2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Introduction to Embedded Systems –

Lesson 2: Processing Elements

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Processing Element in Embedded Processing Element in Embedded Systems Systems

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Example of Embedded System Hardware elements

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Processor at the SystemProcessor at the System

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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General purpose microprocessor

Example- ARM, Intel 80x86, MIPS, SHARC, PowerPC, Intel i860 family, Sparc, Motorola 68HCxxx or

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Small Scale System Microcontroller

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Microcontroller - Intel, TI, and Philips, ARM, Motorola,Hitachi,  …

Intel®: 8051, 80196,... ARM STR 72x, ...Motorola : - 68HC11, 68HC12,

68HC16, or MCORE M2001

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Microcontroller Subunits

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Use of General Purpose Use of General Purpose Processors and Microcontroller Processors and Microcontroller as a VLSI component in a chipas a VLSI component in a chip

Example- ARM 7, ARM 9, ARM 11, Intel XScale, or Power PC 750x

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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DSPDSP

Example - A Texas Instruments- C28x Series, C54xx or C64xx or OPMAP 5910 DSP or Analog Devices SHARC or TigerSharc, or Motorola 5600xx

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Media processor

TI DSP TMS320DM310 or Trimedia Phillips Media Processor 1x00 series for Processing Streaming and Data Networks and Image, Video and Speech: PNX1300 and PNX 1500 (2002)

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Application Specific System Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)Processor (ASSP)

Examples, a setup-box processor or mpeg video-processor or network application processor or mobile application processor

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Application Specific Instruction processor (ASIP)Examples - a processor for

speech processing, adaptive filtering, encrypting and decrypting or communication protocol stack processor

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Multiprocessor System using Multiprocessor System using GPPsGPPs

Example- A video-conference system, router, high-end cell phone, mobile TV (March 2006) …

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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SYSTEM-ON-CHIP

Embedding: Multiple processors, memories, multiple standard source solutions (IP Cores), Logic and analog units

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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New Innovation Example – Mobile Device on an SoC

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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IPs

High Level Components with gate level sophistication circuit much above level of counters and registers. For examples, USB port controller and Wireless 802.11 interface

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Accelerator CoresFor example Java Accelerator

Nazonin Communications Java codes run 15 to 60 Times fast, Video Accelerator for fast Video processing

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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FPGAs cum Processor Cores

(1) FPGA 125136 Logic Cells along with the Four IBM PowerPC processors [Exemplary Application: System with a Data Encryption Engine at 1.5 Gbps]

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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(2) Xilinx Spartan-3

90 nm based FPGAs with Power PCs (released on April 14, 2003 )

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Network ProcessorsNetwork Processors

Intel INXP4xx builds Embedded Systems for Instrumentation with SOHO and SME communication applications such as residential broadband gateways, enterprise wireless access points and integrated access of the devices quickly and efficiently

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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Mobile System ProcessorMobile System Processor

Centrino, Intel's new mobile technology includes a new mobile processor, related chipsets and 802.11 wireless network functions and wireless Internet Connectivity

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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SummarySummary

We learnt (i) overview of hardware elements, (ii) types of the processor(s) used

in the systems: general purpose processor, microcontroller, DSP, Media processor, ASIP, ASIP and multi-processor, …

(iii) exemplary new innovations

2006 Chapter-1 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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End of Lesson 2End of Lesson 2