genetics Group

Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences DepartmentCrop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department

Virginia TechVirginia Tech

http://cropgenetics.vt.cses.eduhttp://cropgenetics.vt.cses.edu

Soybean Breeding @ VTSoybean Breeding @ VTSoybean Breeding @ VTSoybean Breeding @ VT F1

F2

F3

F4

Regional Cooperative

Tests

Maturity Group 3Maturity Group 3




Soybean Breeding @ VTSoybean Breeding @ VTSoybean Breeding @ VTSoybean Breeding @ VT

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Molecular Markers for DNA genotyping

Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VT

TraitsTraitsTraitsTraits

• Value-added Soybean = Specialty SoybeanValue-added Soybean = Specialty Soybean• Value-added Soybean = Specialty SoybeanValue-added Soybean = Specialty Soybean


What are Specialty Soybeans?What are Specialty Soybeans?• In the eyes of the buyerIn the eyes of the buyer

• Output traitsOutput traits

• Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturerDriven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer

• Earn a premium over commodity priceEarn a premium over commodity price• Usually short-termUsually short-term

• Cost more to produce Cost more to produce

• Require alternative marketing and delivery channelsRequire alternative marketing and delivery channels

What are Specialty Soybeans?What are Specialty Soybeans?• In the eyes of the buyerIn the eyes of the buyer

• Output traitsOutput traits

• Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturerDriven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer

• Earn a premium over commodity priceEarn a premium over commodity price• Usually short-termUsually short-term

• Cost more to produce Cost more to produce

• Require alternative marketing and delivery channelsRequire alternative marketing and delivery channels


Breeding for Specialty Traits…Breeding for Specialty Traits…

• Selecting for Selecting for yieldyield andand special traitsspecial traits

• Quality traits sometimes more important than yieldQuality traits sometimes more important than yield

• Resource-intensiveResource-intensive

• Varieties have longevityVarieties have longevity

• Exploit a nicheExploit a nicheGermplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease

Breeding for Specialty Traits…Breeding for Specialty Traits…

• Selecting for Selecting for yieldyield andand special traitsspecial traits

• Quality traits sometimes more important than yieldQuality traits sometimes more important than yield

• Resource-intensiveResource-intensive

• Varieties have longevityVarieties have longevity

• Exploit a nicheExploit a nicheGermplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease

Edamame Edamame Bacterial PustuleBacterial Pustule

• Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)

• Low PhytateLow Phytate

• Food-grade Food-grade

• Bioactive compounds Bioactive compounds




• Bioactive compounds Bioactive compounds


OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline





• Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds




• Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds

trend

regional concern

regional niche

expertise

OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline

Low Linolenic Fatty AcidLow Linolenic Fatty AcidLow Linolenic Fatty AcidLow Linolenic Fatty Acid








Currently no low lin varieties later than maturity group 3.

Low lin oil must be below 3% linolenic fatty acid.



ObjectivesObjectives

• To develop a maturity group 4 To develop a maturity group 4 low lin soybean variety, that is low lin soybean variety, that is adapted to Virginia and the Mid-adapted to Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region, with herbicide Atlantic region, with herbicide tolerance.tolerance.

•Promote healthier and more Promote healthier and more valuable soybean oil by valuable soybean oil by elimination of need for elimination of need for hydrogenation.hydrogenation.



• Better Bean Initiative Better Bean Initiative

• Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test

• Adapted germplasm Adapted germplasm

• Environmental influenceEnvironmental influence

• Better Bean Initiative Better Bean Initiative



• Environmental influenceEnvironmental influence



• Better Bean InititativeBetter Bean Inititative



• Environmental influence=local adaptationEnvironmental influence=local adaptation

• Better Bean InititativeBetter Bean Inititative



• Environmental influence=local adaptationEnvironmental influence=local adaptation

YearYear MeanMean ARAR KYKY MDMD MOMO MOMO TNTN VAVA

20052005 3.23.2 3.13.1 3.13.1 3.53.5 3.33.3 3.13.1 3.33.3 --

20062006 4.04.0 4.24.2 4.34.3 4.24.2 3.53.5 3.43.4 3.83.8 4.34.3

% Lin for Virginia Tech Variety



Local adaptationLocal adaptation


V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidYieldYield Average Relative YieldAverage Relative Yield

2006-VA2006-VA 50.550.5 103103

2005-VA2005-VA 46.846.8 109109

2005-KY2005-KY 63.063.0 106106

2003-20042003-2004 49.249.2 Ranking fourth: Ranking fourth: AR, KS, AR, KS,

KY, MD, MO, TN, VAKY, MD, MO, TN, VA

2007: 105%


V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

Brand VarietyAvg. Rel.

Yield # SitesAvg. Rel.

Yield # SitesUSG 5002T 5.0 112 9 114 6USG 7553nRS 5.5 RR/STS 108 12 110 9Virginia V98-9005 108 15 108 15Virginia V98-2711 107 20 107 15Asgrow AG5605 5.6 RR/STS 106 17 106 12Asgrow AG5905 5.9 RR 106 6 106 6Public Teejay 5.3 107 25 106 15USG 5601T 5.6 106 23 104 15

2004-20062002-2006Herbicide

ResistanceRelative

MG


V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

• Purple Seed Stain ResistancePurple Seed Stain Resistance• Higher protein: 44.7% dryHigher protein: 44.7% dry• MG VMG V• Not RRNot RR

Release for 2008Release for 2008

V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty AcidV98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

• Purple Seed Stain ResistancePurple Seed Stain Resistance• Higher protein: 44.7% dryHigher protein: 44.7% dry• MG VMG V• Not RRNot RR

Release for 2008Release for 2008


V98-9005: V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers

V98-9005: V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers

without GAT

with GAT


V98-9005: V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005: V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

V98-9005V98-9005

Low LinLow Lin

Low SaturatedLow Saturated Mid OleicMid Oleic


Other Low Lin linesOther Low Lin linesOther Low Lin linesOther Low Lin lines

line05-06

yield maturity

05-06

% linolenic RR

V01-1693 47.9 35 3.6 yes

V01-1702 50.3 37 3.9 yes

5601T 43.5 39 6.6

5002T 49.5 34 8.4

2007: 107%


Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3%Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3%

F1

F2

F3

F4

funded by VDACSfunded by VDACSfunded by VDACSfunded by VDACS

Parental varieties:• Maryland• NC• Missouri


Low Linolenic SoybeansLow Linolenic Soybeans

• Eliminate need for hydrogenationEliminate need for hydrogenation

• Regional adaptation for FA content Regional adaptation for FA content

• Release 4% and 3.5%RR varietiesRelease 4% and 3.5%RR varieties

• V98-9005 GAT V98-9005 GAT

• Germplasm for other FA traitsGermplasm for other FA traits

• Using Molecular MarkersUsing Molecular Markers

Low Linolenic SoybeansLow Linolenic Soybeans

• Eliminate need for hydrogenationEliminate need for hydrogenation

• Regional adaptation for FA content Regional adaptation for FA content

• Release 4% and 3.5%RR varietiesRelease 4% and 3.5%RR varieties

• V98-9005 GAT V98-9005 GAT

• Germplasm for other FA traitsGermplasm for other FA traits

• Using Molecular MarkersUsing Molecular Markers


Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate SoybeansReduce Phytate Reduce Phytate Increase Available P Increase Available P

Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed

Reduce P in ManureReduce P in Manure

Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate SoybeansReduce Phytate Reduce Phytate Increase Available P Increase Available P

Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed

Reduce P in ManureReduce P in Manure

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.


Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate SoybeansReduce P in ManureReduce P in Manure

Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate SoybeansReduce P in ManureReduce P in Manure

ChesapeakeBay watershed


Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate Soybeans

Low Phytate Soybeans - Low Phytate Soybeans - Unique Source!Unique Source!Low Phytate Soybeans - Low Phytate Soybeans - Unique Source!Unique Source!


ObjectivesObjectives

• Move the traits into high-Move the traits into high-yielding germplasm in a range of yielding germplasm in a range of maturity groups.maturity groups.

• Characterize traits for Characterize traits for inheritance, germination, feed inheritance, germination, feed qualities, molecular markers, qualities, molecular markers, etc.etc.

In collaboration with the Maroof lab.

Data from Maroof lab, in publication

Phytate† Total P

(mg g-1) (mg g-1)CX1834-1-6 8.58 ± 0.43 5.46 46 44.9 ± 10.5M766 11.82 ± 0.09 6.57 46 16.0 ± 4.8V99-5089 9.91 ± 0.46 6 46 51.5 ± 3.21Essex 13.07 ± 0.31 4.91 76 86.7 ± 4.1Hutcheson 13.38 ± 0.16 5.8 65 74.0 ± 6.0

Genotypes% of Total P as Phytate-P

2006 Seedling emergence (%)





Yield 2006Yield 2006

bu/acbu/ac rankrank

TeeJayTeeJay 36.836.8 33

V03-5906V03-5906 23.0923.09 2727

V03-5901V03-5901 25.9125.91 2323


Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate Soybeans

• Reduces nutrient pollution Reduces nutrient pollution

• Unique source of trait at VTUnique source of trait at VT

• Several seasons away from a high-yielding varietySeveral seasons away from a high-yielding variety

• Marker Development Marker Development

Low Phytate SoybeansLow Phytate Soybeans

• Reduces nutrient pollution Reduces nutrient pollution

• Unique source of trait at VTUnique source of trait at VT

• Several seasons away from a high-yielding varietySeveral seasons away from a high-yielding variety

• Marker Development Marker Development


Food-grade SoybeansFood-grade SoybeansFood-grade SoybeansFood-grade Soybeans

• Small-seeded nattoSmall-seeded natto

• Large-seeded tofuLarge-seeded tofu

• Small-seeded nattoSmall-seeded natto

• Large-seeded tofuLarge-seeded tofu

Natto small-seeded soybeansNatto small-seeded soybeans

• Local nicheLocal niche

• High premiumsHigh premiums

• Source material within the programSource material within the program

• MFS-591 dominant MFS-591 dominant

• New traits and methods of evaluation and selectionNew traits and methods of evaluation and selection

• MarkersMarkers

Natto small-seeded soybeansNatto small-seeded soybeans

• Local nicheLocal niche

• High premiumsHigh premiums

• Source material within the programSource material within the program

• MFS-591 dominant MFS-591 dominant

• New traits and methods of evaluation and selectionNew traits and methods of evaluation and selection

• MarkersMarkers


Examining new traits Examining new traits

• Water absorptionWater absorption

• Water Loss after steamingWater Loss after steaming

• Rate of water uptakeRate of water uptake

• Seed coat crackingSeed coat cracking

Examining new traits Examining new traits

• Water absorptionWater absorption

• Water Loss after steamingWater Loss after steaming

• Rate of water uptakeRate of water uptake

• Seed coat crackingSeed coat cracking


Gene vs. Environment Gene vs. Environment

• 7 locations7 locations

• 2 years2 years

• Double Crop vs. Full SeasonDouble Crop vs. Full Season

Gene vs. Environment Gene vs. Environment

• 7 locations7 locations

• 2 years2 years

• Double Crop vs. Full SeasonDouble Crop vs. Full Season

Large-seeded soybeansLarge-seeded soybeans

• Tofu, soymilk, edamameTofu, soymilk, edamame

• High protein and sucroseHigh protein and sucrose

• Lower yieldingLower yielding

• Organic traits ?Organic traits ?

Large-seeded soybeansLarge-seeded soybeans

• Tofu, soymilk, edamameTofu, soymilk, edamame

• High protein and sucroseHigh protein and sucrose

• Lower yieldingLower yielding

• Organic traits ?Organic traits ?


Objective: Find new markets for existing linesObjective: Find new markets for existing lines

Large-seeded soybeansLarge-seeded soybeansLarge-seeded soybeansLarge-seeded soybeans


Name Yield Size Protein

V03-2192 51.1 26.6 39.8V02-2675 51.1 24.3 38.9MFL-159 46.3 25.6 40.5Teejay 49.9 17.3 39.0

Average of 25 entries

25.1 44.8 39.4

Name Yield Size Protein Suc

V95-7456 43.1 23.8 41.4 7.1V99-5949 41.8 21.0 41.0 7.5MFL-552 38.2 21.7 41.9 7.0

Hutcheson 42.0 13.9 41.4 6.1Average of 13

entries41.0 22.3 41.2 7.5

20032003

20062006

Bioactive Compounds in SoybeanBioactive Compounds in Soybean

• Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicalsAntioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals

• Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumesIsoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes

• Initial data show difference between varieties in VirginiaInitial data show difference between varieties in Virginia

Bioactive Compounds in SoybeanBioactive Compounds in Soybean

• Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicalsAntioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals

• Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumesIsoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes

• Initial data show difference between varieties in VirginiaInitial data show difference between varieties in Virginia


funded by VDACSfunded by VDACSfunded by VDACSfunded by VDACS

Prevent chronic diseases

Cancer

CHD

Neurological

Antioxidants

Membrane Lipid

DNA

Protein

oxidative stress

Protect cells

O2-, HOO

H2O2, HO

Research in collaboration with Kevin Zhou, Dept

Food Science and Tech.

Research in collaboration with Kevin Zhou, Dept

Food Science and Tech.

Other Objectives:Other Objectives:

• Yield !!!Yield !!!

• RR2YieldRR2Yield

• Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance

• EarlinessEarliness

• Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity

Other Objectives:Other Objectives:

• Yield !!!Yield !!!

• RR2YieldRR2Yield

• Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance

• EarlinessEarliness

• Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity

Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary

Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary

• Low Linolenic Low Linolenic


• Food-GradeFood-Grade

• Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds





Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary - Varieties

Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary - Varieties









1-2 years

5 years out

ongoing

preliminary

Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary - Molecular Markers

Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSpecialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary - Molecular Markers





could use

in development

Currently using for herbicide tolerance

STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN BREEDINGBREEDING

STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN BREEDINGBREEDING

• Cultivars releasedCultivars released• Public (4)Public (4)• Industry (many)Industry (many)

• SSR markersSSR markers• Public (common use)Public (common use)• Industry (common use)Industry (common use)

• SNP markers SNP markers • Public (initial use)Public (initial use)• Industry (common use)Industry (common use)

• Cultivars releasedCultivars released• Public (4)Public (4)• Industry (many)Industry (many)

• SSR markersSSR markers• Public (common use)Public (common use)• Industry (common use)Industry (common use)

• SNP markers SNP markers • Public (initial use)Public (initial use)• Industry (common use)Industry (common use)

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

cost /datum

CURRENT SITUATION

SSR

SNP

SSR

SSR

RFLP

Figure 1. Schematic of the Haplotype Effort

Identify additional SNPsin gene or QTL containing

regions

Haplotype QTL containingregions in known sources

of positive allele

Confirm QTL regions Study allelic diversity

Fine map QTL regions (when possible)

Haplotype all known germplasm that is positive for the trait

Make crosses with sourcesthat have a high potential

for having new alleles

Conduct genetic mappingin the sources with

potentially novel alleles

Identify sources of novel alleles, initiate breeding for QTL

Build genotyping kits; deliver through the SBT &regional genotyping centers

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

EVARECEVAREC Virginia TechVirginia Tech FundingFunding

Lin BarrackLin Barrack Glenn BussGlenn Buss United Soybean Board United Soybean Board

Virginia Soybean BoardVirginia Soybean BoardMary BeahmMary Beahm David CookDavid Cook

Raymond CorbinRaymond Corbin Laura MaupinLaura Maupin VDACS Specialty VDACS Specialty

Agriculture Research GrantAgriculture Research GrantJim DavisJim Davis Tom PridgenTom Pridgen

‘‘Scooter’ DunawayScooter’ Dunaway Dr. M.A. Saghai-Maroof and labDr. M.A. Saghai-Maroof and lab

Bob PitmanBob Pitman Dr. David HolshouserDr. David Holshouser

Mark VaughnMark Vaughn

2007 virginia farm bureau annual convention development of low lin and other value-added soy...

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