2002 dealer conf soot limits 2

8/19/2019 2002 Dealer Conf Soot Limits 2

1/18

by DS NyczOriginally Prepared for the S.O.S

Services 2002 Dealer Conference

Establishing Soot Limits

forDiesel Engines


2/18




• The Basics Where does soot come from ? How large are soot particles ? Are soot particles abrasive ? How does soot cause wear ? What role do lubricants serve ?

• Establishing soot limits


3/18



Soot Basics

• Where does soot come from ? Soot is the product of incomplete

combustion in diesel fueled engines.

Soot is formed b two processes in thecombustion chamber! ". #ow air$fuel ratio

%. &uel impingement on the clinder liner wall Soot can also enter the oil through blowb'

caused b worn rings and clinder liners.


4/18



(iesel &uel )olecules

Air )olecules

Incomplete Combustion

*recursor )olecules

Soot nuclei+oalescent

+oagulation

,Surface growth-

ucleation

Spherule+hain forming

+oagulation

,Surface growth-

%/ to 0/ nm

Soot

particle

Where does

soot come

from ?


5/18



Soot Basics

• How soot enters the engine oil Blowb gases passing through the

ring gaps

Blowb gasses passing b wornpiston rings and clinder liners

1il transfer along the honed

clinder wall surface


6/18



Soot Basics

• Where does soot come from ? +auses of low air$fuel ratio

*lugged air filter

Boost lea2s or E3haust lea2s ahead of turbo

4ubbing or &ailed Turbocharger

+auses of fuel impingement on liners

4etarded 5n6ection Timing 5ncorrect' Worn' or &ailed fuel in6ectors

(eposits on in6ector tips


7/18by DS NyczOriginally Prepared for the S.O.S


Soot Basics

• How large are soot particles ? 4ecent research indicates a primar soot

particle si7e of %/ to 0/ nm 8./% to ./0 um9 Soot particleshave polaritthat causes

them toagglomerateand form

larger particles


8/18by DS NyczOriginally Prepared for the S.O.S


Soot Basics

• Are soot particles abrasive ? :es;

4ecent studies have shown that primarsoot particles are e


9/18by DS Nycz

Originally Prepared for the S.O.S


Soot Basics

• How does soot cause wear ?

Soot related wear primaril occurs in areaswhere oil films are thin.

Soot disrupts or removes the anti=wear film

on the surfaces.

The primar soot particle can scar the

surface or other tpes of wear can occur

when the anti=wear film is removed.


10/18by DS Nycz



Soot Basics

• What role do lubricants serve ? *rovide an ade


11/18by DS Nycz



Soot Basics

• What role do lubricants serve ? The A*5 sstem has produced lubricants

that control the harmful effects of soot.Soot Evaluation Tests

API Test Soot-TGA Parameter Measured

+& soot not evaluated

+&=0 T=> ".?/@ Aiscosit 5ncrease

+B=0 T=C D.C/@ Aiscosit 5ncrease+H=0 T=CE 0.C/@ Aiscosit 5ncrease

T= ".>?@ 4ing F +l #iner Wear

)="" 0.?/@ Aalve Train Wear' Sludge' &ilter *lugging


12/18by DS Nycz



Soot Basics (ifferences in lubricant formulations can

significantl change the soot and ironreadings from used oil samples;

950F !"# Field Test

/

"/

"

%/

%

D/

D

0/

/ / "// "/ %// %/ D//

$il %ours

I r o n - P P M

+at +& D/

+at +=0 "W=0/

950F !"# Field Test

/

%/

0/

G/

C/

"//

"%/

"0/

/ / "// "/ %// %/ D//

$il %ours

S o o t - & A

l l o ' a b l e

+at +& D/

+at +=0 "W=0/


13/18by DS Nycz



Soot Basics (ifferences in lubricant formulations can

significantl change the soot and ironreadings from used oil samples;

(0#E )ab C*cle Test

/

%/

0/

G/

C/

"//

"%/

"0/

/ "// %// D// 0// // G// >//

$il %ours

S o o t - & A

l l o ' a b l

+=0 Soot

+H=0 Soot

(0#E )ab C*cle Test

/

"/

%/

D/

0/

/

G/

>/

C/

/ "// %// D// 0// // G// >//

$il %ours

I r o n - P P M

+=0 5ron

+H=0 5ron


14/18




• 4eview of the Basics Where does soot come from? 5ncomplete

combustion of diesel fuel

How large are soot particles?%/ to 0/ nm Are soot particles abrasive?:es How does soot cause wear?b disturbing

the anti=wear film and abrasion What role do lubricants serve? oil film'

anti=wear additives' dispersants to controlagglomeration and viscosit


15/18




• Establishing soot limits The variables in lubricant performance'

operating conditions' and engine designrestrict our abilit to set accurate soot

limits.

Therefore' trend analsis must be used to

monitor differences in soot levels and wear.


16/18




• Soot limits and trend analsis GG 55 e3ample

9##G II

A+ter brea,-in data

/

%/

0/

G/

C/

"//

"%/

/ "// %// D// 0// // G// >//

$il %ours

I r o n - P P M

9##G II

A+ter brea,-in data

/

%/

0/

G/

C/

"//

"%/

"0/

"G/

"C/

%//

/ "// %// D// 0// ?// G// >//

$il %ours

S o o t - & A

l l o ' a b l


17/18




• Soot limits and trend analsis GG 55 e3ample

The ,red- machine was operating at altitude and

that accounted for the higher soot readings. Thehigher level of soot increased iron wear.

Additional data will be needed to establish the

trend for the ,red- machine.

Based on additional samples and trends' thecustomer ma be as2ed to reduce oil drains on

the ,red- machine.


18/18




• +onclusions Soot is abrasive and causes increased wear

in diesel engines.

Soot limits are difficult to determine becauseof lubricant differences and engine design

differences.

Trend analsis is the best wa to determine

normal soot levels for a particular machine.

2002 dealer conf soot limits 2

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