Ch. 20: Girding for War: The North and the South

Theme: The North effectively brought to bear its long-term advantages of industrial might and human resources to wage a devastating total war against the South. The war helped organize and modernize northern society, while the South, despite heroic efforts, was economically and socially crushed.Theme: Lincoln’s skilled political leadership helped keep the crucial Border States in the Union and maintain northern morale, while his effective diplomacy kept Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy.

I. PoliticsA. President Lincoln Inauguration

1. Capable Cabinet2. Fort Sumter, April 1861

B. Union and “honest Abe”1. Border States

a. Suspension of habeaus corpus2. “Preserving the Union” at all costs

C. Confederacy 1. Defensive War2. Talented Military leaders3. Embattled President4. Foreign Intervention?

a. Trent Affair and C.S.S. Alabamab. Charles Francis Adamsc. Maximillian

D. Other Voices of Opposition1. Clement Vallandigham2. “mountain whites”

II. MilitaryA. Union

1. Volunteers (90%)2. Conscription, 1863

a. Substitutes or exemptionsb. New York Riots, 1863

3. African-Americansa. Emancipation Proclamation,

1862B. Confederacy

1. Jefferson Davis2. Failure of “King Cotton”3. Volunteers4. Conscription, 18625. Foreign Intervention6. Slaves and Native Americans

III. Economics…how to pay for the war?

A. Union-stronger economy 1. Morrill Tariff Act, 1861 2. 1st Income Tax3. “Greenbacks”-$450 million4. U.S. Treasury Bonds5. National Banking System,

1863B. Confederacy-Failure of

“King Cotton”1. Blockade cut customs duties2. Government bonds3. Taxes were challenged by

state rightists!4. Forced to lots paper money0 100 200

Pop

RRTracks

Mules

Horses

Crops

Cotton

Factories

BankDep

UnionConf

Helpful Vocabulary

• Habeas corpus: A judicial order requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court at a specified time and place in order to determined the legality of the imprisonment

• Greenback: US paper currency, especially that printed before the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.