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TEKS Preparation and Study Guide

2grade TEKS Preparation and Study Guide

• Lesson summary with review questions for each lesson• Chapter Reviews in the Texas science exam format• Test-taking tips help you succeed on tests

Track Your Learning Online• See what you already know.• Check what you know at the end of each lesson and chapter.• Get More Practice on skills and/or content, based on your performance.• Predict your Texas science exam readiness with unit-level

benchmark assessments.Get extra practice instantly online!

ISBN -13: 978-0-328-76441-9 ISBN -10: 0-328-76441-8

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0N4 18 17 16 15 14

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to Rights Management & Contracts, Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030.

Cover image credit: Roy Toft/National Geographic/Getty Images

Glenview, Illinois Boston, Massachusetts Chandler, Arizona Hoboken, New Jersey

TEKS Preparationand Study Guide

2grade

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Table of Contents

About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivTest-Taking Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viChapter 1 The Nature of Science

Lesson 1 What questions do scientists ask? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Lesson 2 What kinds of skills do scientists use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Lesson 3 How do scientists use tools and stay safe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Lesson 4 How do scientists find answers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Lesson 5 How do scientists collect and share data? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 2 MatterLesson 1 What are some properties of matter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Lesson 2 What are solids, liquids, and gases? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Lesson 3 What are some ways matter can change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Lesson 4 How can cooling and heating affect matter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Lesson 5 How can you combine materials? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Chapter 3 Energy, Motion, and ForceLesson 1 What are some kinds of energy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Lesson 2 What are magnets? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Lesson 3 What are position and motion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Chapter 4 Earth’s MaterialsLesson 1 How can you describe rocks? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Lesson 2 Where can you find water on Earth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Lesson 3 What are natural and manmade resources? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Chapter 5 Earth and SkyLesson 1 How can you describe weather? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Lesson 2 How can you measure weather? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Lesson 3 How does weather change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Lesson 4 What is the water cycle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Lesson 5 What are the moon and the stars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

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Chapter 6 Plants and AnimalsLesson 1 What do plants need? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Lesson 2 What do animals need? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Lesson 3 Where do plants and animals live? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Lesson 4 How does the environment affect growth and behavior? . . . . . . . 35Lesson 5 How do living things get food? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Chapter 7 EnvironmentsLesson 1 How do animals survive in their environment? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Lesson 2 What are the parts of plants? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Lesson 3 What are the life cycles of some insects? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42


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Test-Taking Strategies:Use Information from TextReview the StrategySometimes you will be given words to read before the questions. Always read all of the words before answering the question.

After you choose an answer check back in the text to make sure you are correct. If you are unsure of an answer to a question, read the words again to look for the answer.

Alligators are reptiles that live in habitats mostly covered in water. These habitats are called wetlands. Alligators can grow up to 15 feet long and can live to be 50 years old. Use What You KnowRemember that reading the words will help you answer the questions.

1 How big can alligators grow?A Up to 5 feet longB Up to 10 feet longC Up to 15 feet longD Up to 50 feet long

The correct answer is C. The passage said that alligators can grow up to 15 feet long.

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About This Book

▶ Test-Taking Strategies, such as Anticipate the Answer and Use Information from Text will help you answer questions.

★Test-Taking Strategies

This TEKS Preparation and Study Guide focuses on the Grade 2 curriculum required by the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS).

The book provides Test-Taking Strategies and Lesson Summaries and Reviews. It follows the Table of Contents of Pearson’s Texas Interactive Science Student Edition.


iv

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Chapter 1Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Review

Read each question. Choose the best answer to the question.

1 Which question might a scientist ask?

A Where is the library?

B Why does it get dark at night?

C What’s on TV tonight?

D What’s your last name?

2 How could a scientist prove that alligators make noise?

F By smelling an alligator

G By touching an alligator

H By looking at an alligator

J By listening to an alligator

3 Which tool should a scientist use to stay safe?

A Safety goggles

B A ruler

C A pan balance

D A rain gauge


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Chapter 1Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Read the lesson summary. Choose the answer to the question.

Scientists are people who study the world around them.Scientists ask questions about many things.Inquiry means to ask questions and look for answers.

Scientists use inquiry to look for ways to solve problems. Scientists want to discover new things about the world.1 Which question might a scientist ask?A How do you get to the mall?B Will a leaf float on water?C What are you doing tonight?D What do you have for lunch?

Summary:What questions do scientists ask?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.1

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◀ The Chapter Review is a chapter-level test in a multiple-choice format.

▶ The Lesson Summary summarizes each lesson found in the student edition and gives you the opportunity to practice answering a question.

Summary and Chapter Review


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Test-Taking Strategies:Anticipate the Answer

Review the Strategy

One way to answer a multiple-choice question is to predict the answer before reading the choices. Then apply your prediction to the correct answer choice.

Use What You Know

Read the question below.

Think about a bridge you have seen.

What do you think that bridge was made of?

It was probably a hard metal like iron or steel.

1 Which material would be best for building a bridge for cars to use?A WoodB SteelC RubberD Plastic

The correct answer is B, which is one of your predictions. The other answers do not match your prediction.


vi

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Test-Taking Strategies:Use the Process of Elimination

Review the Strategy

Sometimes you are not able to think of a prediction.

Or your prediction is not one of the answer choices.

You may look at the answer choices and not be sure which one is correct.

When this happens, you can eliminate, or cross out, the choices you know are wrong.

Use What You Know

Read the question below.

Do any of those animals not have antlers? Cross out those choices. If you eliminate three choices, then the remaining choice must be correct.

1 Which animal has antlers?A RabbitB TurtleC LionD Caribou

The correct answer is D. You know that rabbits have long ears, turtles have shells, and lions have furry manes. None of these animals have antlers.


vii

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Review the Strategy

Some questions ask you what comes first, before, after, or last. Use these key words to help you find the answer.

The Water Cycle

Water falls from clouds to the ground as precipitation.

The sun comes out and dries up the water.

The water evaporates into water vapor.

The water vapor condenses back into clouds.

The cycle repeats.

Use What you Know

Read the question. Do you remember when that happened? Use the key word to help you find the answer.

1 What event occurs after water evaporates into water vapor?A The sun comes out and dries up the water.B Water falls from clouds.C The water vapor condenses back into clouds.D The cycle repeats.

The correct answer is C. The key word after is in the question. Look for the event that follows.

Test-Taking Strategies:Identify the Sequence of Events


viii


Test-Taking Strategies:Interpret Tables

Review the Strategy

Tables show collected information. Read the title and the words in the columns to understand the table.

Mr. Martin’s Class Weather Chart

Snowy Days Sunny Days Cloudy Days Rainy Days

|||| |||| || | |||| ||

Use What You Know

Look at the table on this page. It gives a tally of the type of weather Mr. Martin’s class observed. Use the information in the table to answer the question.

1 Based on the table, in which season do you think Mr. Martin’s class recorded this data?A SpringB SummerC WinterD Fall

The correct answer is C. You can tell from the table that most of the days were snowy. Winter is the season with snowy weather.


ix


Test-Taking Strategies:Use Information from Graphics

Review the Strategy

Graphics make information easier to read and understand. Graphics include pictures with descriptions. Words that are bold are important. Be sure to read all of the labels.

Parts of a Plant

Flower

Leaf

Stem

Roots

Use What You Know

Look at the graphic on this page. Use the information in the graphic to answer the question.

1 Based on the graphic, which part of the plant carries water and nutrients to the leaves?A RootsB StemC FlowerD Seeds

The correct answer is B. The graphic describes what each part of the plant does. The description of the stem matches the question.


x


Test-Taking Strategies:Use Information from Text

Review the Strategy

Sometimes you will be given words to read before the questions. Always read all of the words before answering the question.

After you choose an answer check back in the text to make sure you are correct. If you are unsure of an answer to a question, read the words again to look for the answer.

Alligators are reptiles that live in habitats mostly covered in water. These habitats are called wetlands. Alligators can grow up to 15 feet long and can live to be 50 years old.

Use What You Know

Remember that reading the words will help you answer the questions.

1 How big can alligators grow?A Up to 5 feet longB Up to 10 feet longC Up to 15 feet longD Up to 50 feet long

The correct answer is C. The passage said that alligators can grow up to 15 feet long.


xi


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Chapter 1Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Scientists are people who study the world around them.Scientists ask questions about many things.Inquiry means to ask questions and look for answers. Scientists use inquiry to look for ways to solve problems. Scientists want to discover new things about the world.

1 Which question might a scientist ask?A How do you get to the mall?

B Will a leaf float on water?

C What are you doing tonight?

D What do you have for lunch?

Summary:What questions do scientists ask?


1


Chapter 1Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Scientists use their five senses to observe the world.Scientists can learn new things by doing experiments.Scientists learn from each other by asking questions.Scientists can predict what will happen based on what they observe.Classify means to put things in groups.Scientists also compare and contrast what they observe.

2 How could a scientist prove something feels soft?F By touching it

G By smelling it

H By listening to it

J By tasting it

Summary:What kinds of skills do scientists use?


2

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Chapter 1Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How do scientists use tools and stay safe?


Scientists use tools to observe.A hand lens is a tool that makes things look bigger.Scientists use measuring tools to gather data.Scientists use other tools to record the data they gather.Some tools help keep scientists safe.Scientists record the steps they take to answer questions.Scientists can repeat the steps taken by other scientists.

3 Which tool should a scientist use to measure temperature?A Safety goggles

B A measuring cup

C A microscope

D A thermometer


3

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Chapter 1Lesson 4

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


in the light in the dark

Scientists investigate to find answers to questions.A hypothesis is a possible answer to a question.Scientists conduct tests to determine if a hypothesis is correct.Scientists repeat the tests to determine if the results are the same.Scientists draw conclusions after they repeat an investigation.

4 Why should a scientist repeat his or her investigation?F Because repeating the investigation is fun

G To show that his or her initial guess was right

H To make sure the result is the same

J To create more work for the scientist

Summary:How do scientists find answers?


4


Chapter 1Lesson 5

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How do scientists collect and share data?


water

starch

mineralsvitamins

fiberprotein

sugarfat

Data is the information that scientists gather when they observe something.Scientists make their conclusions by studying data.Scientists can draw conclusions based on what they observe and the data they gather.Data helps scientists learn new things.Charts and tables are ways scientists organize data.Scientists can use graphs to compare data.

5 Why do scientists use tables and charts?A Tables and charts help them to organize data.

B Tables and charts are pretty to look at.

C Making tables and charts is easier than drawing a picture.

D Scientists only draw what they see.Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

5



Review


1 Which question might a scientist ask?

A Where is the library?

B Why does it get dark at night?

C What’s on TV tonight?

D What’s your last name?

2 How could a scientist prove that alligators make noise?

F By smelling an alligator

G By touching an alligator

H By looking at an alligator

J By listening to an alligator

3 Which tool should a scientist use to stay safe?

A Safety goggles

B A ruler

C A pan balance

D A rain gauge


6

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4 When does a scientist draw a conclusion?

F Before doing an investigation

G During an investigation

H After repeating an investigation

J After making a hypothesis

5 What do scientists call the information in a table?

A Hypothesis

B Data

C Conclusion

D Inquiry


7


Chapter 2Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.Mass is the amount of matter in an object. A property is something about an object you can observe with your senses.Weight is how heavy or light an object is.Objects with more mass have more weight. Color is a property of matter. Texture is a property of matter. Shape is the form that matter takes. Size is how big or small an object is.Flexibility is being able to bend without breaking.Temperature tells how hot or cold something is.A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature.

1 What property do an orange and a baseball share?

A They have the same color.

B They have the same shape.

C They have the same texture.

D They have the same flexibility.

Summary:What are some properties of matter?


8


Chapter 2Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Matter can be a solid, liquid, or gas. Solid is matter that keeps its own size and shape. A pencil is a solid. Liquid is matter that takes the shape of its container. Water is a liquid. Gas is matter that does not have its own size or shape. Gas fills whatever container it is in.

2 What type of matter is inside a blown-up balloon?

F Solid

G Liquid

H Gas

J Ice

Summary:What are solids, liquids, and gases?


9


Chapter 2Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Matter can change in many ways.A physical change happens when matter changes size or shape. Cutting and breaking solid objects are physical changes.Melting is when solid matter becomes liquid matter.Freezing is when liquid matter becomes solid.Some matter can be changed completely. Dough changes into bread when it is baked.

3 Peter is going to cut objects with scissors. Which object can Peter put back together without using tools to help him?

A PaperB StringC ClayD Pipe cleaners

Summary:What are some ways matter can change?


10


Chapter 2Lesson 4

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How can cooling and heating affect matter?


Cooling and heating can change the state of matter.Volume is the amount of space matter takes up. Warm air causes ice to melt.Cold air causes water to freeze.Liquids evaporate when they change into a gas.

4 What will happen to an ice cube that is left in the sun?

F The ice cube will melt into liquid.

G The ice cube will break into pieces.

H The ice cube will stay the same.

J The ice cube will become solid.


11


Chapter 2Lesson 5

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Materials have many different properties.You combine materials when you put them together.Many objects are made up of more than one material.Steel and concrete are made of strong materials. Steel and concrete are used to build structures.Structures are things that are constructed.

5 Which material is used to make roads?

A Concrete

B Plastic

C Glass

D Wood

Summary:How can you combine materials?


12



Review


1 Which two properties best describe a pencil?

A Heavy and squareB Long and hardC Big and flexibleD Rough and flat

2 What type of matter is apple juice?

F SolidG GasH LiquidJ Water


13



Review

3 What can you do to dough to change its form of matter?

A You can bake the dough.B You can mold the dough.C You can tear the dough.D You can smooth the dough.

4 What will happen to a wax candle when it is lit?

F The wax will freeze.G The candle will change into something else.H The wax will melt.J The candle will change colors.

5 Which material would make the best bridge?

A PaperB StringC GlassD Steel


14


Chapter 3Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.Electricity is one kind of energy. Heat is the movement of energy from warmer places to cooler places. Light is another form of energy. Light makes things easier to see. Sound is also a form of energy. Sound is made when an object vibrates. Vibrate means to move quickly back and forth. Sound can be described by its volume.

1 Which sound has the loudest volume?A A quacking duck

B A fire alarm

C A whisper

D A ticking clock

Summary:What are some kinds of energy?


15


Chapter 3Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Magnets can attract some metal objects.Attract means to pull toward. Magnets can repel other magnets.Repel means to push away. Magnets have two poles.A pole is the place on a magnet that has the strongest push or pull.A magnet can pull an object without touching it.

2 Which object will a magnet attract?F Paper clip

G Button

H Toothpick

J Eraser

Summary:What are magnets?


16


Chapter 3Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Position is where an object or person is.Motion is the act of moving. Objects can move in many different ways.A push or a pull that makes something move is called a force.Sliding is when an object moves smoothly along a surface.Rolling is moving by turning over and over.Spinning is moving by twirling around and around.

3 A wheel on a car moves by .A pushing

B sliding

C rolling

D pulling

Summary:What are position and motion?


17



Review


1 What is warmest?

A Hard butterB Soft butterC Melted butterD All are the same temperature.

2 How does light affect how colorful a flower looks?

F Light does not affect how well color is seen.G Colors look brighter in well-lit areas.H Colors look darker in well-lit areas.J You can see colors better in low light.


18


3 You have two magnets. You try to put the north poles together. What happens?

A The magnets attract each other.B The magnets pull together.C The magnets repel each other. D The magnets do not pull together or pull apart.

4 Look at the picture. How is the car changing position?

F The car is rolling up the ramp.G The car is rolling down the ramp.H The car is rolling away from the ramp.J Position is not changing.


19


Chapter 4Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How can you describe rocks?


Earth is made of different rocks.Rocks are hard, solid parts of Earth.Rocks can be different shapes and sizes.Rocks can be rough or smooth.Rocks are made of minerals. Minerals are nonliving materials that come from Earth.Gold, silver, and iron are all minerals.

1 Which contains very large rocks?

A Sand

B Mountains

C Soil

D Pebbles


20


Chapter 4Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:Where can you find water on Earth?


Most of Earth’s surface is covered with water.Water is found in oceans, rivers, and lakes.The largest body of water on Earth is the ocean.The ocean contains salt water. People cannot drink salt water. Lakes and ponds contain fresh water. People can drink fresh water.Rivers and streams contain flowing water.Glaciers are giant bodies of frozen water.

2 Where is most of Earth’s water found?

F In the ocean

G Underground

H In rivers

J In lakes


21


Chapter 4Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:What are natural and manmade resources?


Natural resources are useful materials that come from Earth.Sunlight and water are natural resources that animals, plants, and people use.Oil and gas are natural resources used for fuel. Corn is a natural resource used to make food.People can conserve water by using it less.People can reduce, reuse, and recycle many materials to save resources.

3 Which resource can be recycled?

A Corn

B Wind

C Sunlight

D Plastic


22



Review


1 What are rocks made of?

A Minerals

B Wood

C Ice

D Soil

2 How would you describe the mineral gold?

F Dull and rough

G Shiny and smooth

H Blue and shiny

J Oval and rough

3 Which of the following contains salt water?

A Lakes

B Rivers

C Oceans

D Streams


23


4 Which is a source of drinking water?

F Glaciers

G The Atlantic Ocean

H The Gulf of Mexico

J Rivers and streams

5 What is one way to use less water?

A Turn off a dripping faucet.

B Turn the lights off when you leave.

C Wash out old cans.

D Recycle old newspapers.

6 Which natural resource is used to make paper?

F Water

G Trees

H Sunlight

J Oil


24


Chapter 5Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How can you describe weather?


Weather is what the air is like outside.Temperature tells how hot or cold something is.Precipitation is water that falls to Earth.A drought happens when a place gets little precipitation.

1 Which temperature is cold enough for it to snow?

��

��

��

�

��

��

��

�

��

��

��

�

A 21oC / 70oF

B 0oC / 32oF

C 16oC / 60oF

D 10oC / 50oF


25


Chapter 5Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How can you measure weather?


Wind is moving air that can push things around.Scientists can predict when storms will occur by measuring weather.Scientists have tools that can measure temperature, wind, and rainfall.Scientists look for patterns in data to make their predictions.

2 Which tool is used to measure temperature?

F Thermometer

G Wind vane

H Rain gauge

J Anemometer


26


Chapter 5Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Weather patterns occur when weather repeats itself.Daytime temperatures are higher than nighttime temperatures.There are four seasons that follow weather patterns.Spring is rainy and warmer than winter.Summer is sunny and warmer than spring.Fall is colder than summer and leaves change colors.Winter is snowy and colder than fall.

3 Which season is best for wearing shorts?

A Spring

B Summer

C Fall

D Winter

Summary:How does weather change?


27


Chapter 5Lesson 4

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


The water cycle is how water moves from Earth to the clouds and back again.Water falls to the ground from clouds as precipitation.The water on the ground evaporates into water vapor.The water vapor condenses and forms clouds.The water cycle repeats.

4 What causes the water in puddles to evaporate?

F Plants

G Clouds

H Rivers

J Sunlight

Summary:What is the water cycle?


28


Chapter 5Lesson 5

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:What are the moon and the stars?


The night sky occurs when that part of Earth faces away from the sun.Stars are burning gases of light and heat.Groups of stars in the night sky that form pictures are called constellations.The biggest and brightest object in the night sky is the moon.The moon is made of rock and is full of craters.The shape of the moon lighted by the sun is called a phase.Each phase occurs about once a month.

5 About how often does the moon appear full?

A Every night

B Every week

C Every month

D Every yearCopyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

29



Review


1 Which type of weather hides the sun?

A Cloudy

B Partly cloudy

C Windy

D Sunny

2 What is the name for a dry weather condition when there is very little rain?

F Sleet

G Drought

H Hurricane

J Storm

3 Which type of weather is best for flying a kite?

A Sunny

B Cloudy

C Rainy

D Windy


30


4 Which type of precipitation occurs the most during warm weather?

F Hail

G Snow

H Sleet

J Rain

5 Which outdoor activity is best done in the winter?

A Ice-skating

B Swimming

C Raking leaves

D Gardening

6 Which is the brightest object in the night sky?

F Stars

G The moon

H Constellations

J Shooting stars


31


Chapter 6Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:What do plants need?


Plants need space in order to grow.Nutrients are materials that living things need to live and grow.Plants need nutrients such as nitrogen.Plants need sunlight to turn air and water into food.Plants take in sunlight through their leaves.

1 Which plant requires the most space to grow?

A Corn plant

B Oak tree

C Prickly pear cactus

D A tulip


32


Chapter 6Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:What do animals need?


Nutrients give animals the energy to live and grow.Calcium is a nutrient that helps keep animals’ bones and teeth healthy.Animals need clean air and water to live.Shelters keep animals safe from danger.

2 How does an animal get the nutrients it needs?

F By running

G By breathing

H By eating

J By sleeping


33


Chapter 6Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Plants and animals live in places called habitats.Animals live in habitats that meet their needs.Forests are habitats with many plants and animals.The ocean is a habitat with plants and animals that like salt water.Deserts are dry habitats where food and water can be hard to find.Wetlands are habitats with plants and animals that like water.

3 In which habitat does a camel live?A Rain forest

B Desert

C Ocean

D Wetland

Summary:Where do plants and animals live?


34


Chapter 6Lesson 4

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How does the environment affect growth and behavior?


Plants and animals need to adapt to changes in their environments to survive.Animals such as bison adapt to changing weather by growing a thick coat.Animals such as birds and butterflies migrate to different locations to find food or to stay warm.Animals such as bears hibernate during the winter.Some plants adapt to the changing environment by going dormant.

4 Why do animals hibernate in the winter?

F It’s too warm outdoors.

G There are many predators in the winter.

H Snow makes animals very tired.

J It’s cold and food is hard to find.


35


Chapter 6Lesson 5

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How do living things get food?


Plants can make their own food from sunlight, water, and air.Animals get their food by eating plants or other animals.Plants and animals use food for energy to live and grow.Food chains show energy passing from one living thing to another.Predators are animals that catch and eat prey.There are different types of food chains for different habitats and environments.

5 Which animal is a predator?

BLM_043b_epsA Mouse

B Squirrel

C Fox

D Deer


36



Review


1 Which of the following do plants not need to live?

A Shelter

B Light

C Water

D Space

2 Where do animals get nutrients to live and grow?

F The sun

G Food

H Shelter

J Air

3 In which habitat might an animal use a log for a shelter?

A Ocean

B Desert

C Tundra

D Forest


37


4 What are bison doing when they grow a thick coat for the winter?

F They are hibernating.

G They are migrating.

H They are going dormant.

J They are adapting.

5 How do most food chains end?

A With a predator

B With prey

C With the sun

D With a plant

6 Which food chain includes squirrels and foxes?

F Beach food chain

G Garden and park food chains

H Lake food chain

J Forest food chain


38

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Chapter 7Lesson 1

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:How do animals survive in their environment?


Animals live all over the world in many different environments.Animals have body parts that help them survive.How animals behave also helps them survive.Fish have fins to help them swim in water. Fish swim in groups to be safe.Desert animals survive by looking for food at night instead of the day.Animals in cold places survive by growing thick layers of fat to stay warm.Grassland animals, such as prairie dogs, survive by living in groups and digging burrows.

1 Why do armadillos and turtles have hard shells?

A To help catch food

B To protect against predators

C To block out the sun

D To make noises to attract other animals


39


Chapter 7Lesson 2

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________

Summary:What are the parts of plants?


Plants need water, sunlight, and space to grow.The amount of water, sunlight, and space each plant needs is different.There are different parts of a plant that do different things.The roots hold the plant in the ground and take in water.The stem holds up the plant and carries the water and nutrients to the leaves.The leaves take in sunlight and air to make food for the plant.Plant seeds come from flowers, fruit, and cones.

2 Which part of the plant is in the soil?

F The flowers

G The leaves

H The roots

J The stemCopyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

40


Chapter 7Lesson 3

Name __________________________________________ Date _________________


Insects are living things with six legs.The way an insect grows and changes is called a life cycle.A butterfly’s life cycle begins as an egg.The egg hatches a larva called a caterpillar.The caterpillar eats until it is ready to grow a chrysalis and become a pupa.The last stage is when the pupa shell breaks to reveal a butterfly.A beetle also goes through a life cycle with four stages.

3 How do beetles and butterflies begin their life cycle?

A As an egg

B As a larva

C As a pupa

D As an adult insect

Summary:What are the life cycles of some insects?


41



Review


1 How do long legs help deer survive?

A To escape predators

B To climb trees

C To catch prey

D To dig holes

2 Why would an animal have white fur?

F To blend into the trees

G To blend into the snow

H To absorb sunlight

J To be easily seen

3 Which plant requires the least amount of water to live?

A Flower

B Tree

C Grass

D Cactus


42


4 Where do the seeds of an apple tree come from?

F The apple tree’s flower

G The apple tree’s cone

H The apple tree’s leaves

J The apple tree’s fruit

5 When does a caterpillar change into a butterfly?

A When it is inside the chrysalis

B When it is eating lots of food

C When it is inside of the egg

D When it becomes a larva

6 What is a beetle larva called?

F Chrysalis

G Mealworm

H Pupa

J Butterfly


43


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