20 october [email protected]. 321450 management of information technology chapter 6 chapter 6 it...
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321450321450 Management Management of of I nf or mat i on I nf or mat i on
TechnologyTechnology
321450321450 Management Management of of I nf or mat i on I nf or mat i on
TechnologyTechnology
Chapter 6Chapter 6
IT Infrastructure and IT Infrastructure and PlatformPlatformss
Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua- E mail : [email protected] E mail : [email protected]
http://http://www.informaticswww.informatics.buu.ac.th/~wich.buu.ac.th/~wichaiai
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IT Infrastructure and business IT Infrastructure and business capabilitiescapabilities
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IT Infrastructure and business IT Infrastructure and business capabilitiescapabilities
The services a firm is capable of providing to its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its infrastructure
This infrastructure should support the firm’s information systems strategy
New information technologies have a powerful impact on business and IT strategies, as well as the services that can be provided to customers
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IT Infrastructure?IT Infrastructure?
What is IT Infrastructure? IT Infrastructure is the shared
technology resources that provided the platform for the firm’s specification information system applications
IT Infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that are shared across the entire firm
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IT Infrastructure?IT Infrastructure?
IT Infrastructure is a set of firmwide services budgeted by management and comprising both human and technical capabilities
These services include Computing platforms Telecommunication services Data management services (cont.)
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IT Infrastructure? (cont.)IT Infrastructure? (cont.)
Data management services Application software services Physical facilities management
services IT management services IT standard services IT education services IT research and development services
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Levels of IT InfrastructureLevels of IT Infrastructure
Firm infrastructure is organized at 3 major levels Public Enterprise Business
There may be other low levels Departments Individual employees
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Levels of IT InfrastructureLevels of IT Infrastructure
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
The IT infrastructure in organizations today is an outgrowth of over 50 years of evolution in computing platforms
We identified five stages in this evolution, each representing a different configuration of computing power and infrastructure elements
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
The five eras are Automated special-purpose
machines General-purpose mainframe and
minicomputer computing Personal computers Client/server networks Enterprise and Internet computing
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Electronic Accounting Machine Era: 1930-1950
Sort computer cards into bins, accumulate totals, and print reports.
Large and cumbersome Programs were hardwired into circuit
boards No programmers Human machine operators are operating
system, controlling all system resources.
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era: 1959 to present
UNIVAC - first commercial all-electronic vacuum tube computer in 1950s
IBM 1401 and 7090 transistorized machines named mainframe in 1959
IBM 360 series - first commercial computer with powerful operating system providing time sharing, multitasking, and virtual memory in 1965
(cont.)
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era: 1959 to present (cont.)
Today IBM mainframe can work with a wide variety of different manufacturers’ computers and multiple OS on client/server networks and Internet technology standard
DEC introduced minicomputer PDP-11 in 1965 and later VAX machines - powerful machines at far lower prices than IBM mainframes
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Fig 6-3 a
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Personal Computer Era: 1981 to present First truly personal computer MIT’s
Altair, and Apple I and II appeared in 1970s
IBM PC in 1981 credited as beginning of PC era because it was widely adopted in American businesses
First using DOS operating system, later Microsoft Windows
Wintel PC computer became the standard desktop personal computer
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Personal Computer Era: 1981 to present (cont.)
Today, 95% of world’s estimated 1 billion computers used Wintel standard
Since 1981, PC software productivity as word processors, spreadsheet, presentation and small data management were valuable to both home and corporate users
These PCs were standalone until PC operating system made it possible to link into networks
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Client/server Era: 1983 to present In client/server computing, desktop or
laptop called clients are networked to server that provided the client with a variety of services and capabilities
A client is the user point of entry, server provides communication among the clients, processes and stores shared data, serves up Web pages, or manages network activities
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Client/server Era: 1983 to present (cont.)
The term server refers to both the software application and the physical computer on which the network software runs
The server could be a mainframe or PC often using multiple processors
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Client/server Era: 1983 to present (cont.)
Simple client/server architecture - two tiered
Multitiered or N-tier Novell Netware was the leading
technology at the beginning Today Microsoft Windows Server
controls 78% of LAN market
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Fig 6-4
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Enterprise Internet Era: 1992 to present In early 1990s, firms turned to
networking standards and software tools and could integrate disparate networks into an enterprise infrastructure
In 1995 Internet was developed using TCP/IP
IT infrastructure links different types and brands of hardware and small networks into enterprise-wide network
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Fig 6-3 c
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Enterprise Internet Era: 1992 to present (cont.)
IT infrastructure links different types and brands of hardware and small networks into enterprise-wide network
Enterprise networks link mainframes, servers, PCs, mobile phones, and other handheld devices, and connect to public infrastructures such as the telephone system, the Internet and public network services.
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Table 6-1a
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Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-
Table 6-1b
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
The changes in IT infrastructure have resulted from developments in
Computer processing and memory chips
Storage devices Telecommunications and networking
hardware and software Software design Having exponentially increased
computing power while reducing costs
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power Gordon Moore, the director of Fairchild
Semiconductor’s Research and Development Laboratory
In 1965, Moore wrote in Electronic magazine that “since the first microprocessor chip was introduced in 1959, the number of components on a chip had doubled each year” (later reduced to two years)
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power Later this became the foundation of
Moore’s Law This law would be interpreted in 3
variations1. The power of microprocessor doubles
every 18 months2. Computing power doubles every 18
months3. The price of computing falls by half
every 18 months
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power
Fig 6-5
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power
Fig 6-5
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Falling Cost of ChipsFalling Cost of ChipsFalling Cost of ChipsFalling Cost of Chips
Law of Mass Digital Storage Fig 6-8
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Law of Mass Digital Storage The world produces as much as 5
exabytes (a billion GB) of unique information per year. The amount of information is roughly doubling every year
Almost all of this information growth involves magnetic storage of digital data, and printed document account for only 0.003% of the annual growth
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Law of Mass Digital Storage Fortunately, the cost of storing digital
information is falling at an exponential rate
Beginning Seagate506 in 1980 had 5 MB memory has grown at compound annual rate of 25% in early year to over 60% a year since 1990
Fig 6-9 shows number of KB can store on magnetic disk for one dollar from 1950 to 2004 roughly doubled every 15 months
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
Law of Mass Digital Storage Fig 6-9
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Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution
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Infrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure Components
IT infrastructure today is composed of 7 major components
Computer Hardware Platforms Operating System Platforms Enterprise Software Applications Data Management and Storage Network/Telecommunications
Platforms Internet Platforms Consultants and System Integrators
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Infrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure Components
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IT Infrastructure and IT Infrastructure and PlatformsPlatforms
End of Part a
(Cont.)
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Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?
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