2. families of carbon compounds. functional groups. (approx. lecture time: 1 hr) topics covered:...
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2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups. (approx. lecture time: 1 hr)
Topics covered: 2.1-2.14.
This will be a quick survey and review of functional groups and their physical properties
Estradiol
alcohol
Phenol
Functional Groups
Recognizing Functional Groups
This compound reverses and prevents symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Huntingdon’s diseases in animal models (Chem Eng News, 2011)
OCH3
OCH3
SN
O
O
N
S
H
O2N
N
"JM6"
Recognizing Functional Groups
Naming Alkyl Fragments
CH3CHCH3 CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3CHCH2
CH3
isopropyl sec-butyl isobutyl
CH3CCH3
CH3
tert-butyl
use of primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o) designations
Amines and Amides
Aldehydes and Ketones
Simple Organic Compounds used in Medicine or Otherwise
Dichloroacetic acid (DCA): potentially useful for cancer treatment, especially brain cancers (trials ongoing).
Chloral Hydrate: hypnotic, sedative; used for insomnia.
Valproic Acid: established drug for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, depression.
Amantadine: Parkinson’s disease; fatigue in MS patients; once used for influenza.
Isoamyl Nitrite: vasodilator; treatment of angina; recreational drug.
Nitroglycerin: vasodilator; treatment of angina; explosive used in Dynamite.
Barbital: first marketed barbiturate (hypnotic; sedative).
CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol: oldest recreational drug; at low doses causes euphoria.
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): treatment of narcolepsy; has now gained illicit use; similar to alcohol in effect.
H2C=CH2Ethylene:Plant hormone; controls ripening of fruits.
Cl
OHCl
OH
Cl
Cl
OHCl
O
ONO2O2NO
ONO2
HN NH
O O
O
HOOH
O
HO
O
NH2
ON O