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2. Publications and Presentations

Published Books and Papers (January 2004 － March 2006) Books Kajita, T., Y. Asaoka, A. Kawachi, Y. Matsubara, and M. Sasaki, Editors, Frontiers of Cosmic Ray

Physics, Frontier Science Series, 43, 421pp., Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 2004.

Kallio, E., and H. Shinagawa, Editors, Planetary Atmospheres, Ionospheres, and Plasma Interactions, Adv. Space Res., 33, 2, 121pp., Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, U.K., 2004.

Kamide, Y., and A. C.-L. Chian, Editors, Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Springer Pub., Heidelberg, Germany, in press, 2006.

Muraki, Y., Editor, Cosmic Rays and Dark Matter, Frontier Science Series, 42, 244pp., Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 2004.

Papers (in refereed journals) Abe, F., I. A. Bond, Y. Furuta, J. B. Hearnshaw, P. M. Kilmartin, Y. Kurata, K. Masuda, Y.

Matsubara, Y. Muraki, S. Noda, K. Okajima, N. J. Rattenbury, T. Sako, D. J. Sullivan, T, Sumi, P. Tristram, J. N. Wood, T. Yanagisawa, and P. C. M. Yock, Candidate extrasolar planet transits discovered in the microlensing observations in Astrophysics-I Galactic bulge data, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 364, 325-334, 2005.

Abe, F., D. P. Bennett, I. A. Bond, S. Eguchi, Y. Furuta, J. B. Hearnshaw, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, Y. Kurata, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, S. Noda, K. Okajima, A. Rakich, N. J. Rattenbury, T. Sako, T. Sekiguchi, D. J. Sullivan, T. Sumi, P. J. Tristram, T. Yanagisawa, P. C. M. Yock, A. Gal-Yam, Y. Lipkin, D. Maoz, E. O. Ofek, A. Udalski, O. Szewczyk, K. Zebrun, I. Soszynski, M. K. Szymanski, M. Kubiak, G. Pietrzynski, and L. Wyrzykowski, Search for low-mass exoplanets by gravitational microlensing at high magnification, Science, 305, 1264-1266, 2004.

Ahluwalia, H. S., and Y. Kamide, Gnevyshev gap, Forbush decreases, ICME and solar wind electric field: Relationships, Adv. Space Res., 35, 2119-2123, 2005.

Ahn, B.-H., G. X. Chen, W. Sun, J. W. Gjerloev, Y. Kamide, J. B. Sigwarth, and L. A. Franl, The lowest possible latitude of the westward electrojet during severely disturbed periods, in Multiscale Coupling of Sun-Earth Processes, edited by A. T. Y. Lui, Y. Kamide, and G. Consolini, 145-156, Elsevier Pub., Amsterdam, 2004.

Ahn, B.-H., G. X. Chen, W. Sun, J. W. Gjerloev, Y. Kamide, J. B. Sigwarth, and L. A. Frank, Equatorward expansion of the westward electrojet during magnetically disturbed periods, J.

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Geophys. Res., 110, A01305, 2005 (10.1029/2004JA010553). Akasofu, S.-I., and Y. Kamide, Comments on “The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September

1859” by B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 2005 (10.1029/2005JA011005).

Asai, K. T., T. Nagatsuma, T. Hori, and Y. Miyoshi, Development of storm-time proton total energy based on multi-observation of NOAA satellites, Adv. Geosciences, in press, 2006.

Asai, A., T. Yokoyama, M. Shimojo, S. Masuda, H. Kurokawa, and K. Shibata, Flare ribbon expansion and energy release rate, Astrophys. J., 611, 557-567, 2004.

Asayama, S., H. Ogawa, T. Noguchi, K. Suzuki, H. Andoh, and A. Mizuno, An integrated sideband-separating SIS mixer based on waveguide split block for 100 GHz band with 4.0‐8.0 GHz IF, Int. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 25, 107-117, 2004.

Balan, N., S. Kawamura, T. Nakamura, M. Yamamoto, S. Fukao, K. Igarashi, T. Maruyama, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, H. Alleyne, S. Watanabe, and Y. Murayama, Simultaneous MLT and thermospheric F region observations during geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A04308, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA009982).

Beaulieu, J.-P., D. P. Bennett, P. Fouque, A. Williams, M. Dominik, U. G. Jorgensen, D. Kubas, A. Cassan, C. Coutures, J. Greenhill, K. Hill, J. Menzies, P. D. Sackett, M. Albrow, S. Brillant, J. A. R. Caldwell, J. J. Calitz, K. H. Cook, E. Corrales, M. Desort, S. Dieters, D. Dominis, J. Donatowicz, M. Hoffman, S. Kane, J.-B. Marquette, R. Martin, P. Meintjes, K. Pollard, K. Sahu, C. Vinter, J. Wambsganss, K. Woller, K. Horne, I. Steele, D. M. Bramich, M. Burgdorf, C. Snodgrass, M. Bode, A. Udalski, M. K. Szymanski, M. Kubiak, T. Wieckowski, G. Pietrzynski, I. Soszynski, O. Szewczyk, L. Wyrzykowski, B. Paczynski, F. Abe, I. A. Bond, T. R. Britton, A. C. Gilmore, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. Itow, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, A. V. Korpela, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, M. Motomura, Y. Muraki, S. Nakamura, C. Okada, K. Ohnishi, N. J. Rattenbury, T. Sako, S. Sato, M. Sasaki, T. Sekiguchi, D. J. Sullivan, P. J. Tristram, P. C. M. Yock, and T. Yoshioka, Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 earth masses through gravitational microlensing, Nature, 439, 437-440, 2006.

Bond, I. A., A. Udalski, M. Jaroszynski, N. J. Rattenbury, B. Paczynski, I. Soszynski, L. Wyrzykowski, M. K. Szymanski, M. Kubiak, O. Szewczyk, K. Zebrun, G. Pietrzynski, F. Abe, D. P. Bennett, S. Eguchi, Y. Furuta, J. B. Hearnshaw, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, Y. Kurata, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, S. Noda, K. Okajima, T. Sako, T. Sekiguchi, D. J. Sullivan, T. Sumi, P. J. Tristram, T. Yanagisawa, and P. C. M. Yock, OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: A planetary microlensing event, Astrophys. J., 606, L155-L158, 2004.

Bond, I. A., F. Abe, S. Eguchi, Y. Furuta, J. B. Hearnshaw, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, Y. Kurata, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, S. Noda, K. Okajima, N. J. Rattenbury, T. Sako, T. Sekiguchi, D. J. Sullivan, T. Sumi, P. J. Tristram, T. Yanagisawa, and P. C. M. Yock, Multiple outbursts of a cataclysmic variable in the globular cluster M22, Astrophys. J., 620, L103-L106, 2005.

Buchert, S. C., Y. Ogawa, R. Fujii, and A. P. van Eyken, Observations of diverging field-aligned

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ion flow with the ESR, Ann. Geophysicae, 22, 889-899, 2004. Chian, A. C.-L., and Y. Kamide, Solar-Terrestrial Environment, in Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial

Environment, edited by Y. Kamide and A. C.-L. Chian, Springer Pub., Heidelberg, in press, 2006.

Chian, A. C.-L., Y. Kamide, E. L. Rempel, and W. M. Santana, On the chaotic nature of solar-terrestrial environment: Interplanetary Alfven intermittency, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2006.

Daglis, I. A., D. Delcourt, F.-A. Metallinou, and Y. Kamide, Particle acceleration in the frame of the storm-substorm relation, IEEE for Plasma Science, 32, 1449-1454, 2004.

Delcourt, D. C., and K. Seki, On the dynamics of charged particles in the magnetosphere of Mercury, Adv. Geosciences 2005 PS volume, in press, 2006.

Delcourt, D. C., K. Seki, N. Terada, and Y. Miyoshi, Electron dynamics during substorm dipolarization in Mercury’s magnetosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 23, 3389-3398, 2005.

Enomoto, R., K. Tsuchiya, Y. Adachi, S. Kabuki, P. G. Edwards, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, Y. Koi, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei. Hayashi, R. Inoue, C. Itoh, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, S. Kawasaki, T. Kifune, R. Kiuchi, K. Konno, L. T. Ksenofontov, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Mizumoto, M. Mori, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Naito, Y. Sakamoto, M. Sato, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, H. Tanimura, G. J. Thornton, S. Watanabe, T. Yamaoka, M. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, M. Yuasa, and Y. Yukawa, A search for sub-TeV gamma-rays from the Vela Pulsar region with CANGAROO-III, Astrophys. J., 638, 397-408, 2006.

Flowersy, B. A., M. E. Angerhofer, W. R. Simpson, T. Nakayama, and Y. Matsumi, Nitrate radical quantum yield from peroxyacetyl nitrate photolysis, J. Phys. Chem., A109, 2552-2558, 2005.

Flückiger, E. O., R. Bütikofer, L. Desorgher, M. R. Moser, Y. Muraki, Y. Matsubara, T. Sako, H. Tsuchiya, and T. Sakai, The giant Forbush decrease in October/November 2003: Data analysis for the solar neutron detector at Gornergrat, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 20, 6684-6686, 2005.

Flückiger, E. O., R. Bütikofer, A. Chilingarian, G. Hovsepyan, Y. H. Tan, T. Yuda, H. Tsuchiya, M. Ohnishi, Y. Katayose, Y. Muraki, Y. Matsubara, T. Sako, K. Watanabe, S. Masuda, T. Sakai, S. Shibata, R. Ogasawara, Y. Mizumoto, M. Nakagiri, A. Miyashita, P. H. Stoker, C. Lopate, K. Kudela, and M. Gros, Solar neutron events that have been found in solar cycle 23, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 20, 6646-6649, 2005.

Fujii, J., T. Nakamura, T. Tsuda, and K. Shiokawa, Comparison of winds measured by MU radar and Fabry-Perot interferometer and effect of OI5577 airglow height variations, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 66, 573-583, 2004.

Fujii, Z., and F. B. McDonald, The spatial distribution of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the heliosphere at solar minimum, Adv. Space Res., 35, 611-616, 2005.

Fujiki, K., M. Hirano, M. Kojima, M. Tokumaru, D. Baba, M. Yamashita, and K. Hakamada, Relation between solar wind velocity and properties of its source region, Adv. Space Res., 35, 2185-2188, 2005.

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Fujiwara, H., S. Maeda, M. Suzuki, S. Nozawa, and H. Fukunishi, Estimates of electromagnetic and turbulent energy dissipation rates under the existence of strong wind shears in the polar lower thermosphere from the EISCAT Svalbard radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A07306, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA010046).

Fukazawa, K., T. Ogino, and R. J. Walker, Dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere for northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03202, 2005 (10.1029/2004 GL021392).

Ghosh, H., D. L. DePoy, A. Gal-Yam, B. S. Gaudi, A. Gould, C. Han, Y. Lipkin, D. Maoz, E. O. Ofek, B.-G. Park, R. W. Pogge, S. Salim, F. Abe, D. P. Bennett, I. A. Bond, S. Eguchi, Y. Furuta, J. B. Hearnshaw, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, Y. Kurata, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, S. Noda, T. Sumi, P. J. Tristram, T. Yanagisawa, P. C. M. Yock, A. Udalski, I. Soszynski, L. Wyrzykowski, K. Kubiak, M. K. Szymanski, G. Pietrzynski, O. Szewczyk, K. Zebrun, M. D. Albrow, J.-P. Beaulieu, J. A. R. Caldwell, A. Cassan, C. Coutures, M. Dominik, J. Donatowicz, P. Fouque, J. Greenhill, K. Hill, K. Horne, U. G. Joegensen, J. Wambsganss, R. Watson, and A. Williams, Potential direct single-star mass measurement, Astrophys. J., 615, 450-459, 2004.

Hakamada, K., M. Kojima, T. Ohmi, M. Tokumaru, K. Fujiki, Correlation between expansion rate of the coronal magnetic field and solar wind speed in a solar activity cycle, Solar Phys., 227, 387-399, 2005.

Haldoupis, C., T. Ogawa, K. Schlegel, J. A. Koehler, and T. Ono, Is there a plasma density gradient role on the generation of short-scale Farley-Buneman waves?, Ann. Geophysicae, 23, 3323-3337, 2005.

Hall, C. M., S. Nozawa, A. H. Manson, and C. E. Meek, Tidal signatures in mesospheric turbulence, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 453-465, 2006.

Hall, C. M., T. Aso, M. Tsutsumi, S. Nozawa, A. H. Manson, and C. E. Meek, Testing the hypothesis of neutral turbulence on the deduction of ambipolar diffusivities from meteor trail expansion, Ann. Geophysicae, 23, 1071-1073, 2005.

Hall, C. M., T. Aso, M. Tsutsumi, S. Nozawa, A. H. Manson and C. E. Meek, A comparison of MLT neutral winds as determined by meteor and medium-frequency radar at 70°N, Radio Sci., 40, RS4001, 2005 (10.1029/2004RS003102).

Hall, C. M., T. Aso, M. Tsutsumi, S. Nozawa, C. E. Meek and A. H. Manson, Comparison of meteor and medium frequency radar kilometer scale MLT dynamics at 70°N, J. Atoms. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 309-316, 2006.

Hirahara, M., K. Seki, T. Mukai, and Y. Saito, Periodic emergence of multi-composition cold ions modulated by geomagnetic field line oscillations in the near-earth magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A03211, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA010141).

Hosokawa, K., T. Ogawa, A. S. Yukimatu, N. Sato, and T. Iyemori, Statistics of Antarctic mesospheric echoes observed with the SuperDARN Syowa radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02106, 2004 (10.1029/2003GL018776).

Hosokawa, K., T. Ogawa, N. F. Arnold, M. Lester, N. Sato, and A. S. Yukimatu, Extraction of polar

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mesosphere summer echoes from SuperDARN data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12801, 2005 (1029/2005GL022788).

Imamura, T., K. Noguchi, A. Nabatov, K.-I. Oyama, Z. Yamamoto, and M. Tokumaru, Phase scintillation observation during coronal sounding experiments with NOZOMI spacecraft, Astron. Astrophys., 439, 1165-1169, 2005.

Iwagami, N., S. Ohtsuki, M. Akojima, M. Kubota, Y. Murayama, S. Kawamura, R. Yoshimura, T. Nakamura, H. Yamamoto, H. Sekiguchi, N. Kimura, K. Shiokawa, T. Okada, K. Ishisaka, Y. Ashihara, Y. Kaiho, M. Abo, T. Abe, Y. Koizumi, and K.-I. Oyama, Waves in airglow structures experiment 2005: Overview and preliminary results, Adv. Space Res., 35, 1964-1970, 2005.

Janardhan, P., K. Fujiki, M. Kojima, M. Tokumaru, and K. Hakamada, Resolving the enigmatic solar wind disappearance event of 11 May 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A08101, 2005 (10.1029/2005JA010535).

Jenkin, M. E., M. P. Sulbaek Andersen, M. D. Hurley, T. J. Wallington, F. Taketani, and Y. Matsumi, A kinetics and mechanistic study of the OH and NO2 initiated oxidation of cyclohexa-1,3-diene in the gas phase, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7, 1194-1204, 2005.

Jordanova, V. K., and Y. Miyoshi, Relativistic model of ring current and radiation belt ions and electrons: Initial results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14104, 2005 (10.1029/2005GL023020).

Kamide, Y., What determines the intensity of magnetospheric substorms?, in Multiscale Coupling of Sun-Earth Processes, edited by A. T. Y. Lui, Y. Kamide, and G. Consolini, 175-194, Elsevier Pub., Amsterdam, 2004.

Kamide, Y., We reside in the sun’s atmosphere, Biomedic. Pharmacotherapy, 59, 1-4, 2005. Kamide, Y., The importance of real-time data in solar-terrestrial physics, Adv. Space Res., in press,

2006. Kamide, Y., Fukushima’s theorem, in Historical Events and People in Aeronomy, Geomagnetism

and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, in J. History Geophys. Cosmical Phys., 7, edited by W. Schroeder, 28-32, AKGGP/SHGCP, Bremen/Postdam, 2006.

Kamide, Y., What is an “intense” geomagnetic storm?, Space Weather, in press, 2006. Kamide, Y., and G. Rostoker, What is the physical meaning of the AE index?, EOS Trans., Amer.

Geophys. Union., 85, 188-192, 2004 (10.1029/2004EO190010). Kamide, Y, and Y. P. Maltsev, Geomagnetic storms, in Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial Environment,

edited by Y. Kamide and A. C.-L. Chian, Springer Pub., Heidelberg, in press, 2006. Kasai, J. Y., C. Takahashi, J. Urban, S. Hoshino, K. Takahashi, J. Inatani, M. Shiotani and H.

Masuko, Stratospheric ozone isotope enrichment studied by sub-millimeter wave heterodyne radiometry: The observation capabilities of SMILES, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, 676-693, 2006.

Katagiri, H., R. Enomoto, L. T. Ksenofontov, M. Mori, Y. Adachi, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, Y. Doi, P. G. Edwards, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei. Hayashi, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, A. Kawachi, T. Kifune, R. Kiuchi, H. Kubo, T. Kurihara, R. Kurosaka, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Miyashita, Y. Mizumoto, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Naito, T.

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Nakamori, T. Nakase, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, K. Okumura, J. R. Patterson, R. J. Protheroe, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, H. Tanimura, G. J. Thornton, K. Tsuchiya, S. Watanabe, T. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, and T. Yoshikoshi, Detection of gamma rays around 1 TeV from RX J0852.0－ 4622 by CANGAROO-II, Astrophys. J., 619, L163-L166, 2005.

Kawachi, A., T. Naito, J. R. Patterson, P. G. Edwards, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, R. Enomoto, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei. Hayashi, S. Hayashi, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, T. Kifune, L. Ksenofontov, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Mizumoto, M. Mori, H. Moro, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Nakase, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, K. Okumura, R. J. Protheroe, K. Sakurazawa, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, H. Tsunoo, T. Uchida, A. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, and T. Yoshikoshi, A search for TeV gamma-ray emission from the PSR B1259－63/SS 2883 binary system with the CANGAROO-II 10 meter telescope, Astrophys. J., 607, 949-958, 2004.

Khotyaintsev, Y., A. Vaivads, Y. Ogawa, B. Popiclawska, M. Andre, S. Buchert, P. Decereau, B. Lavraud, and H. Reme, Magnetic reconnection in high-beta plasma: Cluster observations in the exterior cusp region, Ann. Geophysicae, 22, 2403-2411, 2004.

Kihn, E. A., M. Zhizhin, and Y. Kamide, An analog forecast model for the high-latitude ionospheric potential based on assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics archives, Space Weather, in press, 2006.

Kojima, M., A. R. Breen, K. Fujiki, K. Hayashi, T. Ohmi, and M. Tokumaru, Fast solar wind after the rapid acceleration, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A04103, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA010247).

Kono, M., K. Takahashi, and Y. Matsumi, Kinetic study of the collisional quenching of spin-orbitally excited atomic chlorine, Cl(2P1/2), by H2O, D2O and H2O2, Chem. Phys. Lett., 418, 15-18, 2006.

Kotake, N., Y. Otsuka, T. Tsugawa, T. Ogawa, and A. Saito, Climatological study of GPS total electron content variations caused by medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2006 (10.1029/2006JA011418).

Kubo, H., A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, Y. Doi, P. G. Edwards, R. Enomoto, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei. Hayashi, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, T. Kifune, L. T. Ksenofontov, T. Kurihara, R. Kurosaka, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Miyashita, Y. Mizumoto, M. Mori, H. Moro, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Naito, T. Nakase, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, K. Okumura, J. R. Patterson, R. J. Protheroe, N. Sakamoto, K. Sakurazawa, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, H. Tanimura, G. Thornton, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, T. Uchida, S. Watanabe, T. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, and T. Yoshikoshi, Status of the CANGAROO-III project, New Astron. Rev., 48, 323-329, 2004.

Kutiev, I., S. Watanabe, Y. Otsuka, and A. Saito, Total electron content behavior over Japan during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A01308, 2005 (10.1029/2004JA010586).

Kuwabara, T., K. Munakata, S. Yasue, C. Kato, S. Akahane, M. Koyama, J. W. Bieber, P. Evenson,

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R. Pyle, Z. Fujii, M. Tokumaru, M. Kojima, K. Marubashi, M. L. Duldig, J. E. Humble, M. R. Silva, N. B. Trivedi, W. D. Gonzalez, and N. J. Schuch, Geometry of an interplanetary CME on October 29, 2003 deduced from cosmic rays, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19803, 2004 (10.1029/2004GL020803).

Laurenza, M., M. Storini, G. Moreno, and Z. Fujii, Reliability of the IMF polarities inferred from the N-S cosmic ray anisotropy and geomagnetic data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A06103, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA10323).

Lavraud, B., M. F. Thomsen, B. Lefebvre, S. J. Schwartz, K. Seki, T. D. Phan, Y. L. Wang, A. Fazakerley, H. Reme, and A. Balogh, Evidence for newly closed magnetosheath field lines at the dayside magnetopause under northward IMF, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2006．

Le Crâne, J.-P., E. Villenave, M. D. Hurley, T. J. Wallington, S. Nishida, K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, Atmospheric chemistry of pivalaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde: Kinetics and mechanisms of reactions with Cl atoms, fate of (CH3)3CC(O) and (CH3)2CHC(O) radicals, and self reaction kinetics of (CH3)3CC(O)O2 and (CH3)2CHC(O)O2 radicals, J. Phys. Chem., A108, 795-805, 2004.

Maeda, S., S. Nozawa, H. Fujiwara, and Y. Ogawa, Comparative study of the high-latitude E-region ion and neutral temperatures in the polar cap and the auroral region derived from the EISCAT radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A08301, 2005 (10.1029/ 2004JA010893).

Maezawa, H., T. Sato, and T. Noguchi, Process simulation of reactive DC magnetron sputtering for thin film deposition of niobium-titanium nitride, IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, 15, 3520-3523, 2005.

Manson, A. H., C. E. Meek, C. M. Hall, S. Nozawa, N. J. Mitchell, D. Pancheva, W. Singer, and P. Hoffmann, Mesopause dynamics from the Scandinavian triangle of radars within the PSMOS-DATAR project, Ann. Geophysicae, 22, 367-386, 2004.

Masuda, S., Coronal hard X-ray source related to a plasma ejection, in The Solar-B Mission and the Forefront of Solar Physics, the Fifth Solar-B Science Meeting, ASP Conference Series, 325, edited by T. Sakurai and T. Sekii, ASP, San Francisco, in press, 2006.

Matsumi, Y., H. Shigemori, and K. Takahashi, Laser-induced fluorescence instrument for measuring atmospheric SO2, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3177-3185, 2005.

Matsumoto, J., K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, A. Yabushita, A. Shimizu, I. Matsui, and N. Sugimoto, Scavenging of pollutant acid substances by Asian mineral dust particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL025782).

Matsumoto, Y., K. Makishima, J. Kotoku, M. Yoshimori, T. Kosugi, S. Masuda, and K. Morimoto, A statistical study of gamma-ray emitting solar flares observed with Yohkoh, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 57, 211-220, 2005.

Metallinou, F.-A., I. A. Daglis, Y. Kamide, and J. -H. Seiradakis, Study of the Dst-AL correlation during geospace magnetic storms, IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, 32, 1455-1458, 2004.

Miyahara, H., K. Masuda, Y. Muraki, H. Kitagawa, and T. Nakamura, Variation of solar cyclicity during the Spoerer minimum, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03103, 2006 (10.1029/ 2005JA011016).

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Miyahara, H., K. Masuda, Y. Muraki, H. Furuzawa, H. Menjo, and T. Nakamura, Cyclicity of solar activity during the Maunder Minimum deduced from radio carbon content, Solar Phys., 224, 317-322, 2004.

Miyahara, H., K. Masuda, H. Furuzawa, H. Menjo, Y. Muraki, H. Kitagawa, and T. Nakamura, Variation of the radiocarbon content in tree rings during the Spoerer Minimum, Radiocarbon, 46, 965-968, 2004.

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Takada, T., K. Seki, M. Hirahara, M. Fujimoto, Y. Saito, H. Hayakawa, and T. Mukai, Statistical properties of low-frequency waves and ion beams in the plasma sheet boundary layer: Geotail observations, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A02204, 2005 (10.1029/2004JA010395).

Takada, T., R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, K. Seki, Z. Voros, Y. Asano, M. Volwerk, A. Runov, T. L. Zhang, A. Balogh, G. Paschmann, R. B. Torbert, B. Klecker, H. Reme, P. Puhl-Quinn, P. Canu, and P. M. E. Decreau, Alfven waves in the near-PSBL lobe: Cluster observations, Ann. Geophysicae, in press, 2006.

Takahashi, H., T. Nakamura, K. Shiokawa, T. Tsuda, L. M. Lima, and D. Gobbi, Atmospheric density and pressure inferred from the meteor diffusion coefficient and airglow O2b temperature in the MLT region, Earth Planets Space, 56, 249-258, 2004.

Takahashi, H., C. M. Wrasse, D. Gobbi, T. Nakamura, K. Shiokawa and L. M. Lima, Airglow OH emission height inferred from the OH temperature and meteor trail diffusion coefficient, Adv. Space Res., 35, 1940-1944, 2005.

Takahashi, K., Y. Takeuchi, and Y. Matsumi, Rate constants of the O(1D) reactions with N2, O2, N2O, and H2O at 295K, Chem. Phys. Lett., 410, 196-200, 2005.

Takahashi, K., S. Hayashi, T. Suzuki, and Y. Matsumi, Accurate determination of the absolute quantum yield for O(1D) formation in the photolysis of O3 at 308 nm, J. Phys. Chem., A108, 10497-10501, 2004.

Takahashi, K., T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, and Y. Osamura, Hydrogen atom formation in the photolysis of acetone at 193 nm, J. Phys. Chem., A108, 8002-8008, 2004.

Taketani, F., K. Takahashi, and Y. Matsumi, Quantum yield for Cl(2Pj) formation from the photolysis of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons at 193.3 nm, J. Phys. Chem., A109, 2855-2860, 2005.

Taketani, F., K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, and T. J. Wallington, Kinetics of the reactions of Cl*(2P1/2) and Cl(2P3/2) atoms with CH3OH, C2H5OH, n-C3H7OH, and i-C3H7OH at 295K, J. Phys. Chem., A109, 3935-3940, 2005.

Taketani, F., A. Yamasaki, K. Takahashi, and Y. Matsumi, Laser-induced fluorescence study of the quenching of Cl(2P1/2) in collisions with N2 molecules and rare gas atoms, Chem Phys. Lett., 406, 259-262, 2005.

Taketani, F., T. Nakayama, K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, M. D. Hurley, T. J. Wallington, A. Toft, and M. P. Sublbaek Anderson, Atmospheric chemistry of CH3CHF2 (HFC-152a): Kinetics,

50

mechanisms, and products of Cl atom- and OH radical-initiated oxidation in the presence and absence of NOx, J. Phys. Chem., A109, 9061-9069, 2005.

Tanskanen, E. I., J. A Slavin, D. H. Fairfield, D. G Sibeck, J. Gjerloev, T. Mukai, A. Ieda, and T. Nagai, Magnetotail response to prolonged southward IMF Bz intervals: Loading, unloading, and continuous magnetospheric dissipation, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A03216, 2005 (10.1029/ 2004JA010561).

Terada, N., H. Shinagawa, and S. Machida, Global hybrid model of the solar wind interaction with the Venus ionosphere: Ion escape processes, Adv. Space Res., 33, 161-166, 2004.

Terada, N., H. Shinagawa, S. Machida, H. Lammer, T. Penz, H. I. M. Lichtenegger, H. K. Biernat, and I. Ribas, Simulation of the total ion loss evolution on Mars with a global hybrid model: Implications for the planet’s hydrosphere, Icarus, in press, 2006.

Terasawa, T., T. Tanaka, Y. Takei, N. Kawai, A. Yoshida, K. Nomoto, I. Yoshikawa, Y. Saito, Y. Kasaba, T. Takashima, T. Mukai, H. Noda, T. Murakami, K. Watanabe, Y. Muraki, T. Yokoyama, and M. Hoshino, Repeated injections of energy in the first 600 ms of the giant flare of SGR1806 - 20, Nature, 434, 1110-1111, 2005.

Tokumaru, M., M. Kojima, K. Fujiki, M. Yamashita, and D. Baba, Interplanetary consequences caused by the extremely intense solar activity during October-November 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A01109, 2005 (10.1029/2004JA010656).

Tokumaru, M., M. Yamashita, M. Kojima, K. Fujiki, and T. Nakagawa, Reconstructed global feature of interplanetary disturbance for the full-halo coronal mass ejection event on 1999 September 20, Adv. Space Res., in press, 2006.

Tsuchiya, K., R. Enomoto, L. T. Ksenofontov, M. Mori, T. Naito, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, Y. Doi, P. G. Edwards, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei. Hayashi, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, T. Kifune, H. Kubo, T. Kirihara, R. Kurosaki, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Miyashita, Y. Mizumoto, H. Moro, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Nakase, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohashi, K. Okumura, J. R. Patterson, R. J. Protheroe, N. Sakamoto, K. Sakurazawa, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, H. Tanimura, G. Thornton, F. Tokanai, T. Uchida, S. Watanabe, T. Yamaoka, and S. Yanagita, Detection of sub-TeV gamma rays from the galactic center direction by CANGAROO-II, Astrophys. J., 606, L115-L118, 2004.

Tsugawa, T., A. Saito, and Y. Otsuka, A statistical study of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using the GPS network in Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A06302, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA010302).

Tsugawa, T., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, A. Saito, and M. Nishioka, Geomagnetic conjugate observations of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using GPS networks in Japan and Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A02302, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011300).

Tsunoda, R. T., R. B. Cosgroves, and T. Ogawa, Azimuth-dependent Es layer instability: A missing link found, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A12303, 2004 (10.1029/2005JA010597).

Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, Y. Kamide, X. Y. Zhou, and J. K. Arballo, Are High-intensity, Long-duration, Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) events substorm, expansion events?, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys., 66, 167-176, 2004.

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Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, M. Grande, Y. Kamide, I. Mann, J. Moren, G. Rostoker, F. Soraas, D. Summers, and V. M. Vasyliunas, Geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of the solar cycle: A review, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2006.

Udalski, A., M. Jaroszynski, B. Paczynski, M. Kubiak, M. K. Szymanski, I. Soszynski, G. Pietrzynski, K. Ulaczyk, O. Szewczyk, L. Wyrzykowski, G. W. Christie, D. L. DePoy, S. Dong, A. Gal-Yam, B. S. Gaudi, A. Gould, C. Han, S. Lepine, J. McCormick, B.-G. Park, R. W. Podge, D. P. Bennett, I. A. Bond, Y. Muraki, P. J. Tristram, P. C. M. Yock, J.-P. Beaulieu, D. M. Bramich, S. W. Dieters, J. Greenhill, K. Hill, K. Horne, and D. Kubas, A Jovian-mass planet in microlensing event OGLE-2005-BLG-071, Astrophys. J., 628, L109-L112, 2005.

Unnikrishnan, K., A. Saito, Y. Otsuka, M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao, Transition region of TEC enhancement phenomena during geomagnetically disturbed periods at mid-latitudes, Ann. Geophysicae, 23, 3439-3450, 2005.

Valdes-Galicia, J. F., Y. Muraki, H. Tsujihara, T. Sako, O. Musalem, A. Hurtabo, L. X. Gonzalez, Y. Matsubara, K. Watanabe, N. Hirano, N. Tateiwa, S. Shibata, and T. Sakai, An improved solar neutron telescope installed at a very high altitude in Mexico, Nucl. Instr. and Meth., A535, 656-664, 2004.

Walker, R. J., S. P. Joy, M. G. Kivelson, K. Khurana, T. Ogino and K. Fukazawa, The locations and shapes of Jupiter’s bow shock and magnetopause, in The Physics of Collisionless Shocks, AIP Conference Proceedings, 781, edited by G. Li, G. P. Zank, and C. T. Russell, 95-108, AIP, New York, 2005.

Watanabe, K., M. Gros, P. H. Stoker, K. Kudela, C. Lopate, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, A. Hurtado, O. Musalem, R. Ogasawara, Y. Mizumoto, M. Nakagiri, A. Miyashita, Y. Matsubara, T. Sako, Y. Muraki, T. Sakai, and S. Shibata, Solar neutron events of October-November 2003, Astrophys. J., 636, 1135‐1144, 2006.

Xu, W.-Y., and Y. Kamide, Decomposition of daily geomagnetic variations by using method of Natural Orthogonal Component, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A05218, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA010216).

Yago, K., K. Shiokawa, K. Hayashi, and K. Yumoto, Auroral particles associated with a substorm brightening arc, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06104, 2005 (10.1029/2004GL021894).

Yamasaki, K., S. Tomita, T. Hatano, F. Taketani, and I. Tokue, Radiative lifetime and multiquantum vibrational relaxation of SO(B3Σ−, ν′ = 3) by collisions with He, Chem. Phys. Lett., 413, 231-236, 2005.

Yamazaki, A., I. Yoshikawa, N. Terada, and M. Nakamura, EUV imaging of near-Venus space, Adv. Space Res., 33, 1932-1937, 2004.

Yuan, Z, R. Fujii, S. Nozawa, and Y. Ogawa, Statistical height-dependent relative importance of the Lorentz force and Joule heating in generating atmospheric gravity waves in the auroral electrojets, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12303, 2005 (10.1029/2005JA011315).

Zhang, B.-C., Y. Kamide, R.-Y. Liu, H. Shinagawa, and K. Iwamasa, A modeling study of ionospheric conductivities in the high-latitude electrojet regions, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A04310, 2004 (10.1029/2003JA010181).

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International Conferences The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory has been represented in academic year 2005 at various international conferences.

Title Country Date Number of Presentations

11th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy and CAWSES Mini-Workshop (ISEA)

Taiwan May 9－14, 2005 7

The First International Symposium by the China, Korea and Japan Meteorological Societies

Japan May 13－14, 2005 1

SuperDARN Workshop U.K. May 16－20, 2005 2

Solar Wind 11/ SOHO 16 Canada June 12－17, 2005 1

NDSC InfraRed Working Group Meeting Canada June 13－15, 2005 1

ITR Workshop Canada June 15－17, 2005 1

AOGS 2nd Annual Meeting 2005 Singapore June 20－24, 2005 7

2005 CEDAR Workshop U.S.A. June 26－July 1, 2005 4

GEM Meeting U.S.A. June 26－July 1, 2005 1

IAGA 2005 Scientific Assembly and ICMA Symposium

France July 18－29, 2005 9

29th International Cosmic Ray Conference India August 3－10, 2005 9

Korea-Japan Workshop 2005 Korea August 23, 2005 1

Assembly of International Union of Radio Science (URSI)

India August 23－29, 2005 1

EISCAT Workshop Sweden August 29－September 2, 2005

3

International Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Earth-Oceans-Space

Japan September 15－16, 2005 7

Workshop on Solar Activity: Exploration, Understanding and Prediction

Sweden September 19－21, 2005 1

Solar Extreme Events 2005: Fundamental Science and Applied Aspects

Armenia September 26－30, 2005 1

IAC 2005 Fukuoka Japan October 16－21, 2005 1

XXVIIIth General Assembly of International Union of Radio Science

India October 23－29, 2005 2

NDSC Steering Committee Meeting Spain November 8－11, 2005 1

The 6th Solar-B Science Meeting Japan November 8－11, 2005 2

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International Workshop on Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation

Japan November 14－15, 2005 2

STEREO/Solar-B Workshop U.S.A. November 15－18, 2005 1

2005 AGU Fall Meeting U.S.A. December 5－9, 2005 15

Workshop on Submillimeter Astronomy and Receiver Technologies Joint Workshop with the 6th Workshop on Submillimeter-Wave

China December 8－10, 2005 1

CAWSES Space Weather Workshop at Stanford University

U.S.A. December 10－12, 2005 4

6th International Conference on Global Change: Connection to the Arctic (GCCA6)

Japan December 12－13, 2005 5

10th Gravitational Microlensing Workshop Japan January 16－19, 2006 2

Conference on Earth-Sun System Exploration: Energy Transfer

U.S.A. January 16－20, 2006 4

The Korea-Japan Workshop on ULF Waves and Other Geospace Phenomena

Japan February 16－17, 2006 1

SCOSTEP 11th Quadrennial Solar Terrestrial Physics Symposium “Sun, Space Physics and Climate”

Brazil March 6－10, 2006 2

The 1st TAN Integration Workshop Switzerland March 10, 2006 1

10th East Asian Workshop on Chemical Reactions Taiwan March 22－26, 2006 1

8th International School/Symposium for Space Simulations

Canada March 27－31, 2006 3

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3. Staff

Organization

Administrative Section

Research Divisions

Geospace Research Center

Engineering Section

Division II: Ionospheric and

Magnetospheric Environment

Management Section

Moshiri Observatory

Rikubetsu Observatory

Fuji Observatory

Sakushima Observatory

Kagoshima Observatory

Accounting Branch

General Affairs Branch

Research Project Section

Division I: Atmospheric Environment

Division for Visiting Scientists

Division IV: Integrated Studies

Division II: Ionospheric and

Magnetospheric Environment

Division III: Heliospheric Environment

Administrative Section

Research Divisions

Geospace Research Center

Engineering Section

Division II: Ionospheric and

Magnetospheric Environment

Management Section

Moshiri Observatory

Rikubetsu Observatory

Fuji Observatory

Sakushima Observatory

Kagoshima Observatory

Accounting Branch

General Affairs Branch

Research Projects Section

Division I: Atmospheric Environment

Division for Visiting Scientists

Division IV: Integrated Studies

Division II: Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment

Division III: Heliospheric Environment

Deputy Director

Director

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Staff List Director Ryoichi Fujii Deputy Director Masayoshi Kojima Research Divisions Division I: Atmospheric Environment Yutaka Matsumi* Professor Akira Mizuno Professor Tomoo Nagahama Associate Professor Kenshi Takahashi* Assistant Professor Division II: Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment Tadahiko Ogawa* Professor Ryoichi Fujii Professor Kazuo Shiokawa* Associate Professor Satonori Nozawa Associate Professor Yuichi Otsuka* Assistant Professor Yasunobu Ogawa Assistant Professor Division III: Heliospheric Environment Yasushi Muraki▲ Professor Masayoshi Kojima Professor Yoshitaka Itow Professor Yutaka Matsubara Associate Professor Kimiaki Masuda Associate Professor Munetoshi Tokumaru Associate Professor Takashi Sako Assistant Professor Takahiro Sumi○ Assistant Professor Division IV: Integrated Studies Yohsuke Kamide Professor Takashi Kikuchi Professor Satoshi Masuda Associate Professor Kanako Seki Associate Professor Akimasa Ieda Assistant Professor Yoshizumi Miyoshi Assistant Professor

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Geospace Research Center Masayoshi Kojima Director, Professor Tatsuki Ogino Professor Fumio Abe Associate Professor Nozomu Nishitani Associate Professor Ken’ichi Fujiki Assistant Professor Hiroyuki Maezawa Assistant Professor Takayuki Umeda○ Assistant Professor

Observatories Moshiri Observatory Yutaka Matsumi Director, Professor Rikubetsu Observatory Akira Mizuno Director, Professor Fuji Observatory Masayoshi Kojima Director, Professor Sakushima Observatory Yutaka Matsumi Director, Professor Kagoshima Observatory Tadahiko Ogawa Director, Professor

Administrative Section Yoshiyuki Shamoto General Secretary Hiroshi Mukai* Chief General Affairs Branch Motohiro Yokoe Section Chief Midori Hayase Hiromi Kawahara Accounting Branch Shun’ichi Shimakura Section Chief Kazuo Nakazawa Takahiro Shiraki*

Technical Center (Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory) Mitsugi Satoh*▲ Section Chief Noriji Toriyama* Section Chief Yasuo Kato* Specialist Hiroshi Nakada*▲ Chief

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Kazuo Maruyama Chief Masaru Orito Chief Koichi Hidaka Kagoshima Observatory Masayuki Sera Moshiri Observatory Yuji Ikegami Moshiri Observatory Takami Yamada Yasushi Maruyama Yasusuke Kojima*○ Yuka Yamamoto*○

* Affiliated with the Laboratory’s Toyokawa branch on the Toyokawa campus of Nagoya University ○ Joined the Laboratory in the 2005 academic year ▲ Left the Laboratory in the 2005 academic year

Designated Professor Name Period

Muraki, Y. From April 1, 2006

Visiting Foreign Staff Name, Title Permanent Affiliation Period of Stay

Haldoupis, C., Professor

University of Crete, Greece February 2, 2005－May 31, 2005

Evenson, P. A., Professor

University of Delaware, U.S.A. March 1, 2005－May 31,2005

Chian, A. C.-L. Professor

National Institute for Space Research, Brazil

July 21, 2005－October 20, 2005

Takahashi, H. Senior Research Staff

National Institute for Space Research, Brazil

October 2, 2005－January 31, 2006

Kutiev, I. S. Professor

Geophysical Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria

November 1, 2005－ February 28, 2006

Kroehl, H. W. Chief Scientist

Applied Physics, Inc., U.S.A. February 1, 2006－May 31, 2006

Visiting Staff Name, Title Permanent Affiliation Period

Fujimoto, M., Associate Professor

Tokyo Institute of Technology September 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

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Murata, T., Associate Professor

Ehime University September 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Maeda, S. Professor

Kyoto Women’s University October 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Fujita, S. Associate Professor

Meteorological College October 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Part-time Lecturer Name, Title Permanent Affiliation Period

Kurokawa, H., Professor

Kyoto University October 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Munakata, K., Professor

Shinshu University October 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Researcher (Postdoctoral Fellows) Name Period

Yoshioka, T. April 16, 2005－March 31, 2006

Sunou, H. May 1, 2005－June 19, 2005

Inoue, S. From April 1, 2006

Researcher Name Period

Narukawa, M. From April 1, 2005

Matsumoto, J. April 1, 2005－March 30, 2006

Cooperating Research Fellow Name Period

Park, K. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Nishino, M. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Fujii, Z. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

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JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Research Fellows Name Period

Miyashita, Y. April 1, 2003－March 31, 2006

Miyahara, H. April 1, 2003－March 31, 2006

Watanabe, K. April 1, 2004－March 31, 2006

Tsugawa, T. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2008

Yokoyama, T. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2008

Suzuki, S. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2007

Nakayama, T. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2006

Shinbori, A. April 1, 2006－March 31, 2009

Kataoka, R. April 1, 2006－March 31, 2007

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4. Management System

The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory was established to conduct comprehensive research on the solar-terrestrial environment. To accomplish this goal smoothly, the Laboratory has a system of three operating committees. The Advisory Board is to advise the Director on the overall management of the Laboratory matters and future plans. The Laboratory refers issues on cooperative research to the Cooperative Committee, and technical details are considered by the Technical Committee which has representatives from each of the Research Divisions.

Committee System Cooperative In-House Committee Engineering Committee Budget Committee Publication Committee Computer Committee Education Committee Library Committee Facility Maintenance Committee Public Relations and Outreach Committee Various Institute Committees Technical Committee of Atmospheric Environment

Technical Committee of Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment

Technical Committee of Heliospheric Environment

Technical Committee of Integrated Studies

Technical Committee of Overseas Observations

Steering Committee of Geospace Research Center

Director

Advisory Board

Deputy Director

Faculty Meeting

Cooperative Committee

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Advisory Board The Advisory Board for the 2005 academic year is as follows:

A. Morioka Professor, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

I. Ohta Trustee (Vice President), Utsunomiya University

A. Sumi Professor, Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo

T. Terasawa Professor, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo

H. Matsumoto Director, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanoshere, Kyoto University

K. Yumoto Director, Space Environment Research Center, Kyushu University

T. Kosugi Professor, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

S. Sato Professor, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University S. Takamura Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya

University

T. Kawai Professor, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University

R. Fujii Director, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Y. Matsumi Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

T. Ogawa Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Y. Muraki Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Y. Kamide Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

T. Ogino Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

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5. Collaborative Research Activities

Collaborative Research Program One of the major functions of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory is to promote and conduct collaborative research on Solar-Terrestrial Science with scientists from universities and institutes outside the Laboratory. These research programs are carried out using laboratory instruments, software/databases and facilities. The Laboratory’s contact persons are indicated below: Instruments Contact Person

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer for Atmospheric Y. Matsumi Composition Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

Visible Wavelength Spectrometer for Atmospheric Composition T. Nagahama Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

Tropospheric Environment Monitoring System (Nagoya) Y. Matsumi Laser Radar (Toyokawa) Y. Matsumi Raman Lidar (Nagoya) Y. Matsumi Heterogeneous Atmospheric Reaction Analysing System Y. Matsumi

(Toyokawa) High-sensitive monochromatic all-sky imager (Moshiri) K. Shiokawa Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (Toyokawa) K. Shiokawa The UHF (327 MHz) Antenna for Interplanetary Scintillation M. Kojima

Observations (Fuji and Kiso) Solar Neutron Telescope (Norikura Observatory, Institute for Y. Muraki

Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo) Y. Matsubara Multi-Directional Cosmic Ray Muon Telescope (Nagoya) F. Abe Three-Dimensional Image Processing System (Toyokawa) T. Ogino

Software / Database Contact Person

Atmospheric Composition Data by FT-IR Measurements T. Nagahama (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

NO2 and O3 Data by Visible Wavelength Spectrometer Y. Matsumi Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

EISCAT Database (Longyearbyen, Tromsø, Kiruna, and R. Fujii Sondakylä) S. Nozawa

All-Sky Auroral Data (Canada, Alaska, and Siberia) K. Shiokawa Coordinated Magnetic Data Along 210° Magnetic Meridian K. Shiokawa

(Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Kagoshima, and Overseas MM Stations) Database of the Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers T. Ogawa

(Rikubetsu, Shigaraki, Sata, Darwin, and Kototabang) K. Shiokawa

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Imaging Riometer Data (Spitsbergen and Brazil) T. Ogawa VLF/LF Wave Data (Moshiri and Kagoshima) T. Ogawa Interplanetary Scintillation Data M. Kojima Solar Wind Speed Data M. Kojima Cosmic Ray Intensity Database F. Abe Algorithm for Global Modeling of Ionospheric Electric Y. Kamide

Fields and Currents Mapping of Equivalent Current System Y. Kamide MHD Simulation on the Magnetospheric Environment T. Ogino STE Database (Ozone) T. Ogino STE Database (Solar Wind and Magnetospheric Environment) S. Masuda K. Seki MOA Database F. Abe

Facilities Contact Person Computer System (Composite Workstation System) T. Ogino F. Abe Facilities at Moshiri Observatory Y. Matsumi Facilities at Rikubetsu Observatory A. Mizuno Facilities at Kiso Station M. Kojima Facilities at Fuji Observatory M. Kojima Facilities at Sakushima Observatory Y. Matsumi Facilities at Kagoshima Observatory T. Ogawa

Facilities for International Collaboration Contact Person

MF Radar and Photometer (Tromsø ) R. Fujii S. Nozawa

GEDAS (Geospace Environment Data Analysis System) S. Masuda N. Nishitani Symposia / Workshops The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory sponsors topical symposia/workshops to provide a forum for stimulating discussions on Solar-Terrestrial Science. Each year proposals for conducting such symposia are called for. The following meetings have been approved by the Cooperative Committee, and held in academic year 2005:

Title, Convener Location Date

CAWSES Workshop on Space Weather, K. Yumoto Tokyo April 4－6, 2005

STP Overseas Observations Symposium, K. Munakata Tokyo April 4－6, 2005

Meeting on Curriculums of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment for High School Education, H. Nakai

Tokyo June 18－19, 2005

Meeting on Curriculums of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment for High School Education, H. Nakai

Tokyo July 2－3, 2005

Geospace Environment Science Workshop, T. Nagatsuma Koganei August 1－2, 2005

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STER Meeting, T. Tanaka Koganei August 1, 2005

Symposium on the Present and Future of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Research, I. Murata

Matsushima August 22－24, 2005

CAWSES Workshop, T. Tsuda Nagoya September 12－13, 2005

Space Weather/Climate Symposium, M. Akioka Nagoya September 12－13, 2005

Nonlinear Dynamics of Earth and Space, A. Chian Inuyama September 15－16, 2005

STE Simulation Workshop, H. Shinagawa Matsuyama October 13－14, 2005

STE Modeling Workshop, S. Fujita Matsuyama October 13－14, 2005

Mid-Latitude HF Radar Workshop, N. Nishitani Toyokawa November 6－8, 2005

Workshop on Light Emissions in the Upper Atmosphere, M. Yamamoto

Toyokawa November 6－8, 2005

Symposium on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere, H. Fujiwara

Toyokawa November 6－8, 2005

Imaging Observations of Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere from Space, A. Saito

Toyokawa November 6－8, 2005

6th Solar-B Science Meeting, K. Shibata Kyoto November 8－11, 2005

Plasma Convection in the Magnetosphere-IonosphereComplex System, K. Hashimoto

Kurashiki November 14－15, 2005

Workshop on Space Simulation, M. Fujimoto Matsuyama December 15－16, 2005

Symposium on Construction of the Huge Database, M. Nose Matsuyama December 15－16, 2005

Workshop on Information Science of Solar-Terrestrial System, T. Murata

Matsuyama December 15－16, 2005

Symposium on the Future of Space Plasma and STE Studies 4, M. Fujimoto

Atsumi December 26－28, 2005

16th Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry, Y. Kondo Toyokawa January 11－13, 2006

Origin, Acceleration, and Transport of High-Energy Nuclei in the Interplanetary Space, N. Hasebe

Nagoya January 11－13, 2006

Solar-Terrestrial Environment and the Modulation of Cosmic Rays, K. Munakata

Nagoya January 11－13, 2006

New Physics of the Solar System Environment, Y. Muraki Nagoya January 16－18, 2006

Workshop for Publication of Research on Upper Atmosphere and Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Plasmas, K. Shiokawa

Atsumi January 16－18, 2006

Conference on Earth-Sun System Exploration: Energy Transfer, Y. Kamide

U.S.A. January 16－20, 2006

Study on Active Regions Producing Large Solar Flares and its Applications to Space Weather Research, H. Kurokawa

Kyoto February 6－8, 2006

Workshop on a Future Simulation Study of Geostorm, A. Yoshikawa

Nagoya February 13－14, 2006

Dynamics of Heavy Ions Originated from the Ionosphere, M. Nose

Nagoya February 20－21, 2006

Workshop on Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Receiver Technique, H. Ogawa

Osaka March 6－7, 2006

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Reports from Collaborative Research Proceedings Title Date of Publication

The Second Japanese CAWSES workshop December, 2005

STE Simulation Workshop February, 2006

Proc. of 16th Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry March, 2006

Proc. of the Symposium and Workshop on the Heliosphere March, 2006

Plasma Convection in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Complex System March, 2006

Proc. of 6th Workshop on Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Receiver Technique March, 2006 Committee on STER The principal activities of the Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Environmental Research (STER) in Japan are to organize workshops, which promote collaborative work in related research areas. Two workshops were held in the 2005 academic year: Title Date Location

STER Meeting August 3, 2005 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

STER Meeting March 23, 2006 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

CAWSES Space Weather Database in Japan Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) which carried out the STEP program (1990－1997) and the S-RAMP program (1998－2002), is conducting the Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) program for 2004－2008 to understand the short term (Space Weather) and long term (Space Climate) variabilities of the integrated solar-terrestrial environment, and for its societal applications. The CAWSES Space Weather Database in Japan was generated to provide the infrastructure for the CAWSES program and to promote international collaborative research by making available Japanese databases collected during the CAWSES periods. Following the CAWSES Database in 2004, we generated the CAWSES Space Weather Database in 2005－2006. We also generated several CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs, and distributed them to the CAWSES research colleagues. Title Date

CAWSES Space Weather Database CD-ROM & DVD-ROM (10 volumes) March, 2006

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6. International Relations

Academic Exchange Because of the nature of Solar-Terrestrial Science, it is essential that the Laboratory put international cooperative research programs forward. The total number of signed agreements is 20 as of April, 2006. The essence of the Agreement for Academic Exchange program is to promote international collaboration in observations, data analyses, and theoretical studies; exchange of researchers including graduate students; and exchange of information on research projects, planning, and publications.

Institution Country Establishment Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space Indonesia May 31, 1988 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research New Zealand July 26, 1989 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks U.S.A. July 16, 1990 Department of Physics, University of Oslo Norway November 23, 1990 Chacaltaya Cosmic Ray Observatory, Faculty of Sciences,Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz

Bolivia February 20, 1992

Centre for Geophysical Research, University of Auckland New Zealand December 7, 1992 Space Environment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

U.S.A. December 15, 1992

National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

U.S.A. January 5, 1993

Swedish Institute of Space Physics Sweden March 25, 1993 Faculty of Science, University of Tromsø Norway October 8, 1993 Department of Geophysics, Finnish Meteorological Institute Finland October 21, 1994 Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology U.S.A. October 24, 1994 Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan U.S.A. October 24, 1994 Yerevan Physics Institute Armenia October 18, 1996 National Institute for Space Research Brazil March 5, 1997 Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California at San Diego

U.S.A. December 22, 1997

Faculty of Science, University of Canterbury New Zealand July 30, 1998 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

China February 20, 2001

Indian Institute of Geomagnetism of the Department of Science and Technology

India October 24, 2001

Polar Research Institute of China China November 11, 2005

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International Collaboration A. Major International Projects

Research Subject Collaborating Country (Countries) or Organization (s) CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) SCOSTEP Study of the Polar Ionosphere and Magnetosphere Using HF Radar Network

U.S.A., U.K., France, South Africa, Australia, Canada, Italy

Space Weather Study of the Solar Wind -Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling

Korea

B. International Collaborative Projects

Research Subject The Other Party (Parties) Arctic Ozone Chemistry NIWA; New Zealand Laboratory Studies on Atmospheric Fate Processes

of Hydrofluorocarbons Ford Research Laboratory; U.S.A.

Laboratory Studies on Elementary Reactions of Atmospheric Minor Constituents

University of Bristol; U.K.

Application of the Cavity Ring Down (CRD) Spectroscopy to Atmospheric Measurements

Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S.A.

Observational Study of Atmospheric Minor Molecules in Atacama, Chile

University of Chile; Chile

Magnetic Conjugate Observations of Midlatitude Thermospheric Disturbances

Cornell University; U.S.A IPS Radio and Space Service; Australia

210° MM Magnetic Network Observations LAPAN; Indonesia IPS Radio and Space Service; Australia IKFIA; Russia

Variation of the Thermosphere and Ionosphere owing to the Energy of Atmospheric Waves

LAPAN; Indonesia

High-Sensitive Imaging Measurements of Airglow and Aurora in the Canadian Arctic

University of California; U.S.A. University of Calgary; Canada

Studies of Low-latitude Ionosphere Disturbances by Imaging Riometers

INPE; Brazil University of Magallanes; Chile University of Concepción; Chile

Upper Atmosphere Observations in the Brazilian Geomagnetic Anomaly Region

INPE; Brazil

Global Observation of Airglow Rotational Temperature in the Mesopause Region

Utah State University; U.S.A. INPE; Brazil LAPAN; Indonesia

Study of the Polar Upper Atmosphere Using the EISCAT Radars and Other Instruments

University of Tromsø; Norway EISCAT Scientific Association

Collaborative Study Using the EISCAT Radars EISCAT Scientific Association Observations of Interplanetary Disturbances Using the International IPS Network

EISCAT Group; U.K. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; India National Centre for Radio Astrophysics; Mexico

Study of 3-D Solar Wind Structure and Dynamics Using Heliospheric Tomography

UCSD/CASS; U.S.A.

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A Search for Dark Objects Using the Gravitational Microlensing Effect

University of Auckland; New Zealand University of Canterbury; New Zealand

Observations of Solar Neutrons at High Mountains near the Equator

Research Institute of Physics, University of San Andres; Bolivia Yerevan Physics Institute; Armenia Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China University of Bern; Switzerland University of Hawaii; U.S.A. National Autonomous University of Mexico; Mexico

Electrodynamic Processes in the Polar Ionosphere NOAA/NGDC; U.S.A. NCAR; U.S.A. Kyungpook National University; Korea

Geospace Environment Data Analysis System NOAA; U.S.A. University of Michigan; U.S.A.

Space Weather Predictions NOAA/SEC; U.S.A.

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Visitors

Short-Term Visitors (April 2005－March 2006) Name Permanent Affiliation Country Donovan, R. J. University of Edinburgh U.K. Bitter, M. University of Cambridge U.K. Yang, H. Polar Research Institute of China China Hu, Z. Polar Research Institute of China China Kota, J. University of Arizona U.S.A. Aprile, E. Columbia University U.S.A. Ahn, B. H. Kyungpook National University Korea Yi, Y. Chungnam National University Korea Oh, K. S. Chungnam National University Korea Lui, A. T. Y. Johns Hopkins University U.S.A. Opgenoorth, H. J. European Space Agency, ESTEC Germany Frey, H. Space Sciences Laboratory, UCB U.S.A. Moen, J. University of Oslo Norway Gould, A. Ohio State University U.S.A. Yock, P. C. M. University of Auckland New Zealand Botzler, C. University of Auckland New Zealand Bond, I. A. Massey University New Zealand Sullivan, D. J. Victoria University New Zealand Bennett, D. P. University of Notre Dame U.S.A. Udalski, A. Warsaw University Observatory Poland Wyrzykowski, L. University of Cambridge U.K. Beaulieu, J. P. Paris Institute of Astrophysics France Vinter, C. Paris Institute of Astrophysics France Dominik, M. University of St. Andrews U.K. Horne, K. University of St. Andrews U.K. Burgdorf, M. Liverpool John Moores University U.K. Duke, J. Liverpool John Moores University U.K. Milsztajn, A. CEA Saclay France Jatzer, P. University of Zürich Switzerland Rattenbury, N. University of Manchester U.K. Burton, M. University of New South Wales Australia Perdereau, O. LAL France Novati, S. C. University of Zürich Switzerland Dong, S. Ohio State University U.S.A. Han, C. Chungbuk National University Korea Park, B.-G. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Korea Turner, W. C. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory U.S.A. Troshichev, O. A. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Russia Kihn, E. A. NGDC U.S.A. Tsurutani, B. T. JPL U.S.A. Verkhoglyadova, O. UCR U.S.A. Shizgal, B. University of British Columbia Canada Maruyama, N. University of Colorado U.S.A. Jackson, B. V. UCSD U.S.A.

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Seminars by Visitors Name Institution Country Date Opgenoorth, H. J. European Space Agency - ESTEC Germany April 7, 2005 Kota, J. University of Arizona U.S.A. May 10, 2005 Troshichev, O. A. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Russia May 30, 2005 Donovan, R. J. University of Edinburgh U.K. June 22, 2005 Bitter, M. University of Cambridge U.K. July 19, 2005 Chian, A. INPE Brazil August 10, 2005 Takahashi, H. INPE Brazil October 14, 2005 Tsurutani, B. T. JPL U.S.A. October 20, 2005 Verkhoglyadova, O. UCR U.S.A. October 20, 2005 Kihn, E. A. NGDC U.S.A. November 10, 2005 Shizgal, B. University of British Columbia Canada November 18, 2005Aprile, E. Columbia University U.S.A. October 25, 2005 Takahashi, H. INPE Brazil December 2, 2005 Kutiev, I. S. Geophysical Institute Bulgaria December 13, 2005Maruyama, N. University of Colorado U.S.A. December 22, 2005Takahashi, H. INPE Brazil January 27, 2006 Frey, H. Space Sciences Laboratory, UCB U.S.A. February 10, 2006

[Abbreviations]

CASS: Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences CEA: Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique EISCAT: European Incoherent Scatter Radar ESTEC: European Space Research and Technology Centre IKFIA: Institut Kosmo Fizicheskih Issledovanii i Aeronomii INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais IPS: Ionospheric Prediction Service JPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory LAL: Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire d’Orsay LAPAN: Lembaga Panerbangan Dan Antariska Nasional NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCAR: National Center for Atmospheric Research NGDC: National Geophysical Data Center NIWA: NOAA: PPPL:

National Institute of Water and Atmosphere National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory

SCOSTEP: Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics SEC: Space Environment Center UCB: University of California, Berkeley UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles UCR: University of California, Riverside UCSD: University of California, San Diego

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7. Education

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory offers primarily graduate programs, but also provides opportunities for both undergraduate and postdoctoral experience. The members of the academic staff offer graduate and undergraduate courses.

Graduate Programs

The Laboratory has a graduate course program for Solar-Terrestrial Science, as part of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University. It also cooperates with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering, in teaching/training graduate students in related disciplines of Solar-Terrestrial Science. Graduates are enrolled in Doctoral (D) programs. Academic members are responsible for guiding the progress of the students’ thesis work. They also offer the teaching of core and topical courses.

The Number of Graduate Students Since 2001

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 M1 11 13 16 8 18 10M2 19 11 13 16 10 18D1 4 3 5 2 6 2D2 4 4 3 5 1 6

Graduate School of Science

D3 12 4 4 6 6 2 Total 50 36 41 37 41 38

M1 2 2 3 4 1 1M2 1 2 2 3 4 1D1 0 0 0 2 0 0D2 0 0 0 0 2 0

Graduate School of Engineering

D3 0 0 0 0 0 2 Total 3 4 5 9 7 4 Foreign Research Fellow 1 0 0 0 0 0Domestic Research Fellow 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 54 40 46 46 48 42

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Graduate School of Science Field/Topics Faculty Members Solar-Terrestrial Chemistry Y. Matsumi, Professor A. Mizuno, Professor K. Takahashi, Assistant Professor Solar-Terrestrial Relationships Y. Kamide, Professor R. Fujii, Professor T. Kikuchi, Professor K. Seki, Associate Professor S. Masuda, Associate Professor S. Nozawa, Associate Professor K. Shiokawa, Associate Professor Y. Ogawa, Assistant Professor A. Ieda, Assistant Professor Solar-Terrestrial Physics Y. Muraki, Professor M. Kojima, Professor Y. Itow, Professor Y. Matsubara, Associate Professor F. Abe, Associate Professor K. Masuda, Associate Professor M. Tokumaru, Associate Professor T. Sako, Assistant Professor K. Fujiki, Assistant Professor

Graduate School of Engineering Field/Topics Faculty Members Space Electromagnetic Environment T. Ogino, Professor (Space Information Technology) T. Nagahama, Associate Professor H. Maezawa, Assistant Professor Space Electromagnetic Environment T. Ogawa, Professor (Space Observations) N. Nishitani, Assistant Professor Y. Otsuka, Assistant Professor Y. Miyoshi, Assistant Professor

Specialized Courses In the 2005 academic year, the following specialized courses were offered to graduate students: Topic Lecturer Observations of Active Phenomena on the Solar Surface

H. Kurokawa; Professor, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

High Energy Astroparticle Physics K. Munakata; Professor, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University

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Undergraduate Education Based on demand, the faculty of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory offers numerous undergraduate courses in the School of Science, the School of Engineering, and in other departments and at other universities in the adjacent area. During the 2005 academic year, the following courses were offered: • Astrophysics and Space Science • Experimental Physics • Physics Experiments • Introduction to Physics • Experiments in Physics-Advanced course • Astrophysics and Space Physics • Solar-Terrestrial Science • Electromagnetic Waves • Electric Circuit Theory • Electromagnetism

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8. Research-Related Activities

Several facilities including a computer network are available to help facilitate research activity on the solar-terrestrial environment.

Computer / Network

The Toyokawa network was upgraded from 15 Mbps to 300 Mbps in May 2005. The high bandwidth enabled users to engage in high-speed data exchanges between Higashiyama and Toyokawa. The STE computer system was upgraded in December 2005. The new system consists of large RAID system, cluster computers, and Sun workstations. As STEL has recently moved from Toyokawa to Higashiyama, most of the computers were installed in Higashiyama. These computers and the network are being used for data analysis, generating databases, and communications. The new video teleconferencing system, which uses a TCP/IP internet connection, was introduced in 2004 and has been used for remote teleconferencing and lecturing between Toyokawa and Higashiyama. In an effort to upgrade the “Gigabit Network” program for 2000-2003, we joined the JGN2 project of the National Institute of Information and communications Technology (NICT) in cooperation with Kyoto University, Ehime University, Kyusyu University, and NICT. The JGN2 project is a five-year program (2004-2008). The research title of the project is “Common Usage of Geospace Environment Information Using High Speed Networks” and it is aimed at applying high speed networks to the geospace study.

The STEL computer system upgraded in 2005 and its network configuration.

ADSL/ISDN

Observatories (Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Fuji, and Kagoshima)

STEL headquarters Cosmic ray buildings

School of Science building B

Information Technology Center

300 Mbps

Toyokawa campus

Higashiyama campus

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9. Public Service

The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory provides the public with information using non-technical terms on the work being conducted in the Laboratory.

Open House

In addition to hosting small groups of visitors by appointment, the Laboratory invites the general public to the annual open house. The 14th Open House was held on June 4, 2005. Approximately 400 visitors enjoyed various exhibits and lectures presented by the staff and students of the Laboratory. Exhibits Division Exhibits Atmospheric Environment Exhibition Explaining the Environment of

Terrestrial Atmosphere Experiments on Air Properties (Introduction to

Greenhouse Effect and Sound Wave Propagation) Experiments on Radio Wave Propagation with

Cellular Phone Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment Airglow Imaging Using High-Sensitive Cameras Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by Radio

Signals from the GPS satellites Auroras Observed by Incoherent Scatter Radar Heliospheric Environment Large Antenna and Computer System for Solar

Wind Measurements Exhibition Explaining the Reflection and

Interferences of Radio Waves Experience to a Simple Electronic Circuits Integrated Studies Exhibition Explaining the Terrestrial Aurora Exhibition Explaining the Aurora of Other Planets Video Theater (Introduction to Auroras and

Space Weather) Geospace Research Center Comparative Planetology Computer Simulation of Planetary

Magnetospheres

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Left: Enjoyable experimentation for children. Right: Gold prize-winning work of children’s painting competition.

Lecture Lecturer Title Y. Matsubara High Energy Particles from the Sun N. Nishitani Space Weather Study Using HF Radars

The Open House of the Cosmic-Ray Group Laboratory was held on June 5, 2005 during the Nagoya University Festival 2005. The following lecture and exhibits were presented. Lecture: Search for Extra-Solar Planets in New Zealand Exhibits: Cosmic Ray Experiments Using a Spark Chamber and Cloud Chamber Cosmic Ray Telescope Radiocarbon System

Children’s Painting Competition on “Our Future in Space”

A children’s painting competition on “Our Future in Space” was conducted in collaboration with the Geospace Science Museum in Toyokawa and the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation in Tokyo. About fifty children in elementary school entered this contest and among them, six prizewinners (listed below) were selected. On June 4, 2005, the award ceremony was held at STEL. All the paintings were displayed at STEL on that day and at the Geospace Science Museum from June 7 to 19. Gold prize Syogo Suganuma Silver prize Kosuke Muto Mizuki Ukai Bronze prize Yuya Sakaguchi Yuta Nakamori Satoshi Kito

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Outreach Program In fiscal 2002, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) embarked on a program to support outreach activities at selected national universities. The purpose of this comprehensive program was to promote a healthy, two-way partnership between universities and local governments and communities. STEL’s proposal was accepted along with nine proposals from other departments at Nagoya University for fiscal years 2003 and 2004. This program was incorporated in 2005 into one of the president’s budget programs at Nagoya University. Under this new arrangement, STEL has continued to carry out public outreach programs in conjunction with Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture, and Rikubetsu Town, Hokkaido, where the STEL main laboratory* and one of its observatories are located, respectively. The purpose of STEL’s outreach activities is to “return” the results of our research to the local communities in accordance with their special needs. By convening scientific meetings, delivering lectures at local schools, and publishing educational booklets, we are providing opportunities for local residents of all ages to gain access to cutting-edge science. Lectures and Symposia: Children’s painting competition on “Our Future in Space”

(Toyokawa) “Super Science High Schools in Rikubetsu” (Rikubetsu)

Special lectures by Dr. G. Lu on “The Earth’s Upper Atmosphere” (Rikubetsu)

Event “Hokkaido Photo Convention 2005” (Sapporo) Booklets (in Japanese): “Fifty Questions on the Upper Atmosphere”

“Fifty Questions on the Polar Regions” “Fifty Questions on the Geomagnetic Field” “What is Global Warming?!” “What are Cosmic Rays?!”

Booklets (in English): “What is the Solar Wind?!” “What is the Ozone Hole?!”

The English versions were published jointly with CAWSES and SCOSTEP. *On March 1, 2006, the STEL main laboratory moved to the Higashiyama campus of Nagoya University.

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10. Geospace Research Center

“Geospace” refers to the solar-terrestrial environment beginning with the earth, and extending outward to encompass the earth’s atmosphere and the sun. Receiving energetic particles and electromagnetic emissions from the sun, geospace is dynamic. In the study of the geospace it is essential to treat the sun, the earth, and the space between them as a single entity. The Geospace Research Center was established in April, 2004 by combining the Center for Joint Observations and Data Processing and Observatories. The purpose of the Geospace Research Center is to coordinate and promote joint research projects on the dynamical processes in geospace, including energy flow and transformation of the solar-terrestrial system. The Center consists of a Management Section, a Research Projects Section, five Observatories, and two Stations.

The Center coordinates regular research projects and databases in the field of solar-terrestrial science. A system to construct STE databases has been continuously developed. We constantly evaluate and investigate the network database system to conform to the latest trends in flexible data access. (1) Development of the Database System The Portal System was created to allow access to laboratory information through a newly-installed server. The server employs PC-UNIX open-source technology. One feature of the system allows several users to edit a single page of data or text. This system has been used to make research data available as well as to permit easy access to network data systems. For example, our sun-earth connection database was recently successfully interconnected with the “STARS” database developed by Ehime University. (2) Database Production In FY 2005, the following “Database Production” collaborations were approved and carried out: ・Compiling a Database of CR Intensity Observed by the Muon Detectors Network (C. Kato) ・The Equatorial Magnetometer Network Database (K. Yumoto) ・Database of Plasmaspheric Plasma Density (M. Iizima) ・Database of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Observations (T. Watanabe) ・Development of a Software and Distributed Network Database for STP Data (T. Murata) ・Database on Solar Cycle and Long-Term Solar Variability (T. Sakurai) ・Data Archives of the Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (K. Shiokawa) ・Archives of the 210 Degree Geomagnetic Data (K. Shiokawa) ・EISCAT Database (S. Nozawa) ・Ionospheric Electric Field/Currents Modeling Database (A. Ieda) The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) database, part of the global HF radar network project, has been compiled at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory. This database is open to the Japanese SuperDARN community, consisting of scientists who have

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registered with the Japanese SuperDARN joint research program led by the National Institute of Polar Research. The data are distributed from the University of Saskatchewan in Canada in the form of a DVD-R (the data delivery is supported financially by the National Institute of Polar Research). Usage of the SuperDARN data is in accordance with the SuperDARN PI agreement. In addition, the Center has successively constructed the Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) Space Weather Database to promote the international CAWSES program for 2004－2008 with various cooperating institutions in Japan. (3) Symposia/Workshops The Center supported “The CAWSES Workshop” on September 12 and 13, 2005 at Nagoya University to promote the first international collaborative research project on CAWSES (2004－2008) which examines space weather and the space climate of the sun-earth system. On December 15 and 16, 2005, a joint workshop on Information Science in the Space and Earth Fields and the Construction of a Huge Database was held to discuss issues involving future computing and construction of database systems and software with the support of the Center. About 50 researchers from various fields of science attended the workshop. Construction and management of a vast database, data mining, visualization, animation, and virtual reality through networks were the primary issues discussed at the workshop. (4) Collaborative Research Collaborative research through the use of the supercomputer system at the Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, was also carried out. A total of 37 groups used the supercomputer for modeling/simulations of the solar-terrestrial environment and several of other scientific calculations. The supercomputer system was refurbished from a Fujitsu VPP5000 vector-parallel machine to a Fujitsu PRIMEPOWER HPC2500 scalar-parallel machine in March, 2005. We successively developed new simulation programs using the three-dimensional domain decomposition method and reported our results in the note, “Possibility of the Effective Utilization of the Scalar Parallel Supercomputer by the MHD Code.” in the Center News of the Information Technology Center.

Projects

The Geospace Research Center has carried out the following three special research projects (five-year plan) in cooperation with research groups in the laboratory and domestic and overseas co-researchers. Project 1: Study of Elementary Plasma Processes in CMEs In order to elucidate the global properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we addressed the following issues: (1) Survey of Density, Speed, and Magnetic Field Structures of CMEs Using Cosmic Ray Modulation and IPS The large-scale structure of the magnetic field associated with CMEs has been studied by Professor K. Munakata’s group at Shinshu University using international network observations

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of cosmic ray modulations. These observations are complementary to interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations, which provide information on the density and speed of CMEs. It is critical to combine IPS and cosmic ray modulation observations in order to complete a comprehensive survey of CME properties. Therefore, since 2004 we have conducted collaboration with Prof. Munakata’s group for improving the cosmic ray observation system. This year we installed a solar and wind power system for the muon detector at the Norikura Observatory and performed continuous observations (including the winter when electricity is unavailable). We also began construction of an online data display and analysis system for cosmic ray observations. (2) Development of a Highly Sensitive IPS Antenna Improvement of antenna sensitivity is crucial to achieving advanced spatial resolution of IPS observations. We began to construct a large-aperture antenna dedicated to IPS observations on the Toyokawa campus. (3) Survey of the Three-dimensional Structure of CMEs Using the SMEI and IPS Observations The three-dimensional distribution of CMEs has been reconstructed by Dr. B. V. Jackson (UCSD) from Thomson scattered sunlight imaging observations using the SMEI. We compared Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and IPS observations of the CME event, which occurred on October 28, 2003. A loop-shaped density structure was inferred from IPS observations, and the result was in good agreement with SMEI observations. Project 2: Initiatives in Geospace Research Using Coordinated Ground-Satellite Experiments (1) Installation of a New Optical Instrument in the Canadian Arctic In September 3, 2005, we installed an all-sky cooled CCD imager, a filter-tilting meridian-scanning proton aurora photometer, and an induction magnetometer at Athabasca, Canada (54.7°N, 246.7°E) and began automatic measurements of aurora and airglow at a sub-auroral latitude (62.5° magnetic latitude). Measurements at Resolute Bay (74.7°N, 265.1°E) have been conducted since January 2005. A new website (http://stdb2.stelab. nagoya-u.ac.jp/canada/index.htm) was created to allow access to quick-look plots of the data from these two stations. (2) Measurements of Polar-cap Patches at Resolute Bay Based upon highly-sensitive measurements at Resolute Bay in January－March 2005, a new code has been developed to estimate the two-dimensional motion of polar-cap plasma patches from the all-sky airglow images. We found a good correlation with a systematic time lag between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the patch’s velocity vector, indicating penetration of solar-wind electric field into the earth’s polar cap. (3) Conjugate Measurements Using the Japanese REIMEI Satellite Conjugate measurements of ionospheric ion upflow were conducted on October 26– November 22 and December 2－7, 2005 between the REIMEI satellite and the EISCAT radars. Initial analyses showed that the particle detector onboard the REIMEI satellite

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observed upward-accelerated and perpendicularly-heated ions at the time when the EISCAT radar observed upward ion flow. (4) Planning of a Small-Satellite Mission ERG Investigations into the configuration of the Energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) satellite were conducted at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries LTD. in collaboration with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Rikkyo University, and Tohoku University, particularly for the case with a spin axis perpendicular to the solar ecliptic plane. Several domestic meetings and presentations were held during the spring and fall SGEPSS conferences regarding the Project 2 ERG initiatives. (5) Construction of a New SuperDARN Radar in Hokkaido Construction of a new SuperDARN radar commenced in 2005 at the Rikubetsu Observatory in Hokkaido. Construction will be completed by October 2006. Project 3: Effect of Solar Activity on Global Environment (1) Solar Activity in the Past and Its Influence on the Earth’s Climate Variations in past solar activity can be studied by measuring concentrations of atmospheric radiocarbon, which is produced by galactic cosmic rays under the influence of solar activity. In order to study periodicities of past solar activity, we measured radiocarbon concentrations in tree rings with high accuracy from periods of normal solar activity in addition to samples from solar minima such as the Maunder Minimum and the Spoerer Minimum. The single-year samples were pretreated chemically to obtain cellulose, which was then converted to graphite to measure radiocarbon concentrations using an accelerator mass spectrometer. It was revealed that the periodicities of the solar activity were 10－11 years and 22 years during the normal periods between the Spoerer Minimum and the Maunder Minimum and in the 9－10th century. These periodicities are virtually identical to those of the present day. The data confirmed that solar activity has had periodicity of 11 years/22 years during normal periods of solar activity at least in the last millennium, and indicated that the cycle length could be even longer depending on which minimum was concerned, and that the polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field could be seen. (2) The Influence of Solar activity on Atmospheric Minor Constituents We are preparing observations of stratospheric water vapor, which causes ozone depletion, among the atmospheric minor constituents.

・We installed a millimeter radio wave spectrometer at Atacama Highland, Chile (altitude 4800 m) to study isotopic water vapor and conducted a test observation of stratospheric water vapor. We concentrated on the H2O spectrum in 183 GHz band, concluding that a cooled black body switching method was sufficient to measure water vapor, for which absorption in the troposphere is significant. In order to extract the vertical distributions of water vapor mixing ratio, retrieval analysis of the spectral data underscored the need to improve the accuracy for measurement of atmospheric optical depth used for intensity calibrations.

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・We are also developing radiometers for a millimeter 22 GHz radio wave with a room temperature receiver for use at sea level. This instrument will enable us to conduct observations complementary to those at the 183 GHz band, wherein the tropospheric water vapor absorption is large, in order to clarify global variations at the 22 GHz band of water vapor such as differences due to latitude and region.

・We re-analyzed the altitude distribution of ozone obtained by a millimeter spectrometer operated by NIES at the Rikubetsu Observatory and investigated short-term variations in ozone with periods of several days to several weeks. Short-term variations were apparently caused by various dynamical processes, depending on altitude.

・We analyzed Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer data obtained over the last 10 years from the Moshiri and the Rikubetsu Observatories and investigated total column amounts of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) in earth’s atmosphere and their time variations, resulting in the discovery of a large increase in the year 2000. These data are being entered into a database.

(3) The Effect of Solar Activity on the Global Environment We are attempting to clarify the interaction processes by using laboratory experiments for contribution to model calculations in order to reveal the effect of intensity variations in solar UV radiation, which is a remarkable expression of solar activity variation. In 2005, we developed a system to detect nitrogen atoms N(4S) with high sensitivity using a vacuum-ultraviolet laser system. In a laboratory experiment using this system, we refined the process of photo-dissociation of nitrous oxide N2O at a wavelength of 193 nm and determined the quantum yield of N(4S), which is produced in this process. In addition, we clarified the process of collision relaxation of rapid N(4S) atoms, which affects the production of nitrogen oxide (NO) in the lower thermosphere. We also clarified the quantum yield of chlorine atoms Cl(2PJ), which is produced by the photo-dissociation of CFC compounds (materials destructive to the ozone) in the stratosphere. These data help to clarify the chemical processes of ozone and nitrogen oxides, which occur in the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the lower thermosphere. In particular, we are investigating photo-dissociation processes in the wavelength region with large variations of solar radiation and they are important for elucidating the effect of variation in solar radiation on the earth’s atmosphere.

Observatories

The Geospace Research Center has carried out routine ground-based observations of various physical and chemical phenomena in the solar-terrestrial environment from its own observatories located at Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Fuji, Sakushima, and Kagoshima. These long-term observations are performed in conjunction with similar observations from stations located at Kiso and Sugadaira.

Moshiri Observatory The Moshiri Observatory is located in Hokkaido at a latitude of 44°N. Because of its advantageous location, the observatory plays a significant role in the study of the solar-terrestrial environment.

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Office building of the Moshiri Observatory in Hokkaido.

(1) Atmospheric Research Stratospheric ozone declined globally at a rate of a few percentage points per decade in the 1980s and 90s. In Japan the greatest ozone decrease has occurred over Hokkaido. The Moshiri Observatory is distant from large cities and relatively free from local pollution, and thus well-suited for the study of the tropospheric chemistry of relatively clean air. Stratospheric NO2 and ozone column amounts have been observed since March 1991 by a ground-based visible spectrometer. The observations have been made in cooperation with the National Institute of Water and Atmosphere (NIWA) of New Zealand and have been carried out as part of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) organized by NASA. Measurements of stratospheric species using a high resolution FT-IR spectrometer system and intensive ozonesonde observations were made in cooperation with the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES) for each winter since 1996. FT-IR measurements also provide useful information on some important tropospheric trace gases. Column amounts of CO, C2H6, and HCN have been measured using the FT-IR data. The column amounts of these species showed strong seasonal variations. This data is also useful in validating satellite observations. In-situ measurements of ozone, CO, and hydrocarbons have been performed in collaboration with Tokyo Metropolitan University and analyzed using the FT-IR data. (2) Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research 1) Electromagnetic Wave Observations

We perform routine observations of ELF/VLF emissions during the 50th－52nd minute of every hour at the Moshiri Observatory (L ~ 1.6). Dynamic spectrum analysis of the emissions indicated the presence of multiple whistlers and ELF/VLF emissions such as chorus, hiss, riser, and hook associated with a strong geomagnetic storm during November 7－13, 2004. At 0450－0452 UT on November 12 during the recovery phase of the storm, a mixture of these emissions and multiple occurrences thereof were identified in the frequency range of 2－5 kHz, indicating dynamic generation of wave-particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere.

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2) Low-latitude Aurora and Magnetic Field Observations

Using highly-sensitive optical instruments and magnetometers listed below, we have conducted routine measurements of low-latitude auroras and related magnetic field variations. For the low-latitude aurora observed at Rikubetsu on November 8, 2004, the magnetometer data at Moshiri were used to indicate magnetic field variations associated with the aurora. Twenty low-latitude aurora events observed at Rikubetsu and Moshiri during the high solar-activity period of 1999－2004 were recorded and reported in the Journal of Geophysical Research. ・Monochromatic all-sky camera with an image intensifier (manual operation) ・Panchromatic (visible-wavelength) northward-looking TV camera with an image intensifier (automated operation) ・Three-channel northward-looking photometer (automated operation) ・Fluxgate magnetometer (automated operation) ・Induction magnetometer (automated operation) Collaborative observations with other universities are performed on a routine basis using the following instruments: ・HF Doppler Receiver (in collaboration with Osaka City University) ・ELF Electromagnetic Wave Receiver (in collaboration with the University of Electro-

Communications)

Rikubetsu Observatory

The Rikubetsu Observatory is located in the eastern part of Hokkaido at a longitude and latitude of 143.8°E and 43.5°N, respectively. A large number of sunny days, light rainfall (688 mm annual average) and snowfall (145 mm annual average), and mild winds (1.6 m/s average) render the site ideal for observing the middle atmosphere and low-latitude auroras. From this observatory we study (1) atmospheric minor constituents related to stratospheric ozone depletion using radio, infrared, and optical instruments; (2) low-altitude auroral phenomena using high sensitivity all-sky cameras and photometers; and (3) the propagation of

The offices and observation room of the Rikubetsu Observatory are located within the Rikubetsu Space and Earth Science Museum in Hokkaido.

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atmospheric gravity waves based on analyses of oxygen atom and OH molecules airglow. After several years of preliminary observations, the Rikubetsu Observation Point was established in 1997 and is jointly operated by STEL and NIES. As of April 1, 2003, the Observation Point was upgraded, officially becoming the Rikubetsu Observatory. The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tohoku Institute of Technology, and Yokohama National University later joined in our observations. Employing infrared and optical spectroscopic analysis, this observatory plays an important role in the NDACC Network. (1) Study of the Relationship between Atmospheric Minor Constituents and the Stratospheric Ozone Synthetic monitoring of variations in the composition of the middle atmosphere in northern Japan was carried out using a visible spectrometer, a FT-IR spectrometer, and a millimeter-wave-band radiometer in collaboration with NIES. With the aid of the FT-IR spectrometer we performed highly accurate measurements of seasonal variations in ozone, HCl, and CO by measuring spectral absorption lines contained in the background radiation from the sun. In addition, we derived the total amount of ozone and NO2 from the intensity of scattering light observed by the visible spectrometer. The mixing ratio of ozone at each altitude can be also obtained by measuring the radiation spectrum of atmospheric ozone using a millimeter-wave band radiometer. In 2005, we re-analyzed the ozone data from November 1999 to December 2004 obtained by the millimeter-wave band radiometer. From a correlation analysis of short-term variations of ozon mixing ratio and dynamical parameters such as potential temperature and potential vorticity, we found that the time variations of ozone show good correlation with the potential temperature at an altitude of 22 km but with the potential vorticity at 26 km. The variation time scale is less than one month. This result suggests that the short-term variations of ozone are affected by events related to altitude. (2) Study of Mesospheric Gravity Waves by Observing Low-Latitude Auroras and Airglow Since October 1998 we have been observing low-latitude auroras and airglow using a highly sensitive all-sky camera and a scanning photometer. The observed data are available on our homepage (http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/omti/index.html). In 2005, solar activity was at a minimum, and no large magnetic storms occurred. We did not observe low latitude auroral phenomena that year. Our observations of low latitude auroras from Rikubetsu and Moshiri from 1999 to 2004 were summarized in a paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research. We also obtained preliminary results of our analysis of seasonal variations in mesospheric temperatures based on spectral temperature photometer observations biginning in 2004. Fuji Observatory and Sugadaira and Kiso Stations Solar wind observations are being carried out using interplanetary scintillation monitors. The solar wind observation system consists of four stations: Toyokawa, Fuji, Sugadaira, and Kiso. The Fuji Observatory is the key station of the four-station system. It is located at the foot of Mt. Fuji at an altitude of 1015 m. It was established in 1978 for solar wind

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observations. Each station has an asymmetric cylindrical parabolic antenna operating at 327 MHz. The antenna consists of parabolic frames with stainless steel wires stretching through the frames to form a 2000 m2 parabolic reflector. Each station is fully automated and remotely controlled from Toyokawa through a public telephone line. Observations are carried out on a routine basis throughout the year except during the winter season. Operations of the Toyokawa antenna were terminated in December 2005, and the construction of a new antenna will be begun at Toyokawa in FY 2006. The new antenna is a transit type cylindrical parabola operated at a frequency of 327 MHz with a physical aperture of 106 m NS and 38 m EW.

Sakushima Observatory The Sakushima Observatory is located on Sakushima Island in Mikawa Bay in Aichi Prefecture. At this observatory, aerosol concentrations, ions, electrical fields, conductivity, and humidity have been observed for 20 years. These are the basic parameters of atmospheric electricity and meteorology. Long-term as well as short-term variations in these parameters have been studied in relation to solar and human activity.

Kagoshima Observatory The Kagoshima Observatory is located in the southern region of Kyushu Island, near Sakurajima volcano. Routine observations for the study of the earth’s electromagnetic, ionospheric, and upper atmospheric environment are being carried out using the following instruments in collaboration with other universities. (As of March 2006) • All-Sky CCD Imager, Airglow Temperature Photometer • Fluxgate and Induction Magnetometers • ELF/VLF Atmospherics Receiver (in collaboration with Chiba University)

Left: A new antenna which will be constructed at Toyokawa. Right: The Sakushima Observatory where basic parameters relating to atmospheric electricity and meteorology are being measured.

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• 40 kHz Standard Radio Signal Receiver (in collaboration with Chiba University) • TV Camera to Monitor Volcanic Activity From an accurate analysis of the frequency-dispersion characteristics of tweek atmospherics simultaneously observed at the Moshiri and Kagoshima Observatories, equivalent electron densities at reflection heights in the D-region ionosphere in East Asia and the equatorial regions can be estimated. Variations in the reflection heights under quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions are being examined in collaboration with Chiba University. Observations of the geomagnetic field have been carried out since 1989 as one of the key stations along the Japanese meridian. Summary plots of one-minute averaged data can be found at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/mm210/. Observations of the nighttime upper atmosphere airglow using an all-sky imager with a wide field-of-view began in July 2000 at Sata, about 70 km south of the Kagoshima Observatory. Using the imager, we succeeded for the first time in detecting giant “equatorial plasma bubbles” in the fall of 2001. A number of bubble events were discovered in 2002. However, the number of events decreased significantly in 2005, mainly because of low solar activity. The all-sky imager also observed medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in August 2002. The wave structures of the MSTIDs were very similar to those of the MSTIDs simultaneously discovered by an all-sky imager at Darwin, Australia. A large number of geomagnetically conjugate MSTID events were also detected at Shigaraki and Renner Springs in Australia from May 26 to June 7, 2003. These observations give an important clue to the generation mechanism of MSTIDs. An airglow photometer measuring the rotational temperature in the mesopause region has also been operated at Sata since December 2003. A network telephone line is used for near real-time monitoring of the optical measurements at Sata. The optical data are available at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/omti/.

The central office of the Kagoshima Observatory, near Sakurajima volcano, in Kagoshima.

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11. Facilities

Library

The laboratory library provides substantial coverage of space physics and geophysics as well as basic physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The present collection contains about 12,000 books, supplemented by data reports and preprints. The Library has subscriptions to 157 journals from around the world. Books Journals Japanese Foreign Japanese Foreign

2,648 9,549 26 131

Properties

Site (m2) Building (m2) Location Higashiyama Campus

(Main campus of Nagoya University) ─ 3,335 Nagoya

Toyokawa Campus 187,817 7,737 Toyokawa Moshiri Observatory 113,640 378 Hokkaido Rikubetsu Observatory ─ 130.6 Hokkaido Sugadaira Station 3,300 33 Nagano Kiso Station 6,240 66 Nagano Fuji Observatory 20,162 174 Yamanashi Sakushima Observatory 985 244 Aichi Kagoshima Observatory 12,996 292 Kagoshima Total 345,140 12,389.6