2-native am culture 2013 update.pptx

7/29/2019 2-native am culture 2013 update.pptx

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Native American Culture

American History 1

Chapter 1


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Ancient Migrations

First Americans

13,000+ years

Evidence & theories

Folsom discovery

Multiple migrationsDispersed across continent

See maps next slide & p. 38, 39,68


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Agriculture

Domesticate Plants

Plant, nurture, harvest

Types depended upon climate &

environment

Maize/CornSquash

Beans


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FoodNC tribes

Meats Vegetables

Seafood fruitsDeer Corn Fish Pears

Squirrel &

rabbits

Peas Crabs Nuts

Bear beans oysters Grapes

Turkey Squash Turtles Berries

Geese Pumpkins cherry

Opossum

Racoons

Greens


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Map: North American Culture

Areas, c. 1500


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Map 151 Pre-Aztec Mesoamerican sites discussed in thischapter

North American Culture Areas,

Mesoamerica c. 1500 p. 6


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Mexica: Mesoamerica

Mexico, Central

America, CaribbeanIslands

Political

development

chiefdoms

Large central

populations

Olmecs

Mayas Teotihuacan

Aztecs

Tenochtitlan

Spanish invasion

South America

Incas


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Olmec Heads

Olmec Colossal Head This stone headis one of 16 that have been attributed tothe Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica

(1500-300 BC). These monolithic works,ranging in height from 2.4-3.6 m (8-12ft), are carved out of basalt and weighabout ten tons. Anthropologists are notsure if these are the heads of gods orrulers, but they all have similar featuresand wear circular helmets.

Tom Owen Edmunds/Bridgeman ArtLibrary, London/New York

"Olmec Colossal Head."MicrosoftEncarta Encyclopedia 2001. 1993-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights

reserved.


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Ancient America

Oral history (no written language)

Paleo-Indians p. 5

Archaic People 11,000 BP (bce)

1500 ad

Cultural developments for survival

No domesticated animals

Hunting

Bison hunters on the plains Great Basin great environmental diversity

Forests- Woodlands (east of Mississippi)

Desert (Southwest - Shoshone, Ute)


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Types of Native

Artifacts

Baskets

Moccasins

Blankets

Clothing

pots

Bows

Arrows

Knives

Quiver

MasksWeaving


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Native American Culture

Ancient Cultures-

Mound Builders &

AnasaziCultural Language

GroupsSouthwest

Eastern WoodlandsNon-farming

Plains tribes


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Anasazi/ Puebloans p. 7

Western US -four corners

Large villages

Agriculture

Kiva - religious

areasPueblos &

Navajos


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Cliff Palace, at Mesa Verde National Park in southwest Colorado, was created 900 years ago

when the Anasazis left the mesa tops and moved into more secure and inaccessible cliff

dwellings. Facing southwest, the building gained heat from the rays of the low afternoon sun

in winter, and overhanging rock protected the structure from rain, snow, and the hot midday

summer sun. The numerous round kivas, each eavered with a flat roof originally, suggest that

Cliff Palace may have had a ceremonial importance.CORBIS,NY


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ah1_p009 White House Ruins - Canyon De Chelly, AZ

White House Ruins. Canyon De Chelly, AZ (Photodisc, Inc.)


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Mound Builders- Cahokia p. 7

Ohio & Mississippi valleys

Adena & Hopewell

mounds in shapesof animals

art, tools, no

written language

advanced metal work

disappeared


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Painting of aerial view of Cahokia Mounds. AJ text p. 15


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Notes from AE #1-

Cahokia

Peaked around

1,000 ad

In Illinois on

Miss. River

Est. population of

20,000+

Raised corn

Specialized labor force

Organized government

Public works projects

Large trade network

Left mounds

No written language

Astrological calendar


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The City of Cahokia, with a population of more than 30,000, was the center of a farming

society that arose on the Mississippi bottomlands near present-day St. Louis in the tenth

century CE. The Cahokians built dozens of vast earthen mound covering six square miles,

evidence of their complex social organization.SOURCE:Painting by Michael Hampshire.Community Life at Cahokia .Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site.


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Mounds


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The Great Serpent Mound in southern Ohio, the shape of an uncoiling snake more than

1,300 feet long, is the largest effigy earthwork in the world. Monumental public works like

these suggest the high degree of social organization of the Mississippian people. P. 13SOURCE:Photo by George Gerster.Comstock Images.


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Cultural Language

Groups

Algonquin-Wakashan

(northeast & coast)

Iroquoian (Great Lakes)

Muskhogean &

Mississippian culture

(southeast)

Sioux - Siouan (plains)


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Algonquin CultureAtlantic & Northeast

first encounter on east coast with

Europeans

basic hunters and agriculture-

grew beans, pumpkins, maize, tobacco,

harvested squash, sugar/syrup, rice, popcorn

women maintaining farms

lived in villages, homes were wigwams, insulated in winter

wore moccasins, leggings, robe, women wore skirts and

and jackets


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Algonquin- Wakashan

over 100 independent

tribes, often fighting

among each other New England (Northeast)

Penobscot, Massachuset, Pequot,

Wampanoag (King Philip) Mohegan,

Mahican

Atlantic Coast (Northeast-

mid Atlantic)

Delaware, Powhatan -

Pocahantas

Central Area (Old

Northwest-Prairies)

Shawnee (Tecumseh)Illionis, Miami, Chippewa,

Ojibway, Ottawa (Pontiac)

Plains

Cree, Blackfoot, Arapaho,Cheyenne

Northwest Coast

Spokan California


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Iroquoians p. 7

Tuscarora and

Cherokee

Huron, Erie,

Susquehanna

Pawnee, Wichita

Five Nations:- 1451 Seneca, Onodaga, Oneida,

Mohawk, CayugaHiawatha org. 5 nations

aggressive

men warriors

women farmers

large villages

log homes


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Southern Indian Groups on the Eve of Colonization


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Southeastern

Tribes

MuskehogeanFamily - Mississippidelta area & Florida

Choctaw, Yamsees,Chickasaw, Creek,-

Alabama &

Seminole- FloridaNatchez - Miss.

strict cast system,

no inter-marriage

strong agriculture

expert potters &

weavers

formed a SouthernCreek Confederacy

temples for sun

wooden homes


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Plains p. 7

Sioux

Lived in mid-western plains:

Mandan & Pawnee

Farmed some corn &sunflowers

Dakota, Crow, Comanche,

Cheyenne - buffalo

Iowa, Missouri, Omaha,Kansas

Saponi, Catawba,

Manahoac- in the Carolinas

Most powerful of

western tribes

buffalo huntersmigratory

lived in teepees


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Plains Indians


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Southwest

Southwestern Indian Groups on the Eve of Colonization


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West Coast & Southwest tribes

4 corners region

Navaho,

PuebloYuma & Pima

Kiowa,

Apache,Chiricahua

California P. 18

Chinook,

Nez Perce (Chief

Joseph),

Wallawalla,Modoc

totem pole

makers


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Human figures dance on this characteristic piece of red-on-buff pottery of the Hohokams

(dated about 1000 CE). The Hohokams, located on the floodplain of the Gila River near

present-day Phoenix, Arizona, were the first irrigation farmers of North America. The Pima

and Tohono OOdham people of Arizona may be descended from them.SOURCE:Arizona State Museum,University of Arizona.Photo by Helga Teiwes.


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Native North American Trade Networks, ca. 1400 CE By determining the origin of artifacts found

at ancient sites, historians have devised a conjectural map of Indian trade networks. Among large

regional centers and smaller local ones, trade connected Indian peoples of many different

communities and regions.see AP text p. 18


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Comparison 1400s

Native AmericansStrong adaption to

environment

Various religious beliefsNo wheeled vehicles

No large domesticated

animals

Large mounds

Vast agriculture, limited

material culture

Used fire to clear land which

shaped landscape

Europeans Large cities, modified

environment

Catholic/Christian

Wagons, carts, machines

Oxen, horses,

Large cathedrals

Limited agriculture, multiplecraft guilds


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James Frasers The End of the

Trail (1915), a monumental

sculpture created for the Panama-

Pacific International Exposition in

San Francisco. The subject of

immediate and sustained popular

acclaim, it was widely reproduced

in postcard, print, and miniature

form. Generally interpreted as the

symbol of a noble people, tomany Native Americans it was

part of an enduring and vicious

stereo-type of the vanishing

Indian.National Cowboy Museum and Western Heritage Museum,Oklahoma City,OK


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Suggested Reading

Red, White & Black: the Peoplesof Early North Americaby Gary

Nash

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