2 intro to electronics
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
1/16
Introduction toElectronics
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
2/16
What is Electricity
A fan contains a small battery,a couple of wires, a switch and
an electric motor.
If you turn the switch on, the
motor will start to spin
Battery is both a waterreservoir and a pump, the
switch is a tap, and the motor
is one of those wheels that you
see in watermills.
When you open the tap, waterflows from the pump and
pushes the wheel into motion.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
3/16
The hydraulic system
Increasing the size of the pipes
allows a greater flow of water
to go through them, effectively
reduced the pipes' resistance
to the flow of water. This approach works up to a
certain point, at which the
wheel won't spin any faster,
because the pressure of the
water is not strong enough. When we reach this point, we
need the pump to be stronger.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
4/16
The hydraulic system
This method of speeding up
the watermill can go on untilthe point when the wheel falls
apart because the water flow is
too strong for it and it is
destroyed.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
5/16
Voltage, Current & Resistance
So when you read that a battery's voltage is 9 V, think of this voltage
like the water pressure that can potentially be produced by this little
"pump".
The flow rate of water relates to current, and is measured in
amperes. Finally, the resistance opposing the flow of current over any path
that it travels is called resistance, and is measured in ohms.
Relationship: A higher voltage (pressure) lets you spin a wheel
faster; a higher flow rate (current) lets you spin a larger wheel.
Ohms Law, V = IR
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
6/16
Basic Breadboarding
Solderless Breadboards are
the best way to prototype an
electronics project.
Reusable, does not require
any soldering, and is simple touse.
Components fit perfectly into
the breadboard, using simple
jumper wires to create your
circuits. Allows improvements,
additions and rework.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
7/16
Breadboards have small holes
for jumper wires and
components to be plugged
into.
Warning!
Solderless breadboards can be very
flakey, especially as they age. If you'rehaving problems with your circuit, it
could be that the little metal clips on the
inside aren't working well. Try poking it
with your finger, or moving it to a
different section.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
8/16
Rows a to e are shorted
horizontally (Green Line)
Rows f to j are shorted (Blue
Line) horizontrally The two rows (labeled a j) is
divided by the centerline and
are areas for your workspace.
IC chips and microcontrollers
fit across the centerline withjumper wires and components
can connect to the same rows.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
9/16
Notice the two outside rails on
each side of the breadbroad
labelled + and respectively
These rails run down the board
and can act as power rails toconnect your power source to
and supply voltage to your
components.
These are useful as Arduino
only has one 5V voltage pointand 3 ground points.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
10/16
Wires/Jumpers
To use the breadboard,
you'll need jumper wires.
These are basically 22
gauge solid-core (not
stranded) wires that are
cut down and have the
insulation pulled off.
Special jumper
connectors are supplied.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
11/16
Schematic
A wiring diagram is also known
as a schematic which is the
standard method for people to
trade information about
circuits. Being able to read and write
schematics is a key skill.
Each electronic component
has a schematic symbol, which
is a simplified drawing of thepart.
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
12/16
Components: LED
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
What it Does: Emits light
when a small current is passed
through it.
Leads: 2 (one longer, this oneconnects to positive)
Things to watch out for: Will
only work in one direction
Looks like a mini light bulb. -
Requires a current limitingresistor
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
13/16
Resistors
What it Does: Restricts
the amount of current
that can flow through a
circuit.
Leads: 2 Things to watch out
for: Easy to grab the
wrong value
Cylinder with wires
extending from eitherend. The value is
displayed using a color
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
14/16
Lighting Our Breadboard
A breadboard, LED and
330ohms resistor.
Run one wire to the 5V socket
on the Arduino and another
wire to one of the GNDsockets.
Plug in the USB cable and
watch the LED lights up
Important Note!While LEDs will not work when placed backwards, you don't have to worry about
whether it will be damaged: as long as there is a series resistor of at least 100
ohms next to it, the LED will survive the experience!
However, using an LED without a series resistor is a sure-fire way to kill it! (You'll
see a bright flash and it may turn dark)
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
15/16
Construct Circuit 1
-
7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics
16/16
Construct Circuit 2