2003-12-10 global and local dust/smoke over the us
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US
Rudolf HusarWashington University
EPA Science Advisory Board Science Workshop, Dc. 11, 2003
Emerging Scientific Topics: Transboundary Air Pollutants
![Page 2: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Local, Regional, Global Pollution
Before 1950s:
LocalSmoke, Fly ash
Post- 2000s:
GlobalGlobal Change
1970s-1990s:
RegionalAcid Rain, Haze
![Page 3: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Industrial Sulfur Emission Density
US SOx Emission Trend
Industrial Sulfur Emissions Hotspots:
E. North America
Europe and
E. Asia
The US and European S Emissions have declined since the ’70s
Within the next generation S will likely approach the natural levels
![Page 4: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regional Haze Rule:Transition Toward a Sustainable Air Quality
Goal of RH Rule: To attain ‘natural conditions’ by 2064
![Page 5: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Global Pollution
Windblown Dust
Industrial Aerosols
Major Scientific Issues:
What is the Natural Condition?
How do manmade and natural emissions compare now?
How do humans perturb natural processes?
Biomass Smoke
Main ‘Global’ Air Pollutants:
•Particulate Matter: Dust, Smoke, Haze
• Ozone and Precursors
Steady, Seasonal
Sporadic, Seasonal
![Page 6: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Global (Satellite) Sensing Revolution in the 1990s
Aerosol Optical Depth (AVHRR)
Global-scale air pollutant transport existed since….The difference is that now we can observe and document it
The new data show that the global aerosol pattern is dominated by dust and smoke.
![Page 7: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Global Fire Locations August, January
![Page 8: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
May 15, 1998Smoke from Central American Fires
• Smoke is detected by SeaWiFS and TOMS (green) satellites and surface visibility data, Bext
•The smoke plume extends from Guatemala to Hudson May in Canada
![Page 9: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PM10 Concentrations During the Smoke Event
A füstfelhő útjában mindehol a megengedett érték feletti aeroszol koncentrációt okozott, és a levegő homályossága gátolta a légiforgalmat
![Page 10: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
May-June 2003 Siberian Fires
![Page 11: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Aircraft Detection of Siberian Forrest Smoke near Seattle, WA
Jaffe et. al., 2003
![Page 12: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Asian Dust Cloud over N. America, April 1998
On April 27, 1998 the dust cloud arrived in North America.
Regional average PM10 concentrations increased to 65 g/m3
In Washington State, PM10 concentrations exceeded 100 g/m3
Asian Dust 100 g/m3
Hourly PM10
![Page 13: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Korea
Mongolia
China
The Perfect Dust StormApril 7, 2001
![Page 14: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sahara Dust TransportSupporting Evidence: Satellite & PM10 Data
SeaWiFS satellite shows Sahara Dust reaching Gulf of Mexico
June 30, 1993
July 5, 1992
June 21 1997
> 80 g/m3
![Page 15: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Origin of Fine Dust Events over the US
Sulfate is local, no major spikes
Gobi dust transport in springSahara dust import in summer
Spikes of fine dust over the entire US are mainly from intercontinental transport
The Perfect Dust Storm
![Page 16: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Summary
• Global Sensing – Modeling Revolution – ‘May you live in interesting times’– We are in the midst of an observational revolution (satellites, monitoring networks).
– The global distribution and transport of some pollutants can be monitored daily
– Global models are also maturing into effective analytical and predictive tools
• Results to Date: – Compelling evidence for significant global-scale transport of PM and Ozone
– Qualitative estimates of ‘extra-jurisdictional’ impact on the US air quality– There is good potential for quantification of natural and non-US impacts
The science community is vigorously pursuing global pollutant transport
It seems timely to incorporate global air pollutant transport into AQ management processes as well
![Page 17: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Thank You
![Page 18: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Challenge 21: Science – Management Link
Sensing and recognition (monitoring)
Reasoning and explaining (sciences)
Decision making, action (management)
Sustainable Development in an ever-changing world:Sensory-Motor Loop:
![Page 19: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sahara and Local Dust Apportionment
• The maximum annual Sahara dust contribution is about 1 g.m3
• In July the Sahara dust contributions are 4-8 g.m3
Annual
July
![Page 20: 2003-12-10 Global and Local Dust/Smoke over the US](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042601/5561d949d8b42ab33f8b5bed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Vertical Distribution of Aerosols – Space-borne Lidar
• Long rang transport occurs mostly in elevated layers
• Elevated layers mix with BL air
• Cloud interaction is clearly discernable
Winker et., al. 1995