20 th century1 (modern classical music). 20 th century2 impressionist music impressionism is a term...
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20th Century 1
2020thth Century Century
(Modern Classical music)
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20th Century 2
Impressionist musicImpressionist music
• Impressionism is a term borrowed from painting. – vague and hazy
outlines.
• Debussy wrote L'Apres-midi d'un Faune in 1894 his first “impressionist” work
• A reaction to the late romantic German style.
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20th Century 3
ImpressionistImpressionist
• Chords are used for their expressive “colour”
• The usual laws of harmony are suspended
• Discords and sounds are allowed to merge (e.g. using the sustaining pedal in piano pieces)
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20th Century 4
ImpressionistImpressionist• Flowing streams of Parallel Chords
-7ths,11ths, and 13ths
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20th Century 5
ImpressionistImpressionist• Debussy uses:• Pentatonic scale
• MODES - Scales that are neither major or minor but ancient or non western collections of notes with different patterns of tones and semitones.
• Ostinato –repeated patterns (like riffs) in the accompaniment
• Programme Music- “evokes” or “suggests” a picture or a scene
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20th Century 6
ImpressionistImpressionist
• Debussy uses:
• WHOLE TONE SCALE the intervals between each of the notes is a tone, whereas in major and minor scales the intervals are a mixture of tones and semitones
Genie Scale WHOLE New World
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20th Century 7
ImpressionismImpressionism
• Debussy's Impressionist pieces include: » La Mer» Nocturnes» Images
• Other composers wrote in an impressionist style e.g.
• Respighi -Pines of Rome• De Falla -Gardens of Spain
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20th Century 8
• Jazz influences• As well as folk influences some composers
experimented with jazz and Blues in their compositions. They used:
• The blues Scale.• Syncopation and complex rhythms to make the
music sound improvised.• Jazz instruments added to the orchestra -
MUTED brass, saxophones etc.• Jazz effects - GLISSANDO- sliding between
notes.
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20th Century 9
• Examples of Jazz influences in 20th Century music include:
• George Gershwin -Rhapsody in Blue
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20th Century 10
Rhapsody in BlueRhapsody in BlueThe Orchestra used borrowed certain Jazzy Features such as:
Clarinet GlissandoBanjoTrumpets played with Wah wah mutesBlues scale
SyncopationJazz Chords
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20th Century 11
The prominence of the piano makes the piece more like a piano concerto
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20th Century 12
Rhapsody in BlueRhapsody in Blue
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20th Century 13
2020thth Century features Century features
• Irregular metre: changing time signatures or unusual time signatures
• CROSS RHYTHMS playing conflicting rhythms against each other to create excitement
• Smaller orchestra using percussion and wind instruments more than the more lush and expressive strings.
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20th Century 14
• What else makes the music sound like it was written in the 20th Century?
• Abrupt modulations• Deliberate wrong notes/ Discords and
note clusters (where the notes are close together rather than evenly spaced as they are in a chord)
• The music can often sound angry or disturbing
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20th Century 15
• Piano used as part of the orchestra• lots of percussion• unusual instruments• Instruments played in unusual ways:• COL LEGNO - string instruments played
with the back of the bow• FLUTTER TONGUING- rolled "rrr.." sound
while playing wind instruments.• MUTED on string instruments but
particularly on Brass instruments where the timbre is made thinner and more metallic sounding.
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20th Century 16
2020thth century Atonal music century Atonal music
• 20th Century ATONAL• Schoenberg and his pupils Webern and
Berg are a group of composers working in Vienna at the turn of the Century who are sometimes called the Second Viennese school
• In his early music Schoenberg wrote in the expressive late romantic style.
• As the music became increasingly chromatic it ultimately became ATONAL, rejecting key or tonal centre
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20th Century 17
2020thth century Atonal music century Atonal music
• the 12 notes of the chromatic scale are laid out in a random order and called a theme– They can be developed by ;
• reversing them (retrograde)• Turning them upside down (Inversion)• Both, (Retrograde inversion)
• Any music that sounds deliberately ugly or “random” is probably from the 20th century
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20th Century 18
2020thth Century Atonal Century Atonal
• ALEATORIC or Chance-choice music• Uses unpredictability as part of composition or
performing process• improvisation• eg players choose when and/or what to play• All about experimenting (like performance art)
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20th Century 19
More recent modern musicMore recent modern music
• MINIMALIST. – many repeated patterns – repeated sections, – deceptively complicated,
• cross rhythms,• polyrhythms• polytonality.( two different keys at the same time)
• composers: Philip Glass and Steve Reich
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20th Century 20
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20th Century 21