2 semester, academic year 2017/18 structure of the body ... · istituto di anatomia umana, via...
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Harvey Medicine, University of Pavia 2nd Semester, Academic Year 2017/18
Structure of the Body (SOB) Gross and Systems Anatomy
Cytology, Histology, and Embryology
Course Description: Structure of the Body is a first-year course designed to provide students with a fundamental working
knowledge of normal human gross, with histology and embryology, as a basis for the practice of medicine.
20 CFU. Lecture, 80 hours (anatomy) + 40 hours (histology/ embryology); laboratory, 45 hours.
Structural survey of human body, including skeletomuscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive,
and genitourinary systems. Laboratory includes examination of human bones, models, medical imagining
and microscopic structures.
Instructors:
Diana X Tran Email: [email protected] Address: Human anatomy building Office hours: after lecture or by appointment
Andrea Frontini Email: [email protected] Address: Human anatomy building Office hours: by appointment Phone: 0382/987645
Andrea Casasco Email: [email protected] Office hours: after lecture or by appointment Address: Histology Institute
Meetings: All lectures are in Harvey Hall Istituto Golgi Spallanzani (Botta 2) on Via Ferrata 9, IV° floor.
Students are assigned to one 3-hr lab per week MWRF 8-11 located in the Sala Anatomia in the
Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Via Forlanini 8. See the timetable for the weekly schedule.
Websites: Lecture and lab notes will be posted on the Kiro interface. http://elearning3.unipv.it/medicina/
For weekly calendar: http://nfs.unipv.it/medeng/orario/Orario_1list.asp
Tutors:
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Alice [email protected]
Erin [email protected]
Madalena [email protected]
Susan [email protected]
Textbooks:1 (See Appendix for full list of readings) Histology and Embryology
a. Ross MH & Pawlina W, Histology: a Text and Atlas, Lippincott W & W, 2015
b. Sadler TW Langman’s Medical Embryology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014
Anatomy2
a. Moore KL and Dalley AF, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th edition, 2009
b. Netter F, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th Edition, Saunders, 2010
Laboratory: ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. Please prepare by printing lab notes. All quizzes
must be taken during your assigned lab. Note: NO FOOD, OR BEVERAGES, OR CELL PHONES
ALLOWED IN LAB AT ANY TIME.
Grading:
Two courses make up the Structure of the Body module: anatomy (15 CFU) and cytology,
histology and embryology (5 CFU). One grade will be given for the lecture & lab components
combined of each course.
I. Anatomy Grades will be assigned according to percentage of total points earned as follows:
Lecture:
Exam 1 (Covering material for weeks 1-6) 180 pts
Exam 2 (Covering material for weeks 7-12) 200 pts
Oral Exam (Covering all material in lectures and labs) 160 pts
Lab:
Lab quizzes for weeks: 1-4, 7-10 (@ 20 pts each, drop lowest score) 140 pts
Practical Exams:
Skeletal, Articular, and Muscular Systems 160 pts
Nervous, Cardiovascular, Digestive & Respiratory Systems 160 pts
Total: 1000 pts
Grading Scale: The following scale will be used as a guideline to determine the anatomy course grade
that is based on points earned throughout the semester. 27 – 30 = 900 – 1000 24 – 26 = 800 – 899 21 – 23 = 700 – 799 18 – 22 = 600 – 699 Retake = 599 and below
1 Updated versions of the books below are also recommended for this class. 2 Anatomy lecture and test material will use the Moore’s and Drake’s books. The atlas will be useful in the laboratory.
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Minimal requirements: Students must have earned at least 400 points to gain admission to the oral exam. Most students qualify after the second practical exam in June. If not, it will be necessary to wait for all exams scores and the oral will be performed during a retake session in August or September.
II. Cytology, Histology, & Embryology
The course grade will be determined in the following matter: Written exam 1 40% Written exam 2 (includes Embryology) 40% Practical exam 20%
III. Final Grading
The final grade will be a weighted average between the two subjects: Anatomy 75% Cytology, Histology and Embryology 25% For example, if a student scores 25 and 18 respectively on the two subjects, the final grade will be 23. NOTE: In borderline cases, the final grade account for unmeasured characteristic traits such as professionalism, attitude, maturity, effort, etc.
No Make-Up Exams (not lecture nor lab) will be given, other than exceptional
circumstances. Written documentation from a physician verifying the severity of the illness
requiring loss of class time will be required to excuse an absence. The exam schedule is set;
plan your life accordingly.
Re-sit Exams will be given in August and September. In anatomy, only the written exams
and/or the oral exam can be taken. The final grade will include the points accumulated
throughout the semester with the score of the re-sit exams. In histology, there will only be one
exam for the whole grade. The re-sit exam score CANNOT be voided once it has been graded.
Regulations Misconduct and disrespectful behavior may lead to a decrease by a maximum of 3 points on the
FINAL GRADE. Unannounced, unexcused absences from the oral exam shall automatically
result in a detraction of ONE point for each instance. We have a zero-tolerance policy regarding
the destruction or theft of common lab materials, including anatomical models or histological
preparations. They will be submitted for disciplinary proceedings with the Dean and President of
Medicine.
Course Organization Anatomy is divided into two blocks. The first six weeks focus on the skeletal muscular structures
of the different regions of the body: week 1) Introduction; 2) Back and Thorax; 3) Abdomen and
Upper Limb; 4) Pelvis and Lower Limb; 5) Head and Neck & Review Block 1. The last six
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weeks focus on organ systems: weeks 6-8) Neuroanatomy; 9-10) Cardiovascular and
Respiratory; 11) Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive Systems; and 12) Review Block 2.
Cytology histology and embryology course is organized in the following way: weeks 1-2) essential cytology; 3-4) histology of the main tissues (epithelial; connective; muscle and nervous tissues); 5-7) Microscopic anatomy of systems with particular attention to GI tract and 8-10) introduction to embryology and 11-12) practical and exam.
Laboratory Schedule I. Anatomy Lab Week Dates Lab Topic 2 18 Apr - 20 Apr (1) Bones: Upper Limb, Vertebral Column Quiz 1 = 20 pts (based on Lec 1-5) 3 23 Apr – 26 Apr (2) Muscles: Back and Upper Extremity
Quiz 2 = 20 pts (based on Lec 6-9, Lab 1) 4 2 May – 4 May (3) Bones: Skull and Lower Extremity Quiz 3 = 20 pts (based on Lec 10-11, Lab 2) 5 9 May – 11 May (4) Muscles: Skull and Lower Extremity Quiz 4 = 20 pts (based on Lec 12-13, Lab 3) 6 16 May – 18 May (5) *Lab Practical 1 = 160 pts (based on Labs 1-4) 7 23 May – 25 May (6) Intro to CNS, Cerebrum, Ventricles, and Cerebellum 8 30 May – 1 Jun (7) Brain Stem, Spinal Cord Quiz 5 = 20 pts (based on Lec 20-22, Lab 6) 9 6 Jun – 8 Jun (8) Ear, Eyes, Jaw, and Cranial Nerves Quiz 6 = 20 pts (based on Lec 23-26, Lab 7) 10 13 Jun – 15 Jun (9) Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems Quiz 7 = 20 pts (based on Lec 27-31, Lab 8) 11 20 Jun – 22 Jun (10) Gastrointestine, Urinary, & Reproductive Systems Quiz 8 = 20 pts (based on Lec 32-35, Lab 9) 12 26 Jun – 28 Jun (11) *Lab Practical 2 = 160 pts (based on Labs 6-10) * Lab practical exams will be on Weds, Thurs, and Friday on 3-5 May and 14-16 Jun. Be certain that you attend the correct day for your exam.
II. Histology Lab Week Dates Lab Topic 2 16 Apr – 19 Apr (1) Introduction to Cytology & Histology 9 4 Jun – 7 Jun (2) Histological investigation of the Gastrointestinal tract
Lecture Schedule and Reading Assignments G: Grey, M: Moore, P: Patestas Date Lecture Prof Anatomy Topics Reading Week 1: 1 DXT a) Introduction to anatomy G: 1-26
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Mon, 9 Apr b) Medical imagining M: 1-37, 66-70
Week 1: Weds, 11 Apr
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DXT a) Medical imagining (con’t)
b) Intro to Skin, Skeletal, Muscular systems
G: 26-50 M: 37-65
Week 1: Thurs, 12 Apr
3 DXT a) Intro to Circulatory and Nervous systems
b) Intro to Back, vertebral bones
G: 53-117 M: 439-505
Week 1: Fri, 13 Apr
3 DXT a) Back: curvature, muscles, movements, and
contents (spinal cord)
G: 53-117 M: 439-505
Week 2: Mon, 16 Apr
4 DXT a) Thoracic wall b) Diaphragm and muscles of breathing
G: 123-62, 231-42 M: 71-104, 306-9
Week 2: Weds 18 Apr
5 DXT a) Introduction to abdomen b) Abdomen quadrants and 9 pattern regions
G: 255-302, 366-72, 398-409 M: 181-206, 309-16
Week 2: Thurs 19 Apr
6 DXT a) Abdomen layers of muscles and fascia b) Inguinal canal and hernias c) Intro to Upper Limb
G: 685-719, 819-27 M: 670-13, 793-96
Week 2: Fri 20 Apr
7 DXT a) Pectoral and scapular regions b) Sternoclavicular & acromioclavicular joint c) Arm and Axilla
G: 721-66 M: 713-39, 796-800
Week 3: Mon 23 Apr
8 DXT a) Introduction to Brachial Plexus b) Forearm muscles c) Upper Limb: application and surface anatomy
G: 768-92 M: 744-66, 800-8
Week 3: Weds 26 Apr
9 DXT a) Revisit brachial plexus b) Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, knuckles, and finger joints c) Clinical Applications of upper limbs
G: 792-814 M: 771-93, 806-13
Week 3: Weds 26 Apr
10 DXT a) Intro to Lower Limbs, Posture and Gait b) Gluteal region c) Posterior thigh
G: 535-72, 663-71 M: 510-44, 626-34
Week 4: Weds 2 May
11 DXT a) Anterior/medial thigh b) Knee joint c) Leg
G: 574-616 M: 545-583, 634-47
Week 4: Thurs 3 May
12 DXT a) Foot and clinical applications of lower limbs b) Ankle and foot joints
G: 618-59 M: 584-626, 647-59
Week 4: Fri 4 May
13 DXT Scalp, skull, and cranium bones G: 837-73, 904-27 M: 822-64
Week 5: Tues 8 May
14 DXT Face bones and muscles
G: 837-73, 904-27 M: 822-64
Week 5: Thurs 10 May
15 DXT Neck G: 837-73, 904-27 M: 822-64
Week 5: Fri 11 May
16 DXT Review: Mock Practical
Week 6: Weds 16 May
17 DXT Review: Lectures 1-6
Week 6: Thurs 17 May
18 DXT Review: Lectures 7-13
Week 6: Fri 18 May
19 DXT Review: Answers to Mock Exam 1
Week 7: Mon 21 May
20 DXT Nervous System Development G: 879-93 M: 878-88 P: 10-27
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Week 7: Weds 23 May
21 DXT Fundamentals of Nervous tissue and Brain G: 31-37 M: 46-57 P: 1-9, 28-53
Fri 25 May 14:00-17:00
EXAM 1
EXAM 1: Covering materials in Lectures 1-19
Week 8: Mon 28 May
22 DXT Meninges, Cerebral Spinal Fluid, Cerebral Cortex P: 84-98, 171-173, 398-42
Week 8: Weds 30 May
23 DXT Blood Supply to CNS and telencephalon P: 99-117, 190-218
Week 8: Thurs 31 May
24 DXT Diencephalon and Brainstem P: 219-252, 361-397
Week 8: Fri 1 June
25 DXT Spinal Cord: ascending and descending tracts P: 54-67, 171-189
Week 9: Mon 4 June
26 DXT Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic
P: 118-133 G: 32-38 M: 46-65
Week 9: Tues 5 June
27 DXT Introduction to Cranial Nerves P: 253-281 G: 894-900
M: 1073, 1076
Week 9: Tues 5 June
29 DXT Cranial Nerves of the Special Senses P: 253-281 G: 894-900 M: 1054-1079
Week 9: Weds 6 June
30 DXT Path of cranial nerves
Week 9: Fri 8 June
31 AF a) Development of Systems b) Peritoneum and Peritoneal cavity
G: 303-309 M: 217-28
Week 10: Mon 11 Jun
32 DXT Digestive tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
G: 310-327 M: 226-62
Week 10: Weds 13 Jun
33 TBA Accessory organs: liver, gall bladder, and pancreas, spleen
G: 328-365 M: 263-89
Week 10: Thurs 14 Jun
34 TBA Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary system, and Suprarenal glands
G: 373-394 M: 290-305
Week 10: Thurs 14 Jun
35 DXT Perineum: Pelvic viscera and internal genital external sex organs, bladder, GI
G: 139-141, 292-302, 502-527 M: 98, 202-10, 362-424
Week 11: Tues 19 Jun
36 DXT Reproduction Systems G: 139-141, 292-302, 502-527 M: 98, 202-10, 362-424
Week 11: Weds 20 Jun
37 DXT Heart in Mediastinum
Week 11: Thurs 21 June
38 DXT a) Coronary Circulation b) Conduction System
G: 180-230 M: 160-74
Week 11: Thurs 21 June
39 DXT Pathological Conditions of the Heart
Week 11: Fri 22 June
40 DXT a) Thoracic Cavity: viscera and pleura b) Lungs and Respiration
G: 162-179 M: 106-34
Week 11: Fri 22 June
41 DXT Review Cranial Nerve test questions
Week 12: Tues 26 Jun
42 DXT Review medical imaging
Week 12: Thurs 28 Jun
43 DXT Practice test questions for exam 2
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Week 12: Fri 29 Jun
44 DXT Practice test questions for exam 2
Mon 2 Jul 14:00-17:00
EXAM 2 EXAM 2: Covering materials in Lectures 20-44
Prof Cytology, Histology and Embryology Topics
AF The morphological method. Cell proliferation and differentiation. Histogenesis. The cell. Cytoplasmic organelles. Cell membrane. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Smooth E. R.
AF Rough E. R. Ribosomes and protein synthesis. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes.
AF Mitochondria. Centrioles. Cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic inclusions.
AF Nucleus. Nuclear envelope. Chromatin. Nucleolus. Cell Cycle. Cell activities. Mitosis, meiosis.
AF Tissues. Epithelial tissue. Lining epithelia. Cell surface specializations.
AF Glands and secretion. Exocrine glands. Endocrine glands. Sensory epithelia.
AF Connective tissue: general aspects. Connective tissue proper: Loose and dense c. tissue. Extracellular matrix.
AF Connective tissue: general aspects. Connective tissue proper: Loose and dense c. tissue. Extracellular matrix. (continued)
AF Adipose Tissue.
AF Cartilage. Bone. Histogenesis of Bone
AF Cartilage. Bone. Histogenesis of Bone (continued)
AF Blood. Erytrocytes. Leucocytes. Platelets.
AF Blood cell formation (Hemopoiesis).
AF Muscular tissue. Smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle. Cardiac Muscle.
AF Nervous tissue: general organization of the nervous system. The neuron.
AF Nerve fibers. Synapsis. Peripheral nerve endings. Neuroglia.
Embryology topics
AC Female and male gametogenesis. Fertilization. Early stages of embryo development. Blastocyst and implantation. Placenta.
AC The embryo disk. Primitive embryo layers. Formation of the embryo body. Endoderm derivatives. Ectoderm and Mesoderm derivatives.
AC The embryo disk. Primitive embryo layers. Molecular basis of regulatory mechanisms of embryo development. Time evolution and 3D organization of entoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. Embryo annexes.
AC Intraembryonic mesoderm organization. The notochord and its role in the embryonic development. Somites. Lateral and intermediate mesoderm. Ectoderm development and derivatives.
Embryo delimitation (body formation). Morphogenetic mechanisms. Endoderm development and derivatives.
Mesoderm development. Ecto-endo-mesoderm interactions and morphogenesis. From histo- and embryogenesis towards organogenesis.
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APPENDIX RECOMMENDED READINGS (OPTIONAL) Histology and Embryology
Alberts and al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science, 2014 Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 6e Moore KL, The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, Saunders
Elsevier 2012/15 Anatomy
Drake R, Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2nd edition, Livingstone, 2009 Gilroy M, Anatomy - An Essential Textbook, Thieme, 1st Edition3 Acland’s Video Atlas of Human Anatomy, http://www.aclandanatomy.com/
Neuroanatomy
Patestas M & Gartner LP, A Textbook of Neuroanatomy, Blackwell Publishing, 2006
Stephan Waxman, Clinical Neuroanatomy, 26th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2009 Crossman and Neary, Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text, Churchill
Livingstone, 2010
3 The ‘Essential Text’ is an atlas and textbook combined. It is for students who want minimal text supplements.