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©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and Hope in the 1930s: The Great Depression

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Page 1: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The 1930s

CREATED EQUAL

JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ

CHAPTER 22 Hardship and Hope in the 1930s: The Great

Depression

Page 2: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

“…not the working classes that brought on the economic crisis, it was the big boys that thought the financial drunk was going to last forever, and overbought, overmerged, and overcapitalized.”

Will Rogers, 1934

Page 3: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

TIMELINE1930 6 million unemployed Americans

1931 Scottsboro Boys case taken up by International Labor Defense

1932 Franklin Roosevelt wins Presidency

Reconstruction Finance Corporation infuses economic institutions

1933 13 million unemployed Americans

Civil Works Administration established

Federal Emergency Relief Act

Civilian Conservation Corps

1934 Indian Reorganization Act

Old Age Revolving Pensions, Limited

1935 Social Security Act

Huey P. Long fatally shot

Works Progress Administration

Federal Art Project

Federal Theatre Project

The Wagner Act

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)

1936 Strikes against General Motors

Page 4: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

HARDSHIP AND HOPE Overview

The Great DepressionPresidential Responses to the

DepressionThe New DealA New Political Culture

Page 5: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Causes of the Crisis“We Are Not Bums”Surviving Hard TimesThe Dust Bowl

Page 6: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Causes of the Crisis

No safety net for the unemployedLimited competition among corporations and

small businesses failingNo savings, and great debtInternationally, exports fall, and foreign nations

unable to repay debtsExcessive profits and unequal distribution of

wealthFederal Reserve policies

Page 7: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

“We Are Not Bums”

1930: 6 million Americans were unemployed. By 1933, 13 million Americans were unemployed

Changing gender rolesFamilies provide safety net

Page 8: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Surviving Hard Times

200,000 young men “riding the rails”: hobosScottsboro Boys trial1933: over 5% of farms were foreclosed onAfrican-American workers face fiercer

discrimination in small job marketMexican Americans depended on children’s

wagesWork in canneriesDeportation of 500,000 Mexicans from 1931 to 1934

Page 9: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Dust Bowl

Drought in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico (the Dust Bowl)

April 14, 1935: blown dust turned the skies black and killed livestockMigration away from the Dust BowlDorothea Lange, Woody Guthrie, John Steinbeck

Page 10: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

PRESIDENTIAL RESPONSES TO THE DEPRESSION

Herbert Hoover: Tackling the CrisisFranklin Delano Roosevelt: The

Pragmatist“Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself”

Page 11: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Herbert Hoover: Tackling the Crisis

Emergency Committee for EmploymentNational Credit CorporationReconstruction Finance CorporationPublic works program

Hoover DamMorris Muscle Shoals Bill (dam for Tennessee

River)

Page 12: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: The Pragmatist

Old family with wealth, attended Harvard, and Columbia University law school

Admirer of cousin Theodore RooseveltMarried to Theodore’s niece, EleanorNew York State Senator Assistant Secretary of the NavyVictim of polio: resulted in March of Dimes

founding

Page 13: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

“Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself”

March 4, 1932 inaugural address: “Nothing to fear but fear itself”

Fireside chatsStrengthening of federal governmentFriend to the immigrant communities

Page 14: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

THE NEW DEAL

The First Hundred DaysMonumental Projects Transforming the

LandscapeProtest and Pressure from the Left and the

RightEleanor Roosevelt: Activist and First LadyThe Second New DealFDR’s Second Term

Page 15: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The First Hundred Days

Prohibition repealed Securities and Exchange Commission Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Civil Works Administration Federal Emergency Relief Act Civilian Conservation Corp National Recovery Administration National Labor Board Tennessee Valley Authority Indian Reorganization Act

Page 16: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Areas Served by the Tennessee Valley Authority

Page 17: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Monumental Projects Transforming the Landscape

1930s: skyscrapers, bridges, dams, and monuments built—symbolized human and technological triumph in the midst of hardship

Electricity and irrigation provided to the arid West —Hoover Dam, Grand Coulee Dam

The Golden Gate BridgeConstruction began on Empire State Building, and

Rockefeller CenterMount Rushmore

Page 18: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Protest and Pressure from the Left and the Right

Francis Townsend and the Old Age Revolving Pensions, LimitedSocial Security Act of 1935

Charles E. CoughlinRadio show: The Golden House of the Little Flower,

denounces New Deal as Communism, admirer of Hitler and Mussolini

Huey P. LongU.S. Senator, Roosevelt critic, populist

Page 19: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Eleanor Roosevelt: Activist and First Lady

Sad childhood, but education abroad helped her to develop strength and confidence

Married FDR, six childrenAntilynching billMarian Anderson and the DARUnited Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights in 19481962: President’s Commission on the Status of Women

Page 20: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Second New Deal

The Social Security program: unemployment insurance and relief for the needy

The Works Progress AdministrationFederal Art ProjectFederal Theatre Project

Page 21: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

FDR’s Second Term

FDR won overwhelmingly second term (Electoral vote: 523 to 8)

Supreme Court proposal defeatedFDR proposed appointing one new justice for

every one on the court who had at least 10 years of service and who did not retire within six months after turning 70

Page 22: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

A NEW POLITICAL CULTURE

The Labor MovementThe New Deal CoalitionA New Americanism

Page 23: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Labor Movement

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) as part of the American Federation of Labor John L. Lewis and Sidney Hillman

Sit-down strikes—began in Akron OhioGeneral Motors strikes

Several cities, violence broke out but governor of Michigan and President Roosevelt refused to send in National Guard..

Women participated in strikes as well as men

Page 24: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The New Deal Coalition

Northern African Americans switch to the Democratic Party

Executive Order 7046 bans discrimination in WPA

Latinos and the El Congreso de Pueblos de Habla Español

Page 25: ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 22 Hardship and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

A New Americanism

A new diverse, inclusive countryArts reflect common manMovies challenged gender and class hierarchiesSports diversified: DiMaggio, Joe Louis,Women heroines: Earhart, Helen Wills, Babe

Didriskon


©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1848-1860 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 13 The Crisis over

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1819-1832 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 11 Moving Westward:

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1937-1945 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 23 Global Conflict:

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1890s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 18 Political and

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1832-1848 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 12 Peoples in Motion

Food Hardship 2012

Force majeure, Hardship

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CHAPTER 28 THE COLD WAR RETURNS—AND ENDS 1979–1991 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CHAPTER 22 HARDSHIP AND HOPE: THE GREAT DEPRESSION The 1930s CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1848–1860 CHAPTER 13 THE CRISIS OVER SLAVERY CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1865-1877 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 15 In the Wake of

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1832–1848 CHAPTER 12 PEOPLES IN MOTION CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

Ambulance Hardship Policy

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The 1780s CHAPTER 8 NEW BEGINNINGS CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers A.D. 500 TO 1500 CHAPTER 1 FIRST FOUNDERS CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

Longman Active Study Dictionary, 1998, Adam Gadsby ...Longman Active Study Dictionary, 1998, Adam Gadsby, 0582365740, 9780582365742, Addison Wesley Longman, 1998 ... Longman Dictionary

Change of Circumstances, Hardship and Imprévisionffffffff-e166-5e55-ffff-fffff4694771/ChangeOf...Change of Circumstances, Hardship and Imprévision . Change of Circumstances, Hardship

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1763–1775 CHAPTER 6 THE LIMITS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

Economic Hardship Information

Comfort in Hardship

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CHAPTER 24 COLD WAR AND HOT WAR 1945–1953 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

HARDSHIP presentation activities

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1789–1803 CHAPTER 9 REVOLUTIONARY LEGACIES CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1861-1865 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 14 “To Fight to

Longman Communication 3000 - Webnodefiles.angolorak-budapesten.webnode.hu/200000161-f2...LONGMAN COMMUNICATION 3000 1 Longman Communication 3000 The Longman Communication 3000 is a

Exceptional Hardship Procedure

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CHAPTER 20 WAR AND REVOLUTION 1912–1920 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

Hardship Allowance

Financial Hardship Application - The Health Law Firm Financial Hardship... · Financial Hardship Application Thepatient willneed to complete afinancial disclosure form ... You may

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1713-1763 CHAPTER 5 AN AMERICAN BABEL CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ

Hardship Waivers

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1803-1818 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 10 Defending and

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CHAPTER 29 POST-COLD WAR AMERICA 1991–2000 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1979-1991 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ CHAPTER 28 The Cold War

Contradicting the Hardship