© 2007 dehn + söhne / protected by iso 16016 exfs 100 · pdf filedifferent lightning...
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© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100 11.12.07 / 5392
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Ex Isolating Spark Gaps
EXFS 100 (923 100)and
EXFS 100 KU (923 101)
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100; Part No. 923 100 Product description / Specifications
14.01.08 / 5240e
Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 kA
Class of lightning currentcarrying capability: H
Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 kA
Rated impulse sparkovervoltage (1.2/50 µs): ≤≤≤≤ 1250 V
Power frequency sparkovervoltage (50Hz): ≤≤≤≤ 500 V
Rated short-duration power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V
Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 s
With M10x25 connection bolt and spring washer on both sides
Gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6Dusts: II 2D Ex tD A21 IP67 T 80°C
Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100 according to EN 50164-3 for lightning equipotential bonding according to IEC 62305-3,especially for use in hazardous areas on account of explosive gas or dust atmospheres in zone 1 / 2 or 21 / 22.ATEX-certified (94/9/EG)
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
(17) Special conditions for safe use None
Document:BVS 06 ATEX E 099
EXAM BBG Prüf- und Zertifizier GmbH
EC-Type Examination Certificate forEXFS 100 (KU); Part No. 923 100 (923 101)
14.01.08 / 5237
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Ex isolating spark gaps
Examples of use
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100; Part No. 923 100Application environment
14.01.08 / 5242e
Isolating spark gaps or protective spark gaps are supposed to establish a galvanic isolation of electric parts of the installation, which are not connected with each other under normal operating conditions.
- Specific applications:• for establishing a galvanic isolation of insulating
flanges and insulated couplings (e.g. fuel pipes) • Cathodic corrosion protection of tanks• Cathodic corrosion protection of pipelines• Lightning equipotential bonding of gas pressure regulation stations
Assembly:Isolating spark gaps can be mounted between the parts of the installation to be bridged by means of brackets or connectors. When mounting isolating sparks, the shortest possible cable length should be used as long cables increase the danger of inductive voltages putting unnecessary stress on the isolation.
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Ex isolating spark gap EXFS 100; Part No. 923 100Application
14.01.08 / 5238e
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EXFS 100
Cathodic corrosion protection of tank installations
building earth
–
+
~
14.01.08 / 5300e
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Insulating flange of fuel or product pipelines
insulating flange
insulating flange
gas pressure regulator
14.01.08 / 5303e
EXFS 100
EXFS 100
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
ground
16 mm² Cu
earth-termination system
14.01.08 / 5305e_c
detail
EXFS 100
cathodiccorrosion protection
Installation of EXFS 100
electric actuator, e.g. MOV (motor operated valve)
Insulatingflange
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Ex isolating spark gaps EXFS 100 (KU)Application
Reference: Schwelm Anlagentechnik GmbH, Austria
14.01.08 / 5317e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
5 Steps for selection and correct installation
of Ex isolating Spark Gaps in accordance with
AfK Recommendation No. 5Edition: 2010
andIEC 62561-3:2011 (81/387/CDV)
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
DEHN + SÖHNEGMBH + CO.KG
HANS-DEHN-STR. 1POSTFACH 1640D-92306 NEUMARKTTEL. +49 9181 906 401FAX +49 9181 906 55 401
SALES DEPT. INDUSTRYMARKET MANAGERLIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION
Manfred Kienlein
eMail: [email protected]: http://www.dehn.de
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
1. StepLightning Protection Level (LPL)
acc. to IEC 62305-1
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Risk of lighting strikes and overvoltage for pipelinesCurrent distribution
S1
When lightning strikes a pipeline, the lightning current is evenly distributed in both directions (50:50 rule). This means that the following maximum parameters must be taken into account for the spark gapand its installation environment
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters
In the following the maximum values of the first short stroke for the different lightning protection levels (LPL) (see Table 5 of IEC 62305-1) are used. The lightning protection level is used to implement protection measures according to the relevant set of lightning current parameters.
The parameters for the subsequent negative short stroke are neglected since no significantly high current steepness is to be expected (values based on experience over the last decades) if lightning current is coupled (galvanic coupling) into the pipeline at the place of installation of the spark gap (insulating piece).
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK -
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Symbol Unit I II III IV
I kA 200 150
Qshort C 100 75
W/R MJ/ΩΩΩΩ 10 5.6
LPL
µs/µs 10/350
100
50
2.5
Ref.: Excerpt from IEC 62305-1:2006-1, Table 5
T1/T2
AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parametersCurrent parameters
Peak current
Short stroke charge
Specific energy
Time parameters
First short stroke
Average steepness di/dt kA/µs 20 15 10
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK No. 5 and IEC 62305-1
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Symbol Unit I II III IV
I kA 100 75
Qshort C 50 37.5
W/R MJ/ΩΩΩΩ 5 2.8
LPL
µs/µs 10/350
50
25
1.25
Maximum lightning current parameters for connecting cables
T1/T2
AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters
Current parameters
Peak current
Short stroke charge
Specific energy
Time parameters
First short stroke
When lightning strikes a pipeline, the lightning current is evenly distributed in both directions (50:50 rule). This means that the following maximum parameters must be taken into account for the spark gap and its installation environment:
Average steepness di/dt kA/µs 10 7.5 5
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK No. 5 and IEC 62305-1
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Lightning current parameters
Thus, in the following the average steepness of the first short stroke is used for assessing the voltage drop in all connecting cables.
It is certainly possible that lightning directly strikes the insulating piece orthe spark gap. This, however, needs to be prevented by taking adequateexternal lightning protection measures in accordance with IEC 62305-3.
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK -
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
2. Stepvoltage withstand capability of
insulating jointsacc. AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Two classifications:
Class 1 UPW : 5 kVrms
Class 2 UPW : 2.5 kVrms
AfK recommendation No. 5:
22.12.2010 / 5321e_e
Voltage withstand capability of insulating joints
UPW
Insulating joint
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
3. Stepconnection cable length
acc. AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Depending on the max. current steepnessof the first short stroke for the relevant class of LPS (LPL) and the connecting cable length, the electric strength of the insulating piece might be exceeded due to the voltage drop across the connecting cable.
This might already occur (based on a class I insulating piece and class of LPS I ) for a cable length of more than 300 mm (for this reason the standard connecting cable lengths are limited to 300mm).
22.12.2010 / 5320e_a_MAK
Max. cable length of connection cables
Note:Connection cable min. 16 mm² Cu or equal
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
(di/dt)max
(di/dt)max
L
R
of the connecting cable
Ref.: Hasse, P.: Überspannungsschutz für Niederspannungsanlagen, TÜV - Verlag GmbH, Köln, 1998
Ex isolating spark gaps Connecting cable lengths
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
4. Stepselection of spark gap
acc. AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Selection and installation
Adequate explosion-proof isolating spark gaps should feature the following characteristics:
• Tested in accordance with IEC 62561 -3
• Lightning current carrying capability: class H or N
• d.c. sparkover voltage: > 600 V 1)
• 100 % lightning impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): ≤≤≤≤ 1.25 kV
1) Normally > Û at the place of installation
Ex isolating spark gapstechnical data
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Selection and installation
Adequate explosion-proof isolating spark gaps should feature the following characteristics:
• Rated discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 kA
• Lightning impulse current Iimp (10/350 µs): 100 kA (H), 50 kA (N)
• Rated withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V 1)
1) Normally > Û at the place of installation
Ex isolating spark gaps technical data
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Selection and installation
Adequate explosion-proof isolating spark gaps should feature the following characteristics:
• Rated alternating discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5s 2)
• IECEx and ATEX certification for the relevant hazardous zone at the place of installation
2) Max. discharge current in case of interference at the place of installation
Ex isolating spark gaps technical data
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
5. Stepcoordination
spark gap to insulating joints acc. AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Mode of Operation of Ex isolating Spark Gaps
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
EXTINGUISH
Isolate = “Circuit open“During normal operation the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap has a high resistance (> 500 kOhms). Normal operation of the system is thus not compromised.
Trigger = “Circuit closes“As soon as the sparkover voltage Uag or Uas is reached, the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap immediately triggers and reduces the voltage to a safe level.
Discharge = “Circuit closed“After the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap triggered, it discharges the energy content of the interference pulse without posing a risk to the environment.
Extinguish = “Circuit opens“After the energy of the interference pulse has been discharged, the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap extinguishes and changes back to normal operation. The original electrical characteristics are retained and the system is protected again.
DISCHARGE
TRIGGER
ISOLATE
Ex isolating spark gaps Mode of operation
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating joints
Coordination between the insulating clearance of the insulating joints and the associated spark gap is to ensure that the discharge process following a lightning discharge is performed via the spark gap and not via the insulating clearance of the insulating joints .
The isolating spark gap thus represents a defined flashover point which prevents discharge with uncontrolled sparking. At the same time, ignition of an explosive atmosphere is prevented.
Coordination during lightning discharge is basically ensured if the voltagecaused by the discharge process does not reach the value of the electric strength across the insulation of the insulating joints .
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in compliance with AfK -
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Voltage characteristic for insulating joints in case of lightning effects (schematic)
insulating joints
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Trigger = “Circuit closes“As soon as the sparkover voltage Uag or Uas is reached, the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap immediately triggers and reduces the voltage to a safe level.
TRIGGER
Ex isolating spark gaps “Trigger“ function
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating joints
The following requirements are to be fulfilled to ensure insulation coordination:
The impulse sparkover voltage Uas (1.2 / 50 µs) of the spark gap must be 50 % smaller than the r.m.s. power-frequency test voltage UPW of the insulating joints .Requirement: Uas <= UPW / 2e.g. class 2 insulating piece: UPW = 2.5 kV
Impulse sparkover voltage Uas: <= 1.25 kV (1.2 / 50 µs) of the isolating spark gap
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK - “Trigger“ function
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Uas ≤≤≤≤ 0.5 * UPW
Class 1: UPW = 5 kVClass 2: UPW = 2.5 kV
Class 1 insulating joints : Uas ≤≤≤≤ 0.5 * 5 kVUas ≤≤≤≤ 2.5 kV
Class 2 insulating joints : Uas ≤≤≤≤ 0.5 * 2.5 kVUas ≤≤≤≤ 1.25 kV
AfK recommendation No. 5:
The impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50) of the isolating spark gap should be below 50% of the 50 Hz power-frequency flashover voltage (r.m.s. value) of the insulating joints .
22.12.2010 / 5321e_e
Uas
EXFS 100 (KU) Ex isolating spark gaps “Trigger“ function
UPW.
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating joints
The impulse sparkover voltage (1.2 / 50 µs) is determined and specified in a test procedure in accordance with IEC 62561 -3. This ensures that changes of the impulse sparkover voltage as a result of ageing and thus of the coordination requirement are excluded / considered.
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure in accordance with AfK - “Trigger“ function
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Discharge = “Circuit closed“After the EXFS 100 isolating spark gap has triggered, it discharges the energy content of the interference pulse without posing a risk to the environment.
DISCHARGE
Ex isolating spark gaps“Discharge“ function
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Coordination Ex isolating spark gaps / insulating piece
The following requirements are to be fulfilled to ensure insulation coordination:
After the spark gap has triggered, the max. voltage drop between the connecting points of the Ex isolating spark gap (Umax) must not exceed the peak value of the power-frequency test voltage (Û).Requirement: Umax < Û e.g. class 1 insulating piece: UPW = 5 kV; Û = 7 kV
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure according to AfK - “Discharge“ function
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Determination of the connecting cable length
Spark gap
Insulation
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure according to AfK - “Discharge“ function
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Formulas for calculating the voltage drop
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5
insulating piece
(depends on the Ex isolating spark gap)
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Sample calculation
Installation height H of the loop: 15 cmConnecting point clearance (cable length) SL: 70 cmTotal length of connecting cables l = SL + 2 * H = 100 cmEx isolating spark gap used: EXFS 100Type of conductor: flexible circular conductor, 25 mm², Cu (rho = 0.0178 Ohms * mm² / m); L = 1 µH / m Class 1 insulating flange (5 kVrms) Û = 5 kV x Sqr (2) = 7 kV
insulation
spark gap
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Sample calculation
Umax = Ubo + Imax * RL + L * di / dtUbo = 30 V (const.)Iimp = 100 kA (wave form 10/350 µs) di / dt = 10 kA / µsRL = rho * l / A = (0.0178 Ohms * mm² / m) * 1 m / 25 mm² = 0.712 mOhms L = 1 µH / m (typical value)
(depends on the Ex isolating spark gap)
insulating joint
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Sample calculation
Umax = 30 V + 100 kA * 0.712 mOhms + 1 µH * 10 kA / µsUmax = 10.10 kVUmax [10.10 kV] > Û [7 kV]
Coordination requirements not fulfilled !!!
insulation
spark gap
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure calculation according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Voltage drop depending on the connecting cablesVo
ltage
dro
p [k
V]
Connecting cable length [cm]
steepness:
steepness:
steepness:
LPL 1
LPL 2
LPL 3
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled
Parallel connection of spark gaps
If the voltage drop Umax exceeds the value of the test voltage UPW specified for the insulating piece (e.g. class 1: 5 kVrms), this can be compensated by installing additional spark gaps.
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled
Parallel connection of spark gaps
Insulation coordination is assured if the number of spark gaps (down conductors N) multiplied with the peak value of the test voltage of the insulating piece (Û) is equal to or greater than the value calculated for the voltage drop across all connecting cables (Umax).
Requirement: Û >= Umax / N
Note:Type of spark gap and cable length have to be the same
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled
Parallel connection of spark gaps
Formula: N = Umax / Û = 10.10 kV : 7 kV ≈≈≈≈ 2N: number of spark gaps
In order to protect the insulating piece, two spark gaps must be installed in parallel (symmetrical arrangement) at the flange.
If several spark gaps are connected in parallel, the spark gaps ignite one after the other and the electric strength of the insulating piece is never exceeded.
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled
Parallel connection of spark gaps
Note:It is advisable to perform a type test (verification of coordination between insulating piece and spark gap with connecting cables) for the parallelarrangement of spark gaps with insulating piece in an impulse current laboratory with the relevant lightning current parameters according to the LPL.
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled
Parallel routing of the feed and return cable
Parallel routing of the feed and return cable(might be additionally twisted) e.g. if the spark gap is installed above ground.
Coaxial cable arrangement e.g. if the spark gap is installed above ground (see Figure B.1)
isolating point
reinforcement
concretefoundation
spark gap
coaxial cable:sheath at least 1 x 162
tube at least 1 x 162
e.g. type 1/2”Cu 2Y 75 Ohms
e.g. measur-ing pile
DIN rail
terminals
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
AfK recommendation No. 5: Measures to be taken if the coordination requirement is not fulfilled
Parallel routing of the feed and return cable
Note:It is advisable to perform a type test (verification of coordination between insulating piece and spark gap with connecting cables) for the parallel arrangement of spark gaps with insulating piece in an impulse current laboratory with the relevant lightning current parameters according to the LPL.
isolating point
reinforcement
concretefoundation
spark gap
coaxial cable:sheath at least 1 x 162
tube at least 1 x 162
e.g. type 1/2”Cu 2Y 75 Ohms
e.g. measur-ing pile
DIN rail
terminals
Ex isolating spark gaps - Selection procedure Measures according to AfK No. 5
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Type Tests for Insulating Joints with Ex isolating Spark Gaps
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Test Set-up
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Schematic test set-up
Insulating joint
Connecting cable length l (25 mm2)
External EXFS 100 spark gap
Lightning current generator200 kA, 10/350 µs
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Photo of the test set-up
Earthing
Injection ofimpulse current
Impulse current generator200 kA, 10/350 µs
Insulating jointat the pipeline
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Photo of the test set-up
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Photo of the test set-up
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Photo of the test set-up
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Oscillograms of the impulse current testWave form 10 / 350 µs
Total current
Oscillogram 1: Test 1 - Connecting cable length of 40 cm
Current flowing through the external EXFS spark gap
Total current
current through EXFS
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011
Oscillograms of the impulse current testWave form 10 / 350 µs
Total currentCurrent flowing through the external EXFS spark gap
Oscillogram 2: Test 2 - Connecting cable length of 60 cm
Total current
current through EXFS
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
EXFS 100 (923 100)and
EXFS 100 KU (923 101)
-more than “just“ spark gaps
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100 14.01.08 / 5297e_a
EXFS 100 -more than just an isolating spark gap
Lightning impulse current (10/350): 100 kA
Class of lightning current carrying capability: H
Rated short-duration power frequencywithstand voltage (50Hz): 250 V
Rated impulse sparkovervoltage (1.2/50): ≤≤≤≤ 1250 V
A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): ≥≥≥≥ 300 V
Nominal discharge current (8/20): 100 kA
Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 s
Connection enclosure with M10 x 25 connection bolt and spring washer on both sides
Test acc. to EN 50164-3 - Lightningprotection
Testing of further practice relevent loadings of the spark gap
AfK-recommendation
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Pipelines affected by interferences
pipeline
lightning strike
electromagneticinterference
earth fault /short-circuit current
earth electrode earth electrode leakage currents caused by electrical railway systems
14.01.08 / 5422e_a
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
leakage currents– caused by electrical railway systems
– galvanic pulse injection via the soil
electromagnetic fields– caused by high-voltage transmission lines
– inductive pulse injection
earth faults and short circuits– caused by high-voltage transmission lines
– galvanic / inductive pulse injection
lightning interference– caused by thunderstorms
– galvanic / inductive pulse injection
Sources of interference can be
14.01.08 / 5422e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EXFS 100 -more than just an isolating spark gap
transientswitch
additionallyswitch for controlling of short-term interferencesof high-voltage systems(up to 500 ms)
14.01.08 / 5297e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Non-standard parametersfrom practice
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EXFS 100 -more than just an isolating spark gap
If pipeline systems are in the influence area of high-voltage systems, the spark gap has to carry high alternating currents in case of response. This short-term interference (AfK recommendation No. 3) causes a thermal loading which can damage the spark gap. The max. break-time at earth faults is approx. 0.5 seconds.
By the “rated discharge current“ thus a max. admissible 50 Hz current load is defined, which can be carried by the EXFS 100 (KU) for a certain time.The specified value for the EXFS 100 (KU) is: 500 A @ 0.5 s
Within the test scope it had to be proved that • the EXFS 100 (KU) will not be damaged electrically / mechanically, • the limit temperature for the temperature class T6 (85 °C at 40°C ambient
temperature) on the enclosure surface will not be exceeded and • after the test the rated values according to EN 50164-3 are kept again.
14.01.08 / 5329e_a
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
kV
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0kA
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 s
EUT_01: I_follow
EUT_01: U_total
14.01.08 / 5298e_a
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
test voltage: 600 V / 50 Hztest current: 500 Aduration: 0.5 s
a.c. withstand voltage: ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 250Vimpusle sparkover voltage: ≤≤≤≤ 1250Vleakage resistance: ≥≥≥≥ 500 kΩΩΩΩ
Before and after the test:
EXFS 100 -50 Hz test
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
heating 40K
EXFS 100 -50 Hz test
Ex protection safety during the whole duration of interference!
Heating by 40 K
max. surface temperature < 85 °C
keeping of T6
Test_01: Temperature °C
55
60
65
70
20
35
40
45
50
0 100 200 300 400 500 s
25
30
14.01.08 / 5298e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Competitors on the EXFS 100 (KU)
- OBO Bettermann- Leutron- Hakel
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): ≤≤≤≤ 1250 V 3000 V (±±±± 50%)min: 1500 V / max: 4500 V
A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): ≤≤≤≤ 500 V 1000 V (±±±± 50%)min: 500 V / max: 1500 V
D.c. sparkover voltage: > 600 V —
Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 kA 100 kA
Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 kA 100 kA
Class of lightning current carryingcapability acc. to EN 50164-3: H H
Rated power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V —
Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V —
Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec. —
Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS 100 - OBO PAREX 480
PAREX 480EXFS 100
14.01.08 / 5322e_a
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
PAREX 480EXFS 100
EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 BVS 04 ATEX E 054
Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2G EEx d IIC T6
- dusts: II 2D Ex tD A21 —IP67 T 80°C not certificated
for dust
Degree of protection: IP 67 —
Ambient temperature: (-20 ... +40)°C (-20 ... +50)°C
Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS 100 - OBO PAREX 480
14.01.08 / 5322e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Remarks to OBO / PAREX 480:
No test units available; the data sheet, however, specifies Risol ≥≥≥≥ 100 MΩΩΩΩ
no KU types for underground application
with a connecting cable length of 180 mm, 250 mmor 350 mm only at one side
Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS 100 - OBO PAREX 480
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© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EXFS 100
Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): ≤≤≤≤ 1250 V ≤≤≤≤ 950 V (typ. 650 V)
A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): ≤≤≤≤ 500 V ≤≤≤≤ 70 V (±±±± 20%)max: 84 V
D.c. sparkover voltage: > 600 V ≤≤≤≤ 100 V (±±±± 20%)
Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 kA 100 kA
Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 kA 75 kA
Class of lightning current carrying capability according to EN 50164-3: H N
Rated power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V —
Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V —
Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec. —
Ex isolating spark gap - CompetitorsComparison DEHN EXFS 100 - LEUTRON TC 100 A
TC 100 A
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© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 ZELM 02 ATEX 0095X
Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2G EEx m II T3
- dusts: II 2D Ex tD A21 IP67 T 80°C —
Degree of protection: IP 67 IP 67
Ambient temperature: (-20 ... +40)°C (-25 ... +90)°C
Ex isolating spark gaps - CompetitorsComparison DEHN - LEUTRON TC 100 A
EXFS 100 TC 100 A
14.01.08 / 5323e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EXFS 100 TC 500 A
Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): ≤≤≤≤ 1250 V ≤≤≤≤ 1300 V (typ. 950 V)
A.c. sparkover voltage (50 Hz): ≤≤≤≤ 500 V ≤≤≤≤ 350 V (±±±± 15%)
D.c. sparkover voltage: < 600 V ≤≤≤≤ 500 V (±±±± 15%)
Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 kA 100 kA
Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 kA 75 kA
Class of lightning current carrying capability according to EN 50164-3: H N
Rated power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V —
Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V —
Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec. —
Ex isolating spark gaps - CompetitorsComparison DEHN EXFS - LEUTRON TC 500 A
14.01.08 / 5323e_c
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
EXFS 100 TC 500 A
EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 ZELM 02 ATEX 0095X
Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2G EEx m II T3
- dusts: II 2D Ex tD A21 IP67 T 80°C —
Degree of protection: IP 67 IP 67
Ambient temperature: (-20 ... +40)°C (-25 ... +90)°C
Ex isolating spark gaps - CompetitorsComparison DEHN EXFS - LEUTRON TC 500 A
14.01.08 / 5323e_d
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
Remarks to LEUTRON TC100 A And TC 500 A:
There are special requirements (X behind certification number); such as EXFS C1 (923 070)
• equalising currents enclosure• 50 V dc constantly must not be exceeded• isolating spark gap to be installed free from mechanical tensions• the isolating spark gap has to be installed so that it is protected against direct weather
influences
Ex isolating spark gaps - CompetitorsLEUTRON TC 100 A and TC 500 A
“Fail Safe“ - performance
no test units available; specification in the data sheet Risol ≥≥≥≥ 109 ΩΩΩΩ
KU-type available for underground application
connecting cable set K1/300 with 30 cm cable length available
14.01.08 / 5323e_e
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
HS 100 ExEXFS 100
Rated impulse sparkover voltage (1.2/50 µs): ≤≤≤≤ 1250 V < 1500 V
A.c sparkover voltage (50 Hz): ≤≤≤≤ 500 V > 500 V
D.c sparkover voltage: > 600 V 400 - 750 V
Nominal discharge current (8/20 µs): 100 kA 75 kA
Lightning impulse current (10/350 µs): 100 kA 100 kA
Class of lightning current carrying capability according to EN 50164-3: H —
Rated power frequence withstand voltage (50 Hz): 250 V —
Max. d.c. continuous operating voltage: 350 V —
Rated discharge current (50 Hz): 500 A / 0.5 sec. —
Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS - HAKEL HGS 100Ex
14.01.08 / 5324e_a
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 EXFS 100
HS 100 ExEXFS 100
EC-type examination certification: BVS 06 ATEX E 099 FTZÚ 04 ATEX 0255X
Explosion protection - gases: II 2G Ex d IIC T6 II 2GD EEx m II T3
- dusts: II 2D Ex tD A21 IP67 T 80°C —
no permission for dusts
Degree of protection: IP 67 IP 66
Ambient temperature: (-20 ... +40)°C (-20 ... +90)°C
Ex isolating spark gaps - Competitors Comparison DEHN EXFS - HAKEL HGS 100Ex
14.01.08 / 5324e_b
© 2007 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 DEHN UK , 2011 11.12.07 / 5392
For further information about lightning protectionplease visit us on our STAND No. U25
Thank you for your attention