2 source of competitiveness: creative knowledge & information “the most important survival...

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• Source of competitiveness: creative knowledge & information

“The most important survival strategy of firms & nations is to how to secure knowledge” (Lester C. Thurow , Prof. MIT)

Rapid transition towardRapid transition toward

Knowledge EconomyKnowledge Economy

• Key factors of competitiveness

- (Industrial era) tangible assets such as capital, labor, etc. → (knowledge economy) intangible assets such as technical power, design, brand, strong management system - Intangible assets represent 80% of the assets of S&P500 companies in the U.S. (Brookings Institution)

Change to Change to Competition Paradigm Competition Paradigm

1. Changes In Global Economy 1. Changes In Global Economy 1. Changes In Global Economy 1. Changes In Global Economy

Ⅰ. 21st Century Knowledge-Based Economy & IPRs

• Changes to major production factors

- (Industrial era) land· capital· resource→(knowledge economy) knowledge, information, technology - Carnegie, the steel king, Rockefeller, the oil king→MS Bill Gates, Amazon Jeff Bezos

“Wealth in 21st century will be for those individuals, firms & nations that first secure distinctive knowledge to create values for customers”(Alvin Toffler)

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2. Changes to Korea Economy & Industrial 2. Changes to Korea Economy & Industrial Structure Structure

2. Changes to Korea Economy & Industrial 2. Changes to Korea Economy & Industrial Structure Structure

Over the three decades, driving force in manufacturing has changed from textile, automobile to IT

Transition toward high-tech industrial structure with high values

State of the art technology products have become key export items

•IT products inc. chips, mobile handsets, TFT-LCD percentage in total exports : (’98) 22.8% → (’04) 31.0% → (’07) 34.0%

* From textile, clothes to semiconductors, automobile, and other capital-intensive products

Classification High growth era

(’71∼ ’87)Transition (’88 ∼ ’97)

Recovery after shock(’98 ∼ 현재 )

Growth IndustryTextile, heavy –chemical

industry Electronics, automobiles IT

Growth Momentum

Driven by investment, exports of heavy-chemical industry

Selection & concentration Entry into new business

leadership Decisive Innovative Creative

Economic Structure

Based on traditional manufacturing industry

Based on knowledge, information industry


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3. Korea’ Economy Status : low growth, high-expense, low value structure 3. Korea’ Economy Status : low growth, high-expense, low value structure 3. Korea’ Economy Status : low growth, high-expense, low value structure 3. Korea’ Economy Status : low growth, high-expense, low value structure

GDP per capita has stuck in $ 10,000 range since 95, with slowing growth.

* GDP per capita has stagnated around top 30 (’06, $18,392) (’91∼’06), growth: 8.5%(’00) → 5.0%(’06) → 4.9%(’07)

Korea’s hourly wage of manufacturing ($13.56) is 14 times greater than that of China. ($0.96), Korea’s entry level wage of college graduate is 94.6% of Japan’s.

* Korea’s labor productivity per hour is ¼ of Japan or the U.S.

Korean products’ value creation is undervalued compared to advanced nations.’

•Assuming products are same, U.S. and Japan products are valued at $149, German products at $155, Korean productsat $100. (Survey by KORTA on 2,809 from 21nations, Dec. ’06)

With lack of component materials, original technology increasing royalty, technical gap latecomers is narrowing.

* 26% of semiconductor and display equipment is Korean, IT technical gap bet. Korea and China : 2.6yr.(’03) → 1.7yr.(’06)

- How Korean manufacturing industry has responded to transition toward knowledge economy -

(Success : shipbuilding) advanced knowledge base, creating innovative new process such as ‘on-land shipbuilding’

to secure competitiveness - create high values by exporting LNG ship, oil rig, ice breaker (no. 1 in terms of contracts awarded in ’06)

(Failure : textile) settled to secure price competitiveness of commodity, being overtaken by Chinese counterparts with failure to transition. - Global textile export market share : (’85) Korea 7.0%, China 6.0% → (’03) Korea 3.5%, China 18.0%

- How Korean manufacturing industry has responded to transition toward knowledge economy -

(Success : shipbuilding) advanced knowledge base, creating innovative new process such as ‘on-land shipbuilding’

to secure competitiveness - create high values by exporting LNG ship, oil rig, ice breaker (no. 1 in terms of contracts awarded in ’06)

(Failure : textile) settled to secure price competitiveness of commodity, being overtaken by Chinese counterparts with failure to transition. - Global textile export market share : (’85) Korea 7.0%, China 6.0% → (’03) Korea 3.5%, China 18.0%


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4. Challenges of Korean Economy : secure knowledge and technical 4. Challenges of Korean Economy : secure knowledge and technical power for competitiveness power for competitiveness

4. Challenges of Korean Economy : secure knowledge and technical 4. Challenges of Korean Economy : secure knowledge and technical power for competitiveness power for competitiveness

Korea is offsetting deficits in trading with Japan with trade surplus of China.

- It is important to maintain increasingly narrowed technical gap with developing nations like China.

“China will be soon No.1 economic power in Asia. Although China is lagging behind Japan in high-tech, China’s economy will be five times greater than that of Japan by mid-21st century... Korea’s competitive edge over China in high-tech can rapidly disappear. To survive competition with China and India with labor competitiveness it is imperative to develop creativity”(by Lee Kuan Yew, former prime minister of Singapore, lecture delivery to Korea University May 20 ’06)

“China will be soon No.1 economic power in Asia. Although China is lagging behind Japan in high-tech, China’s economy will be five times greater than that of Japan by mid-21st century... Korea’s competitive edge over China in high-tech can rapidly disappear. To survive competition with China and India with labor competitiveness it is imperative to develop creativity”(by Lee Kuan Yew, former prime minister of Singapore, lecture delivery to Korea University May 20 ’06)

Contribution by labor & capital to economic growth has reduced While that by technology & labor policy has increased.

Classification Growth rate (%)Contribution (%p)

Technology, labor policy etc.

Labor Capital

1975∼1986 7.7% 0.3 1.9 5.51987∼1997 7.7% 1.5 1.9 4.32000∼2005 4.5% 2.2 0.1 2.2

Key is to strengthen high-value manufacturing combined with soft competitiveness & secure core original technology

- Strategy to add soft factors such as design, brand, idea to existing manufacturing.


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5. IPR Importance 5. IPR Importance 5. IPR Importance 5. IPR Importance

Create huge asset values

* EPO is 40000 times more worth than gold with same weight (gold: $ 17 per gram)

Patented new products create new market demand & values

Secure huge royalty income by setting application, usage rights

※ In case of CDMA mobile handsets, 5.25%(for domestic)∼5.75%(exports) of sales price is paid to Qualcomm(Over past 11 yrs. (’95∼’05) Korea firms have paid more than 3 trillion won. / ('04) 526.7bn, (‘05) 478.6bn won]`

※ In case of CDMA mobile handsets, 5.25%(for domestic)∼5.75%(exports) of sales price is paid to Qualcomm(Over past 11 yrs. (’95∼’05) Korea firms have paid more than 3 trillion won. / ('04) 526.7bn, (‘05) 478.6bn won]`

enjoy exclusive rights for limited period of time( 20 yrs for patent) You can use, sell or make profits out of it like general property rights.

Secure competitiveness from exclusive rights

First movers can set barriers to prevent late comers from entering the market.

※ It is virtually impossible for late comers to avoid total of 7000 or so patents held by top 5 color inkjet makers (HP, Epson, Canon, Xerox, Lexmark)

Bioengineering products Developer Price per 1g Function

Interferon Genetech (US) 5000 Anti cancer

EPO Amgen(US) 670000 Anti anemia


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6. Global IPR Trends6. Global IPR Trends6. Global IPR Trends6. Global IPR Trends

• All WTO members should protect IPRs as advanced countries do.

• IPR system of each country is becoming standardized.WTO/TRIPs Treaty with international WTO/TRIPs Treaty with international

Enforcement powerEnforcement power

• discuss protection of new technology IPRs such as e-commerce, bio-engineering

• Stronger cooperation bet. three major players (the U.S., Japan, EU) WIPO’s effort to set WIPO’s effort to set

International normsInternational norms

• More lawsuits claiming infringement of patents (success rate of patent-holders has increased) Japan : Fujitsu & Samsung SDI, Matsushita & LG electronics U.S. : patent infringement lawsuits regarding LCD· semiconductors

•To prevent market entry by competition, maximize royalty income, and

secure upper hand in cross-licensing negotiations

More patent disputes More patent disputes


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Big industrial rights-holderBig industrial rights-holderBig industrial rights-holderBig industrial rights-holder

industrial rights filing has increased 1.0% from 2007 (totaling 377000)

’07 filing (1000, growth%) : patent 170(2.0), utility model 21(△36.0), design 54(6.0), trademark 132(8.0)

world’s no.4 industrial-rights filer

total industrial-rights(‘05, 1000) : China(1,140), U.S. (666), Japan (613), Korea (359), Germany (201)

patent application (’05, 1000) : Japan (427), U.S.(382), China(173), Korea [161], Germany (60)

International patent application to WIPO by Korean residents (PCT application) World’s no. 4

No. of international patents(‘07, 1000) : U.S. (52.3), Japan (27.7), Germany (18.1), Korea (7.0), France (6.4)

Patent filing to USPTO by Korean residents World’s no. 3, to JPO world’s no.3 (excluding home country)

No. of patent application to USPTO(‘06, 1000) : Japan (76.9), Germany (22.3), Korea (22.0), Taiwan (21.2)

No. of patent application to JPO (‘06, 1000) : U.S. (25.0), EPO(23.9), Korea (7.2), Netherlands(3.9)

Ⅱ. Overview of Korea’s IP Power

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Dramatically reduced review period of industrial rightsDramatically reduced review period of industrial rightsDramatically reduced review period of industrial rightsDramatically reduced review period of industrial rights

offer world’s speediest patent review service

patent review period : (’04) 21months→ (’05) 17.6months → (’07) 9.8months

* Advanced nations (’06, months) : U.S. 22.6, Japan 26.0, Europe (EPO) 23.8

* Their plan to shorten review period (months) : U.S. 14.7(’08), Japan 11.0(’13)

shorten trademark & design review period to the level of advanced

nations

trademark review period : (’04) 9.6months → (’05) 7.3months → (‘07) 5.7months

* Advanced nations (’06, months) : US 4.8, Japan 6.5

design review period : (’04) 6.8months → (’05) 6.7months → (’07) 5.5months

* Advanced nations (’06, months) : US12.8, Japan 7.1


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World-class IP administration infra World-class IP administration infra World-class IP administration infra World-class IP administration infra designated as ISA for PCT international patent applications for the 9th times in the world, carrying out international exa

mination and review in 8 nations (’99∼) (’02)Philippines, Vietnam, (’03)Indonesia, (’04)Mongolia·singapore, (’05)Newzealand, (’06)U.S. Malaysia* There are only two, EPO & KIPO which are designated as ISA, IPEA for international patent filing in the U.S.* No. of international review by foreign applicants : (‘05) 20 → (’06) 735 → (’07) 2,853

develop & run world’s class patent information system (KIPOnet) (’99∼) World’s highest e-application rate : 93.1% of industrial rights , 97.2% of patents (’07) “KIPOnetⅡ” system open (’05) : non stop 24/7 e-application service, review process is open to the public in real

time. PCT ROAD was co-developed with WIPO, being supplied to 12 nations including Canada, Israel (’06)

For the first time, Korean has become official language of international institutions. (Sep. ’07, 43rd PCT General assembly)

Excluding 6 UN languages Korean has become the 3rd international language of PCT following Japanese and Germany (Sep. ’07)

build database with 150mn cases of patent information & 760 reviewers with master and PH. D


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Rapidly and properly protect IPRapidly and properly protect IPRapidly and properly protect IPRapidly and properly protect IP

Rapidly securing industrial rights for technology and resolving disputes decides success or failure of R&D inv

estment of companies and their commercialization.

While maintaining world’s speediest review process,

there is need to shorten dispute resolution period to 6 months with resolution process innovation.

Accurate review, dispute resolution enhances stability of IPRs and reduces unnecessary disputes.

Need to improve quality of review and dispute resolution to the level of advanced nations.

IPR administration that satisfy customers is based on proper operation of policies and institutions that fit int

o IPR environment

Need to make IPR laws & regulations more customer friendly


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Promote creation & usage of leading IP and strengthen its protection Promote creation & usage of leading IP and strengthen its protection Promote creation & usage of leading IP and strengthen its protection Promote creation & usage of leading IP and strengthen its protection

Securing national competitiveness depends on creating & securing high-quality iP in a knowledge economy.

build nation wide patent information system for enhancement of R&D efficiency.

expand the base to secure original patents, create IP by strengthening capacity of universities, public institutions and S

MEs

build a systematic education infra to grow IP professionals

Commercialization and facilitation of trade of patented technology is the key in creating values by using IPRs.

Strengthen support to facilitate commercialization of patented technology such as patent-backed loans

* commercialization rate of patented technology 37.0%, with only 7.0% of transfer rate (’06 Patent survey)

Establish a reliable base to evaluate patent technology & build a user-driven technology trading system.

지식재산권의 효과적인 보호는 지속적인 기술혁신 유인을 위한 주요 인프라

위조상품 단속 강화 등 강력한 지재권 보호활동을 통해 정당한 권리자를 보호

해외진출 우리기업의 지재권 보호를 위한 실효성있는 종합대응체제 마련


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despite continuous R&D investment & patent application, in terms of quality of patents, they are not competitive.

Secured no. 4 position in terms of U.S. patents (6,882, ’06 4ranking), meaning continuing with quantitative growth.

- companies’ R&D investment ('05, YOY growth) : 18. 5642 trillion won (9.1%)

* Large companies : 14.6472 trillion won (up 8.8%), SME 1.9864 trillion won (up 5.1%), ventures 1.9,07trillion won (up

15.8%)

- application growth : 17%(’05), 1.2%(’06), top 10 companies account for 35.2%(’06) of patent applications by residents.

But, in terms of impact factor, representing qualitative competitiveness, Korea’s key industries such as semiconductor an

d automobiles still lack competitiveness (The Patent Scorecard 2006, ipIQ of U.S.)

- Semiconductor : Micron ( 美 ) 1.96, Intel 1.74, Toshiba 1.32, Samsung 1.01

- Automobile : GM 1.36, Toyota 1.18, Nissan 1.09, Hyundai Motors 0.51

미 · 일 · 유럽특허청 동시등록특허 (3 극 특허패밀리 ) 기준으로는 11 위에 불과 ('06, OECD)

- 3 극 특허수 ( 점유율 ,’03 년 ) : 1 위 미국 19,222 건 (36.4%), 2 위 일본 13,564 건 (25.7%), 한국 747 건 (1.4%)

Private companies Private companies Private companies Private companies


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Pay huge royalty due to lack of key · original patents to foreign companies.

technology balance of payment is gradually improving (0.34(’04) → 0.39(’06)) with still high overseas

dependency for key technology

- Deficit of technology balance of payment: △$2bn (’01) → △$ 2.4bn(’03) → △$2.94bn(’06)

* technology balance of payment of advanced nations : Japan 3.12(1st), UK 2.33(2nd), US 2.20(3rd) / as of ’04

Average royalty payment by domestic firms to foreign ones is three times greater than their royalty income.

(’06, Survey on companies IP activities)

- Average income is 102mn won, payment is 308mn won

* Japan : payment is 1.4 times of income (’05, Survey on Japan’s IP activities)

Fail to effectively respond to patent disputes due to lack of dedicated IP department & resources

only 12% companies have dedicated IP department (’06, KOITA)

- 69%, 40% of U.S. and European companies have IP department respectively (’03, EPO)

Lack of rewarding system like functional invention reward system for research achievements

Only 32.3% Korean companies reward inventions by their employees (’06 년 , KIIP)

- large companies 65.3%, SME 20.3%, venture 27.8% / Japan 62.1%(’02)

Private companies Private companies Private companies Private companies


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Patent achievements fail to reach its potential to create IP

Although it spends 23.1% of total national R&D investment and secures 82.3% of Ph. D, it represents

only 6.1% of all patents filed by residents. (’05, KIPO)

- University : spending 9.9% of national R&D investment and securing 69.4% of Ph. D → patent

application is only 2.4%.

- Public (Research) :spending 13.2% of national R&D and securing 12.9% of Ph. D → patent application

accounts for only 3.7%.

lack of patent information to improve R&D efficiency

Those involved in national R&D projects, have high awareness of the need for patent information

survey, (84.2%),

but only 28.0% carry out patent information survey before their R&D projects (’07, KIIP)

Paper-oriented research achievement scoring system undervalues efforts for patents.

5.3% universities give high scores to international patents than SCI papers.

13.3% universities give high scores to domestic patents than papers cited in domestic journals (Nov.

’05., KAUTM)

Creation of IP

University & Public Research Institutes University & Public Research Institutes University & Public Research Institutes University & Public Research Institutes


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Industrial application such as technology transfer is improving but still has a long way to go.

technology transfer rate including patent ownership (’06) : 21.4%(universities 13.6%, public (research) 26.3%)

- patent transfer rate : 13.4%(universities 12.8%, public research institutes 15.7% / 2006 Patent Utilization Survey)

Royalty income against R&D investment('04) : universities 0.15%, public (research) 1.80%( US university 2.93%, public (research)

8.48%)

- Royalty income of Columbia university of the U.S. is 170. bn won(’04) → 21 times greater than that of 165 Korean universities co

mbined (8bn won, ’0)

Weak internal system to strategically manage and utilize intellectual property

Dedicated resource & expertise of patent & technology transfer function (0.5 person per institute, mainly done by administrative s

taff)

Give up patents without proper validation process due to soaring patent expense and lack of effective patent strategy

- Average patent holding period by universities 4.6 yrs, 37% of universities don’t have policy to maintain & give up patents [ Oct. ’0

5.10 KIPO)

Lack of internal incentive to facilitate technology transfer

- The universities that consider technology transfer including royalty income in evaluation : 13.7% (Nov. ’05, KAUTM))

Management & utilization of IPRs

Universities & Public Research Institutes Universities & Public Research Institutes Universities & Public Research Institutes Universities & Public Research Institutes


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Systematic support from creation ▷ utilization Systematic support from creation ▷ utilization ▷▷ protection protection

Ⅲ. SME Support Policy

1. Analysis of SME 1. Analysis of SME support support

1. Analysis of SME 1. Analysis of SME support support

creation : creation of ideas, creation & registration of IPRs

utilization : set-up business, R&D, commercialization, production, promotion/

exhibit, technology transfer etc.

protection : trade secrets/security. dispute/arbitration

others : consulting support, resource support, etc.

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2. Support in the stage of creating 2. Support in the stage of creating rights rights

2. Support in the stage of creating 2. Support in the stage of creating rights rights

Customized cyber education

Offer online contents free of charge through cyber international patent academy

Aimed at enhancing IPR utilization capability of employees of companies

Reach-out patent search service

Support export of patent search database held by KIPO to homepage of companies free of charge

Patent fee reduction project

Reduce application, registration fees for those with less power including SMEs

Support international application expense

Support expense when applying for patents & utility model oversea (within budget after

studying technology in question)


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3. Support in the stage of utilizing rights 3. Support in the stage of utilizing rights 3. Support in the stage of utilizing rights 3. Support in the stage of utilizing rights

Support through patent technology commercialization committee collective management through the committee for commercialization of patented technology for

government agencies, relevant agencies 33 support projects by 16 agencies including MOCIE, SMBA, KIPA

Support sales of leading patented products (e-commerce support, recommendation system for leading inventions) Marketing support for leading patented products by using the Internet (www.buyinvention.com)

Recommend government agencies buy leading SME inventions

Support pricing of patented technology

Support expense to evaluate marketability and technological values of patented technology

Support trading of patented technology online (www.ipmart.or.kr) & offline marketplace for patented technology

Support commercialization, technology transfer, identification of sales opportunities through search and agent services of technology users want


http://www.buyinvention.com/

http://www.ipmart.or.kr/

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4. Support in the stage of projection of rights 4. Support in the stage of projection of rights 4. Support in the stage of projection of rights 4. Support in the stage of projection of rights

Patent law support project

Support IPR disputes & offer free consulting service for the economically weak including individual inventors, SMEs.

Support patent information in preparation of international patent disputes

Offer overseas patent dispute guidance to help better deal with international patent disputes


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5. Others (consultation, consulting project) 5. Others (consultation, consulting project) 5. Others (consultation, consulting project) 5. Others (consultation, consulting project)

SME IP management consulting project

Customized consulting support for SMEs from creation, utilization to projection of rights

KIPO reviewers visit and present solutions

Comprehensive patent information project

Comprehensive consulting project through IP infra within community In conjunction with municipal projects.

Support patent information search, analysis of patents, application expense, royalty, etc.

Patent consultation center composed of public patent lawyers

Free consultation and dispute support for individuals & SMEs

Direct support for writing application details, opinion letter, revision


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Women’s participation rate in economic activies(’06) :Women’s participation rate in economic activies(’06) :

lower than OECD averagelower than OECD average

- OECD average (56.8%) vs Korea(53.1%)

With world’s lowest birth rate, the population is rapidly agingWith world’s lowest birth rate, the population is rapidly aging

Alternative: utilize women & the elderly, accept immigrants

Korean women is qualitatively superior.Korean women is qualitatively superior.

- High education attainment: more women aged 20 to 29 are educated

than men (2000)

- More opportunities for women to create equal values

like men in knowledge economy

Ⅳ. Women Invention Promotion Policy

1. Need to promote women inventions1. Need to promote women inventions1. Need to promote women inventions1. Need to promote women inventions

1-1. Need to actively utilize economically active women

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1-2. Patent application by female inventors

Remarkable growth in patent application by women inventorsRemarkable growth in patent application by women inventors

ㆍ in 2006 2,932 → 2007, 3,519 up 20%


1. Need to promotion women inventions1. Need to promotion women inventions1. Need to promotion women inventions1. Need to promotion women inventions

Classification

‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07

Patent 1,280 1,356 1,581 1,884 2,235 2,932 3,519

Utility model

2,084 2,147 2,443 2,275 2,386 2,429 1,527

design 2,160 2,153 2,228 2,342 3,167 5,911 4,561

trademark 5,939 6,845 7,596 7,782 8,303 8,982 9,272

total(growth)

11,463

12,501(9.1)

13,848(10.8)

14,283(3.1)

16,091(18.3)

20,254(25.8)

18,879(△7)

Application by residents

(%)

235,585(4.9)

240,645(5.2)

257,849(5.4)

272,393(5.2)

300,075(5.4)

311,231(6.5)

306,319(6.2)

But they represent only 6.2 % out of total applications But they represent only 6.2 % out of total applications

by residents as of by residents as of 0707

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2-1. Nurture creative female inventors & create female inventor friendly environment

Identify leading women inventors by facilitating invention activities - Women Invention Contest

Find out new & creative female inventors through invention contest

From 5th contest (Oct. 12 ’07) the first prize has been elevated to presidential award

promote interest & understanding by the public about female invention National tour presentation for female IPRs – raise awareness of female IPRs

spread inventions in our daily lives Run creative schools for women inventions – raise awareness of invention by women

& develop creativeness etc. Run a course to train female invention teachers- professionals who help children develop creativity and inventive ability


2. KIPO’s policy to promote women inventions 2. KIPO’s policy to promote women inventions 2. KIPO’s policy to promote women inventions 2. KIPO’s policy to promote women inventions

strengthen international status of women inventors– Korea World’s Women Invention Contest

world’s first ever international invention contest – 30 nations

Women invention newsletter “Those who invent” (monthly 6,500 copies)

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spread know how of successful invention – presentation of leading women inventions

Encourage more women to invent by promoting success cases

find sales channels for female inventions – Women Inventions Fair

Support Women Invention Fair since 2001 to identify sales channels &and promote brand awareness to help women inventors with commercialization

2-2. Support commercialization of women inventions


2. 2. KIPO’s policy to promote women inventionsKIPO’s policy to promote women inventions 2. 2. KIPO’s policy to promote women inventionsKIPO’s policy to promote women inventions

Promotion of commercialization – support prototype development Support commercialization & promote technology development by helping to turn

ideas into prototype products

Give preference to women inventors for invention promotion projectsincluding support for production of prototype products

Give 3-5 extra scores to women inventors when selecting winners for support of prototype production, overseas patent application, purchase recommendation, pricing expense

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Expand women

inventors’ pool

Expand women

inventors’ pool

Growth of economically active womenGrowth of economically active women

Interest & passion for women invention Interest & passion for women invention Interest & passion for women invention Interest & passion for women invention

Nurture creative

women inventors

Nurture creative

women inventors

Contribution to

economy with

commercialization

of ideas

Contribution to

economy with

commercialization

of ideas

The arrival of knowledge · technology revolution presents us both a challenge and opportunity for further growth !

The arrival of knowledge · technology revolution presents us both a challenge and opportunity for further growth !

Full support by KIPOFull support by KIPOFull support by KIPOFull support by KIPO

Strengthen national competitivenessStrengthen national competitiveness

Ⅴ. Conclusion

2 source of competitiveness: creative knowledge & information “the most important survival...

Documents

knowledge economy success

knowledge lester

creative knowledge information

secure distinctive knowledge

global economy

japan products

german products

korea economy status