StatisticsStatisticsLife expectation at birth:77.8 yearsLife expectation at birth:77.8 yearsLife expectancy at age 65: 18.7 yearsLife expectancy at age 65: 18.7 yearsLife expectancy at 85:6.8 yearsLife expectancy at 85:6.8 yearsAbout of all deaths occur at age 85About of all deaths occur at age 85!ardiac deaths: "#$!ardiac deaths: "#$!ancer:%%$!ancer:%%$!erebro&ascular disease: 7.'$!erebro&ascular disease: 7.'$(iology of Aging(iology of AgingAging is a loss of ho)eostasis or a Aging is a loss of ho)eostasis or a brea*do+n in )aintenance of specific brea*do+n in )aintenance of specific )olecular structures and path+ays)olecular structures and path+ays,r. (a*er,r. (a*er,r. (a*er is a 77 year old diabetic +ith ,r. (a*er is a 77 year old diabetic +ith proble)s adhering tohis therapy.-eproble)s adhering tohis therapy.-ehas de&eloped se&ere pain and nu)bness has de&eloped se&ere pain and nu)bness in his feet andhas fallen a nu)ber of in his feet andhas fallen a nu)ber of ti)es because he has lost sensation of his ti)es because he has lost sensation of his feet stepping on irregular surfaces. .he feet stepping on irregular surfaces. .he last ti)e he fell/ he fractured his hip. last ti)e he fell/ he fractured his hip. 0hysiologic !hanges0hysiologic !hanges1er&ous:1er&ous:2ecreased nu)ber of neurons2ecreased nu)ber of neurons2ecreased action potential speed2ecreased action potential speed2ecreasedaxon3dendrite branches2ecreasedaxon3dendrite branches2ecreased )uscle inner&ation2ecreased )uscle inner&ation2ecreased fine )otor control2ecreased fine )otor control,rs. !han,rs. !han,rs. !han spent a lot of ti)e as a child ,rs. !han spent a lot of ti)e as a child helping out on her father4s far)/ and got a helping out on her father4s far)/ and got a lot of sun exposure.lot of sun exposure.5ecently she had noticed a 6)ole7 on her 5ecently she had noticed a 6)ole7 on her ar). 8t see)s to be gro+ing and changing ar). 8t see)s to be gro+ing and changing color. color. A friend has told her to see you about A friend has told her to see you about re)o&ing it. re)o&ing it. ,alignant )elano)a,alignant )elano)a0hysiologic !hanges of Aging0hysiologic !hanges of AgingS*in:S*in:2ecreased thic*ness2ecreased thic*ness8ncreased collagen crosslin*s8ncreased collagen crosslin*sLoss of elasticityLoss of elasticity2ecreased )elanocytes2ecreased )elanocytesLinear nail gro+th slo+sLinear nail gro+th slo+s1ails beco)e brittle/ dull/opa9ue/yello+ish1ails beco)e brittle/ dull/opa9ue/yello+ish,rs. :race,rs. :race,rs. :race +as a beautiful/ thin )odel in the ,rs. :race +as a beautiful/ thin )odel in the 1;6#4s. She has retained her +eight e&en after 1;6#4s. She has retained her +eight e&en after t+o children/ but recently fell and fractured her t+o children/ but recently fell and fractured her +rist. 8t has healed.+rist. 8t has healed.A)ong her other co)plaints no+ are stiffness A)ong her other co)plaints no+ are stiffness +hen she gets up in the )orning/ decreased +hen she gets up in the )orning/ decreased ability to do the delicate art +or* she used to ability to do the delicate art +or* she used to do on the pottery she )ade as a hobby/ and do on the pottery she )ade as a hobby/ and e&en trouble turning the pages of a boo*.e&en trouble turning the pages of a boo*.S*eletal !hanges of AgingS*eletal !hanges of Aging2ecreased bone density2ecreased bone densityStiffer/ less flexible