2 objectives discuss how a computer uses binary codes to represent data in electronic form ...
TRANSCRIPT
COMPUTER HARDWAREINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
WEEK 5 AND 6
2
Objectives Discuss how a computer uses
binary codes to represent data in electronic form
Discuss how a computer uses binary codes to represent data in electronic form
Describe each of the major system unit components
Describe each of the major system unit components
Describe the different types of memory
Describe the different types of memory
Discuss expansion slots and boards Discuss expansion slots and boards
Discuss the four standard ports Discuss the four standard ports
Define input and output Define input and output
Describe input and output devices Describe input and output devices
Distinguish between primary and secondary storage
Distinguish between primary and secondary storage
How does a computer work? How does a computer work?
Why are some computers more powerful than others?
Why are some computers more powerful than others?
How do you get information out? How do you get information out?
How do you recall information? How do you recall information?
Essential Question(s)
Class …..
Take out your notes and be prepared to write down all the questions and answers presented in this Power Point
Notes are worth 50 points and will be delivered over several days.
4
How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
A programmable, usually electronic device, that can store, retrieve and process data
Some of the first computers were mechanical, then electro mechanical
SOME OF THE FIRST COMPUTERS
MY FIRST COMPUTERS
Referred in kilobytes now in speed
7
The Components of a Computer What is an input device?
Hardware used to enter dataand instructions
8
The Components of a Computer What is an output device? Hardware that
conveys information to a user
9
The Components of a Computer What is the system unit?
Box-like casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata
10
What is the magic inside the black box?
CPU
Memory card
Sound Card
Video Card
Storage Units
Power
Supply
Whole Thing
Is the M
other Board
What is it?Power supply
An opening on a system board or mother board.
What is….
Expansion slot
What is this?Expansion card
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The Components of a ComputerWhat are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)○Also called a processor○Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Memory○Temporary holding place for data and instructions
The part of the computer that holds data and program instructions for processing the data.
What is….
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU stand for?What does….
Central Processing Unit
The communications media for the entire system including the CPU.
What is….
motherboard
Contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information.
What is….
memory
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The Components of a Computer What is storage?
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
20
The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? Provides much
greater storage capacity than a CD Drive
Housed inside the system unit
Enclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic discs.
21
The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM CD-RW
Capacity: 673~768 MB
DVD-ROM DVD+RW
Capacity:4.7 ~ 17.1 GB
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The Components of a ComputerWhat is miniature storage media?
Digitalcameras
Digitalcameras
Handheldcomputerscell phones
Handheldcomputerscell phones
Portable, thin memory cards used in:
Portable, thin memory cards used in:
Identify & list from least capacity to most capacity.
A tiny circuit board etched onto silicon.
What is….
chip
Computer Memory
RAM or ROM? RAM or ROM?
1. Forgets everything when the computer is turned off.
2. Unable to change.
RAM ROM
Provides space for programs in use.
What is….
RAM
Provides instructions for starting the computer.
What is….
ROM
How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on the monitor.
What is….
Refresh rate
Data sent to the computer.
What is….
input
Input OR Output?
1. Keyboard
2. Monitor
3. Printer
4. Camera
5. Scanner
6. Tablet
7. Speaker
8. Touch Pad
1. IN
2. OUT
3. OUT
4. IN
5. IN
6. IN
7. OUT
8. IN
Accessing information from storage.
What is….
reading
A measurement in pixels or a monitor’s clarity.
What is….
resolution
The amount of data that can be stored.
What is….
capacity
Holds data and program instructions for processing data.
What is….
Primary storage
Storage that loses data when the computer turns off.
What is….
volatile
Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data and can be retained after the computer is turned off.
What is….
Secondary storage
Which one has the most uses?
USB
The chip that contains the CPU.(The brains of the system)
What is….
microprocessor
The measure of a computer’s processing power.(How fast it can execute code)
What is….
Clock speed
Where frequently accessed information is held.
What is….
cache
The numbering system in which all numbers consist of only two numbers: 1 and 0
What is….
Binary system
A single binary digit.
What is….
bit
A group of EIGHT binary digits.
What is….
byte
Any size group of binary digits.
Most common starts at 8 bits
16, 32, 64
What is….
word
How many bytes can it process?
A 64 bit word computer
8 bytes
What is shown here?
Bus lines
How Binary
Travels
Binary TO Decimal
BINARY DECIMAL
10011001 01110000 00010001 00001110 01010001
153 112 17 14 81
? ? ? ? ?
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
How many bytes? KB?
MB?
GB?
TB?
Approx 1,000 (1,024 or 2^10)
Approx 1 million(1,048,576 or 2^20)
Approx 1 billion(1,073,741,824 or 2^30)
Approx 1 trillion(1,099,511,627,776 or 2^40)
Decimal TO Binary
DECIMAL BINARY
128 12 2 234 178
10000000 00001100 00000010 11101010 10110010
010000010110001101100101
0100100101010100
Ace IT
Using the ASCII to Binary table to decode the following:
Char BinaryA 01000001B 01000010C 01000011D 01000100E 01000101F 01000110G 01000111H 01001000I 01001001J 01001010K 01001011L 01001100M 01001101N 01001110O 01001111P 01010000Q 01010001R 01010010S 01010011T 01010100U 01010101V 01010110W 01010111X 01011000Y 01011001Z 01011010
Char Binarya 01100001b 01100010c 01100011d 01100100e 01100101f 01100110g 01100111h 01101000I 01101001j 01101010k 01101011l 01101100m 01101101n 01101110o 01101111p 01110000q 01110001r 01110010s 01110011t 01110100u 01110101v 01110110w 01110111x 01111000y 01111001z 01111010