20 th november 2002tetra world congress 2002 nato unclassified 1 tetra for military communications...

20th November 2002TETRA World Congress 20021

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

TETRA for MilitaryCommunicationsDr Michael Street MIEE CEng

Applied CIS Technology Branch

CIS Division

NATO Command, Control & Consultation Agency

2 NATO UNCLASSIFIED 20th November 2002TETRA World Congress 2002

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

• NATONATO

• NATO C3 AgencyNATO C3 Agency

• Military use of civil P(A)MR technologyMilitary use of civil P(A)MR technology

• Trials – evaluation and assessmentTrials – evaluation and assessment

• Military contribution to civil technology and standardsMilitary contribution to civil technology and standards

• Interoperability through standardisationInteroperability through standardisation

• NATONATO

• NATO C3 AgencyNATO C3 Agency

• Military use of civil P(A)MR technologyMilitary use of civil P(A)MR technology

• Trials – evaluation and assessmentTrials – evaluation and assessment

• Military contribution to civil technology and standardsMilitary contribution to civil technology and standards

• Interoperability through standardisationInteroperability through standardisation


NATO’s Three DimensionsNATO’s Three DimensionsNATO’s Three DimensionsNATO’s Three Dimensions

• First and Second dimensions of NATOFirst and Second dimensions of NATO• ““The fundamental roles of NATOThe fundamental roles of NATO have always been have always been concerned with concerned with security cooperationsecurity cooperation between between member countries and, in more recent years, with member countries and, in more recent years, with Partner countries, Partner countries, in the political and defence fieldsin the political and defence fields. . These have therefore been regarded as the first and These have therefore been regarded as the first and second "dimensions" of the Alliance.”second "dimensions" of the Alliance.”

• Third dimensionThird dimension•ScientificScientific and environmental and environmental co-operationco-operation•Responding to Responding to civilcivil emergenciesemergencies

• First and Second dimensions of NATOFirst and Second dimensions of NATO• ““The fundamental roles of NATOThe fundamental roles of NATO have always been have always been concerned with concerned with security cooperationsecurity cooperation between between member countries and, in more recent years, with member countries and, in more recent years, with Partner countries, Partner countries, in the political and defence fieldsin the political and defence fields. . These have therefore been regarded as the first and These have therefore been regarded as the first and second "dimensions" of the Alliance.”second "dimensions" of the Alliance.”

• Third dimensionThird dimension•ScientificScientific and environmental and environmental co-operationco-operation•Responding to Responding to civilcivil emergenciesemergencies


Military use of Civil P(A)MRMilitary use of Civil P(A)MRMilitary use of Civil P(A)MRMilitary use of Civil P(A)MR

• What trails have the military done with TETRA ?What trails have the military done with TETRA ?

•BiH trialBiH trial

•PropagationPropagation

• Does TETRA Security meet military requirements ?Does TETRA Security meet military requirements ?

• Effect of frequency allocation on military use of Effect of frequency allocation on military use of

TETRA ?TETRA ?

• InteroperabilityInteroperability

• Voice codersVoice coders

• What trails have the military done with TETRA ?What trails have the military done with TETRA ?

•BiH trialBiH trial

•PropagationPropagation

• Does TETRA Security meet military requirements ?Does TETRA Security meet military requirements ?

• Effect of frequency allocation on military use of Effect of frequency allocation on military use of

TETRA ?TETRA ?

• InteroperabilityInteroperability

• Voice codersVoice coders


TETRA - Military Services; Civil StandardTETRA - Military Services; Civil StandardTETRA - Military Services; Civil StandardTETRA - Military Services; Civil Standard

Developed for Public Safety & Security with CDeveloped for Public Safety & Security with C33 features features

• TETRA services TETRA services Combat Net Radio features Combat Net Radio features •has many large, security conscious user groupshas many large, security conscious user groups

–Large user groups -- COTS equipmentLarge user groups -- COTS equipment

• SpectrumSpectrum•Operates in Military UHF bandOperates in Military UHF band•Spectrum efficientSpectrum efficient

–Military UHF allocation is mainly 25kHzMilitary UHF allocation is mainly 25kHz

Developed for Public Safety & Security with CDeveloped for Public Safety & Security with C33 features features

• TETRA services TETRA services Combat Net Radio features Combat Net Radio features •has many large, security conscious user groupshas many large, security conscious user groups

–Large user groups -- COTS equipmentLarge user groups -- COTS equipment

• SpectrumSpectrum•Operates in Military UHF bandOperates in Military UHF band•Spectrum efficientSpectrum efficient

–Military UHF allocation is mainly 25kHzMilitary UHF allocation is mainly 25kHz


NC3A TETRA Evaluation SystemNC3A TETRA Evaluation SystemNC3A TETRA Evaluation SystemNC3A TETRA Evaluation System

• System procured in 1999System procured in 1999

• Used for evaluation of TETRA Used for evaluation of TETRA servicesservices

• Platform for testing of data Platform for testing of data applicationsapplications

• Interconnection and Interconnection and Interoperability experienceInteroperability experience• Early interoperability trials e.g. Early interoperability trials e.g.

TETRA to Military tactical radio TETRA to Military tactical radio systemssystems

• System procured in 1999System procured in 1999

• Used for evaluation of TETRA Used for evaluation of TETRA servicesservices

• Platform for testing of data Platform for testing of data applicationsapplications

• Interconnection and Interconnection and Interoperability experienceInteroperability experience• Early interoperability trials e.g. Early interoperability trials e.g.

TETRA to Military tactical radio TETRA to Military tactical radio systemssystems


TETRA on ExercisesTETRA on ExercisesTETRA on ExercisesTETRA on Exercises

• Combined Endeavour Combined Endeavour • Strong ResolveStrong Resolve

• Used to establish comms infrastructure for exerciseUsed to establish comms infrastructure for exercise• SFOR trial, Banja LukaSFOR trial, Banja Luka

• 2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK• JWID 2001JWID 2001

• Combined Endeavour Combined Endeavour • Strong ResolveStrong Resolve

• Used to establish comms infrastructure for exerciseUsed to establish comms infrastructure for exercise• SFOR trial, Banja LukaSFOR trial, Banja Luka

• 2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK• JWID 2001JWID 2001

NC3A TETRA system used

on exercises and trials


NC3A Trial ResultsNC3A Trial ResultsNC3A Trial ResultsNC3A Trial Results

• Easy to deployEasy to deploy• Setup time approx 15 minsSetup time approx 15 mins

• Easy to useEasy to use• Users like it, minimal training timeUsers like it, minimal training time

• Basic services meet users needsBasic services meet users needs• Group calls, low rate data etcGroup calls, low rate data etc• DMO used during road moveDMO used during road move

• Range governed by terrainRange governed by terrain• Limitation is laws of physics, not technologyLimitation is laws of physics, not technology

• Easy to deployEasy to deploy• Setup time approx 15 minsSetup time approx 15 mins

• Easy to useEasy to use• Users like it, minimal training timeUsers like it, minimal training time

• Basic services meet users needsBasic services meet users needs• Group calls, low rate data etcGroup calls, low rate data etc• DMO used during road moveDMO used during road move

• Range governed by terrainRange governed by terrain• Limitation is laws of physics, not technologyLimitation is laws of physics, not technology


Range and PropagationRange and PropagationRange and PropagationRange and Propagation

• Conducted Conducted propagation propagation prediction in prediction in advance of trialadvance of trial

• Measurements Measurements taken during taken during trial correlated trial correlated with predictionwith prediction

• Conducted Conducted propagation propagation prediction in prediction in advance of trialadvance of trial

• Measurements Measurements taken during taken during trial correlated trial correlated with predictionwith prediction


Position ReportingPosition ReportingPosition ReportingPosition Reporting

• GPS equipped mobile GPS equipped mobile terminals in vehiclesterminals in vehicles

• Position sent via Position sent via TETRA SDSTETRA SDS

• NC3A developed NC3A developed “Black box” to covert “Black box” to covert position format for position format for military applicationsmilitary applications

• GPS equipped mobile GPS equipped mobile terminals in vehiclesterminals in vehicles

• Position sent via Position sent via TETRA SDSTETRA SDS

• NC3A developed NC3A developed “Black box” to covert “Black box” to covert position format for position format for military applicationsmilitary applications


Military - Civil InterfaceMilitary - Civil InterfaceMilitary - Civil InterfaceMilitary - Civil Interface

• Interface between COTS Interface between COTS TETRA network and TETRA network and military networkmilitary network

• PC running LinuxPC running Linux

• NC3A developed NC3A developed interface softwareinterface software

• Converts GPS to Converts GPS to OTH/Gold format for OTH/Gold format for MCISMCIS

• Interface between COTS Interface between COTS TETRA network and TETRA network and military networkmilitary network

• PC running LinuxPC running Linux

• NC3A developed NC3A developed interface softwareinterface software

• Converts GPS to Converts GPS to OTH/Gold format for OTH/Gold format for MCISMCIS


Deployable TETRA System ConfigurationDeployable TETRA System ConfigurationDeployable TETRA System ConfigurationDeployable TETRA System Configuration

HiComDigitalPABX

Command &ControlSystem

Base Station and Switch

SystemManagement

COP, Web, E-Mail, Clients

COP, Web, E-mailApp Servers

Data Interface

MobileRadio

Handheld Voice Users

AccessRouter

Portable Data Users

ISDN

AVLSGateway

MCCIS

MobilewithGPS


Secure Voice CommunicationsSecure Voice CommunicationsSecure Voice CommunicationsSecure Voice Communications

• Security is an issue for commercial, public safety and Security is an issue for commercial, public safety and military usersmilitary users

• Military and public safety users require similar secure Military and public safety users require similar secure speech servicesspeech services

• Provide security against disruption - eavesdropping, Provide security against disruption - eavesdropping, spoofing and denial of servicespoofing and denial of service

• Security is an issue for commercial, public safety and Security is an issue for commercial, public safety and military usersmilitary users

• Military and public safety users require similar secure Military and public safety users require similar secure speech servicesspeech services

• Provide security against disruption - eavesdropping, Provide security against disruption - eavesdropping, spoofing and denial of servicespoofing and denial of service

• Air interface Air interface andand end-to-end encryption end-to-end encryption• AuthenticationAuthentication• Key managementKey management

• Air interface Air interface andand end-to-end encryption end-to-end encryption• AuthenticationAuthentication• Key managementKey management

• Users still want interoperability - securelyUsers still want interoperability - securely• Users still want interoperability - securelyUsers still want interoperability - securely


TETRA Security and Fraud Prevention GroupTETRA Security and Fraud Prevention GroupTETRA Security and Fraud Prevention GroupTETRA Security and Fraud Prevention Group

Guidance on implementing interoperable end-to-end encryption within ETSI Standards

Prepared with public safety, commercial & military input

Courtesy of D Parkinson, BT Exact

• SFPG Rec 02 gives guidance SFPG Rec 02 gives guidance within the standardswithin the standards

• Choice of algorithms up to Choice of algorithms up to usersusers

• Support for TETRA Release 2 Support for TETRA Release 2 (additional vocoders)(additional vocoders)

• SFPG Security MasterclassSFPG Security Masterclass

• SFPG Rec 02 gives guidance SFPG Rec 02 gives guidance within the standardswithin the standards

• Choice of algorithms up to Choice of algorithms up to usersusers

• Support for TETRA Release 2 Support for TETRA Release 2 (additional vocoders)(additional vocoders)

• SFPG Security MasterclassSFPG Security Masterclass


ETSI Standards and SFPG RecommendationsETSI Standards and SFPG RecommendationsETSI Standards and SFPG RecommendationsETSI Standards and SFPG Recommendations

• ETSI standards ETSI standards give flexibility on give flexibility on how to implement how to implement End to end End to end encryptionencryption

• SFPG Rec 02 SFPG Rec 02 gives guidance gives guidance within the within the standardsstandards

• Choice of Choice of algorithms up to algorithms up to usersusers

• Support for Support for TETRA Release 2 TETRA Release 2 (additional (additional vocoders)vocoders)

• ETSI standards ETSI standards give flexibility on give flexibility on how to implement how to implement End to end End to end encryptionencryption

• SFPG Rec 02 SFPG Rec 02 gives guidance gives guidance within the within the standardsstandards

• Choice of Choice of algorithms up to algorithms up to usersusers

• Support for Support for TETRA Release 2 TETRA Release 2 (additional (additional vocoders)vocoders)

TETRA Standards

End to End Encryption

SFPG Recommendation 02

AlgorithmVocoder

Commercial or national

(public safety or military)algorithm

Vocoder(TETRA ACELP,AMR or MELPe)


End to End SecurityEnd to End SecurityEnd to End SecurityEnd to End Security

• End-to-end Secure TETRA terminals on trial by End-to-end Secure TETRA terminals on trial by NC3A / SFOR / BRITFOR NC3A / SFOR / BRITFOR

• SFPG Rec 02 v3SFPG Rec 02 v3• Support for AESSupport for AES

• Advanced Encryption StandardAdvanced Encryption Standard• NSA competition, 128 bitNSA competition, 128 bit

• SFPG Rec 02 can support SFPG Rec 02 can support additional voice codecsadditional voice codecs

• Approval for military useApproval for military use• Needs approval by the same bodies who approve Needs approval by the same bodies who approve

Public Safety securityPublic Safety security

• End-to-end Secure TETRA terminals on trial by End-to-end Secure TETRA terminals on trial by NC3A / SFOR / BRITFOR NC3A / SFOR / BRITFOR

• SFPG Rec 02 v3SFPG Rec 02 v3• Support for AESSupport for AES

• Advanced Encryption StandardAdvanced Encryption Standard• NSA competition, 128 bitNSA competition, 128 bit

• SFPG Rec 02 can support SFPG Rec 02 can support additional voice codecsadditional voice codecs

• Approval for military useApproval for military use• Needs approval by the same bodies who approve Needs approval by the same bodies who approve

Public Safety securityPublic Safety security

Courtesy of THALES


NATO Voice CoderNATO Voice CoderNATO Voice CoderNATO Voice Coder

TETRA release 2 requested additional voice codecs

- 3G AMR plus …. “new voice coders utilising the latest low bit-rate technology”


NATO Voice Coder NATO Voice Coder Stanag 4591Stanag 4591

NATO Voice Coder NATO Voice Coder Stanag 4591Stanag 4591

• Cons Cons • Frame length is 22.5 ms, Frame length is 22.5 ms,

– Not a convenient size for TETRANot a convenient size for TETRA

• IPRIPR

• Other informationOther information

• 1200 bps mode – not relevant to 1200 bps mode – not relevant to

TETRATETRA

– Benefits too smallBenefits too small

– Costs too greatCosts too great

• Cons Cons • Frame length is 22.5 ms, Frame length is 22.5 ms,

– Not a convenient size for TETRANot a convenient size for TETRA

• IPRIPR

• Other informationOther information

• 1200 bps mode – not relevant to 1200 bps mode – not relevant to

TETRATETRA

– Benefits too smallBenefits too small

– Costs too greatCosts too great

• ProsPros• Low data rate - 2400 bps Low data rate - 2400 bps

• Performance comparable to TETRA 1Performance comparable to TETRA 1

• Suppression of background noiseSuppression of background noise

• Developed for high noise Developed for high noise

environmentsenvironments

• Interoperable with other systemsInteroperable with other systems

–Many military and some government Many military and some government

systems use voice codersystems use voice coder

• IPR freeIPR free

• ProsPros• Low data rate - 2400 bps Low data rate - 2400 bps

• Performance comparable to TETRA 1Performance comparable to TETRA 1

• Suppression of background noiseSuppression of background noise

• Developed for high noise Developed for high noise

environmentsenvironments

• Interoperable with other systemsInteroperable with other systems

–Many military and some government Many military and some government

systems use voice codersystems use voice coder

• IPR freeIPR free


The New NATO Voice Coder:The New NATO Voice Coder:Tested in a wide range of environmentsTested in a wide range of environments

The New NATO Voice Coder:The New NATO Voice Coder:Tested in a wide range of environmentsTested in a wide range of environments

HMMWV Bradley Fighting Vehicle LeClerc Tank Automobile

Quiet

Modern Office

Gaussian noise

MCE field shelter

Blackhawk helicopter Mirage 2000 F-15

.. and in English, French, German, Dutch, Polish and Turkish


Selecting the new NATO Voice CoderSelecting the new NATO Voice CoderSelecting the new NATO Voice CoderSelecting the new NATO Voice Coder

• Over 28,000 filesOver 28,000 files

• Over 13 GB of processed speech dataOver 13 GB of processed speech data

• Over 200 hours of speech Over 200 hours of speech

• Over 28,000 filesOver 28,000 files

• Over 13 GB of processed speech dataOver 13 GB of processed speech data

• Over 200 hours of speech Over 200 hours of speech

3 test labs

x 5 tests x 12 noise conditions

x 9 coders (+ 8 MNRU levels)

x 88 files per test


Military vs Civil VocodersMilitary vs Civil VocodersMilitary vs Civil VocodersMilitary vs Civil Vocoders

0

20

40

60

80

COTS X (6k) COTS Y (4.5k) COTS Z (4.5k) S4591 (2.4k)

Quiet

0

20

40

60

80

COTS X (6k) COTS Y (4.5k) COTS Z (4.5k) S4591 (2.4k)

Quiet

Female speaker

Military voice coder (STANAG 4591) offers comparable or improved performance over voice coders used in existing COTS PMR systems.

Throughput requirements are much reduced.

Designed to work in noisy environments.


Further information on STANAG 4591 Further information on STANAG 4591 Further information on STANAG 4591 Further information on STANAG 4591

Stanag 4591 test and selection processStreet MD and Collura JS, “The test and selection of the future NATO narrow band voice coder”, RCMCIS - NATO Regional Conference on Military CIS, Warsaw, Zegrze, October 2001. Street MD, “Selection of the future NATO narrow band voice coder”, NC3A Technical Notes 881 & 912.

http://nc3a.info/Voice

MELPe: the selected voice coderCollura JS and Rahikka DJ, “Interoperable secure voice communications in tactical systems, IEE coll. on Speech coding algorithms for radio channels, London, February 2000.

An overview of the MELP voice coder and its use in military environments http://www.iee.org/OnComms/pn/communications

Collura JS, Rahikka DJ, Fuja TE, Sridhara D and Fazel T, “Error coding strategies for MELP vocoder in wireless and ATM environments”, IEE coll. on Speech coding algorithms for radio channels, London, February 2000.

Performance of MELP with a variety of different error correction mechanismshttp://www.iee.org/OnComms/pn/communications

NC3A’s STANAG 4591 Serverhttp://s4591.nc3a.nato.int


• MoU on common frequency allocation has been signed by most European countries

• Some nations sharing allocation and responsibility for public safety and commercial use - operational benefits

• Could share military and civil allocations - operational benefits, political risks

Public Safety & SecurityCurrently ReservedNATO Military

380380 390390 400400383383 385385 395395393393

Frequency Allocation in EuropeFrequency Allocation in EuropeFrequency Allocation in EuropeFrequency Allocation in Europe


Does TETRA meet military requirements ?Does TETRA meet military requirements ?Does TETRA meet military requirements ?Does TETRA meet military requirements ?

• Services Services • Applications Applications • Ease of deployment Ease of deployment • Interoperability Interoperability • Security Security

• Services Services • Applications Applications • Ease of deployment Ease of deployment • Interoperability Interoperability • Security Security

20 th november 2002tetra world congress 2002 nato unclassified 1 tetra for military communications...

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