2007 issue 4-5 - the history of jamestown - counsel of chalcedon
TRANSCRIPT
8/11/2019 2007 Issue 4-5 - The History of Jamestown - Counsel of Chalcedon
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8/11/2019 2007 Issue 4-5 - The History of Jamestown - Counsel of Chalcedon
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he
History
of
Janwsto wn
for defense and breaking out
the firearms, which had been
crated until
then. Survival
would henceforth call for
defensive diligence as well as
trade with their
antagonists. By
the winter of 1607, more than
one hundred of the settlers had
died from drinking polluted
river water, murder by Indians,
and
starvation-related diseases.
The
majority
of the remaining
Englishmen refused to work or
take steps
to ensure
their own
survival. The council
members
deposed
President Wingfield
and
placed John Smith in
charge
of
securing
supplies,
building of houses, and
developing favorable relations
with the naturals.
The new
president
John
Ratcliffe,
ordered Smith to establish
trade relations with down-
river tribes, and
his
efforts
met with great success. Smith
learned
enough
Algonquin
to strike hard bargains with
the
weroances for food. He
also forced the colonists to
work
hard
at
keeping
up
their
gardens, homes,
and
the fort.
In December of 1607, Smith
was seized by warriors during
a river expedition
and
was
brought face-to-face with the
great chief of the Powhatans
at
the native's capitol,
Werowocomoco. According
to Smith's own poignant
account of this event,
he
was
saved from execution by one
of Wahunsenacah's young
daughters Pocahontas.
The following
year
of 1608
brought several infusions of
new settlers to the struggling
colony and saw the election of
John
Smith
as president. Smith
spent
months exploring and
mapping
the Chesapeake region
and
conducting
both
diplomacy
and
hard bargaining
with the
Powhatans. During the
one
year that he served as leader
of the colony, John
Smith
brought
order
and
discipline
to
Jamestown,
implementing
the
policy, he who will not
work, shall not eat. In late
summer, a new charter arrived
from England and George
Percy became president;
another gentleman whose
incompetence resulted in the
horrible Starving Time which
saw
many
die from hunger.
After suffering a gunpowder
injury, John
Smith returned
to
England
in
October of 1609
leaving five hundred Virginia
colonists
behind. Within six
months
only
sixty
men were
stil l alive.
The
colonists' struggles
continued.
The
new Lt.
Governor,
Thomas
Gates,
arrived at Jamestown
in May
of 1610. After viewing
the
wretched and
apparently
hopeless condition of
the
settlement, he
soon
resolved
to
return to England. Upon
their departure the colonists
buried their cannon and set
out for the mother country
on June 7 As the dispirited
colonists sailed for home,
they
were providentially
met
by the
arriving relief expedition led
by
the new Governor Thomas
West, Lord De
La
Warr.
This
merciful Providence of
God
was obvious for all
to see and
was even
recorded
in a
tract
published
later
that year
in
England
by the
Virginia
Company, which read:
.for if God
had not
sent
Sir Thomas
Gates from
the
Bermudas within four days,
they had
been
almost
famished;
if
God had not
directed the
heart of that noble Knight to
save the Fort from firing
at
their
shipping, for many were
very
importunate to have burnt it,
they had
been
destitute of a
present
harbor and succor; if
they had abandoned
the Fort
any longer time, and had not
soon
returned
questionless the
Indians
would have dest royed
the Fort, which had been the
means of our safety amongst
them and a terror. f they
had set sail sooner and
had
launched into the vast ocean
who would have promised that
they
should have encountered
the Fleet of Lord La Ware,
especially when they made
for New found land, as
they
intended
a course contrary
to
our Navy's approaching.
f the
Lord
la
Ware had
not brought
with
him a year's provision,
what comfort would those
souls have received, to have
been relanded to a
second
destruction? (From John
Smith's Generall Historie of
Virginia)
Governor West ruled with
resolve, as well as with
occasional violence, and
eventually restored
Jamestown
to a
healthy
condition. He,
however, was forced to leave
nine months later due to ill
health. The new Lieutenant
governor, the uncompromising
Thomas Dale, arrived in May
1611
with
three
hundred more
settlers. The English were there
to stay.
Thomas Dale's influential four
year tenure brought about
economic stability based
on tobacco production and
exportation. Entrepreneur John
Rolfe successfully cultivated
various strains
of the noxious
The Gonftsel
of
Gha.lcedon
8/11/2019 2007 Issue 4-5 - The History of Jamestown - Counsel of Chalcedon
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leaf, and
by
1617 the plant was
grown all
around
even in
the
streets of Ja111estown.
By
the
year 1618,
the
oolonists were
shipping forty
thousand pounds
of tobaooo
to
England.
In 1613, Pooahontas was
kidnapped by the ruthless ship
oaptain Sanluel Argall
and
held hostage for the return of
English oaptives
and
stolen
goods. Even
this
unexpeoted
Providenoe worked to
the
glory of God, for
the n g l i s h ~
speaking
prinoess responded
in faith upon
hearing
the
Gospel,
and
eventually
married
John Rolfe
in
April 1614,
She later bore a son whose
nU111erous
desoendants· today
look with thanksgiving
upon
their
perspioaoious and heroio
grandmother,
The
year
1619 proved
to be one
of the
most
iIllportant in
the
history of
the
oolony and for
the future of Al11erioa. In April
of
that
year, Governor Thol11as
Yeardley
brought the Virginia.
Company's nlost reoent
oharter
whioh oalled for a legislative
assembly
and
allowed for
the
private ownership of land.
Also
in that
year,
the
oOll1pany
Wisely
sent
a
ship
of l11aidens
to
Jamestown to
provide
wives for
the
oolonists, thus
ensuring its survival
through
births rather than oonstant
1l1ale
inll11igration.
By 1620,
the English
population
in
Virginia stood
at
around 2,200.
Additionally,
in
1619, a Dutoh
ship left twenty Afrioans
to
work
the
plantations perhaps
as
indentured
servants. By
the
end of the oentury, slavery
had
beoome institutionalized in
Virginia and all the oolonies.
Though
the
oolony was
IMa king the NaLion s
Christ s
D isciples
growing, conflict
between the
tribes and the settlers
see111ed
ende111io. In
1618,
the great
chief
of
the Powhatans
died.
Over
the
previous eleven years,
few if
any
of
the
original
goals of
the
Virginia
C0111pany
had been met, including
suocessful evangelization of
the
native peoples.
The
two
cultures
re111ained separate
and
at
odds as the Englislll11en
nl0ved
further
inland. In
1622, the new para1110unt
chief, Opechancanough
led
a
nlurderous
o l o n y ~ w i d e attaok
in an
attel11pt
to annihilate
all
the
settlel11ents
and
plantations
along
the Ja111eS
and
York Rivers. More
than
three hundred people were
l11assacred.
The oounterattack
by
the
English was just
as ferocious
and to add to
everyone's woes, plague and
fa111ine
broke out a1110ng
both
antagonists. Finally,
in
April
1623,
the Powhatan chief sued
for peace saying, blud enough
had
already
been
shedd
on both
sides.
The
English
founders
of
Virginia were 111en of flesh and
blood. They faced trel11endous
hardships and nl0st of thel11
died within a year of landing.
Nonetheless
God
in His
wisd0111
had ordained
that
they suoceed
at great
cost and establish free,
representative
govenll11ent
in
North America.
Through the
sacrificial efforts of a
tough
but
wise soldier of fortune
in John
Sl11ith, a gifted
and persistent
Christian
businessl11an
in John
Rolfe,
an extraordinary Indian
princess
in
Pocahontas and a
diverse
c0111pany
of
other
folk,
Providence
secured
a
future
nation.
The
Ilist01:V
f Jarnesto l.Q)ft