2 - factors influencing climate (summary)
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Factors Influencing Climate Factors Influencing Climate SummarySummary
Latitude.Latitude. Pressure systems and wind.Pressure systems and wind. Ocean currentsOcean currents Distance from the sea (continentality)Distance from the sea (continentality) Altitude.Altitude.
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LatitudeLatitude
What is latitude and What is latitude and how does it effect how does it effect climate?climate?
Tropical climate zone.Tropical climate zone. Temperate climate Temperate climate
zone.zone. Polar climate zone.Polar climate zone.
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Pressure Systems and WindPressure Systems and Wind
Where is the tropical rainforest and where are the deserts?
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Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents
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Continentality – Distance from the Coast
How does distance from the coast affect temperature?
The oceans and the land warm up and cool down at different speeds. Basically the oceans take longer to warm up and longer to cool down.
Compare the climate graphs of; Brest in France, Bratislava in Slovakia, Volgograd in Russia.
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Brest
BratislavaVolgograd
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°C
7.4 8.8 12.
1 14.
6 15.
9 15.
8 14.
0 11.
5 8.8 7.4 6.0 6.2 °C
DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan
0.9 4.8 10.
4 15.
8 19.
6 20.
3 18.
4 15.
0 10.
4 4.6 0.4
-1.3
Dec
Nov
OctSepAugJulJunMay
AprMar
Feb
Jan
Bratislava
Brest
-4.9-0.2 7.5 15.
4 22.
4 23.
8 21.
5 16.
5 8.5 -2.9 -8.3 -8.2 °C
DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan
Volgograd
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AltitudeAltitudeHow does altitude effect climate
and thus vegetation?
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Climate and VegetationClimate and Vegetation
Ecuador Case StudyEcuador Case Study
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Ecuador – What would we Ecuador – What would we expect the climate and expect the climate and vegetation to be like?vegetation to be like?
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Ecuador – on the equator right
underneath the inter-tropical convergence
zone
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This was taken in Ecuador
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AltitudeAltitude Altitude is the height above sea levelAltitude is the height above sea level As altitude increases – for example as we As altitude increases – for example as we
go up a mountain – air pressure go up a mountain – air pressure decreasesdecreases
As a result of these changes temperature As a result of these changes temperature also decreases – 2-3 degrees C every also decreases – 2-3 degrees C every 300m300m
Altitude and mountains also affect Altitude and mountains also affect precipitation (why?) and wind (how?)precipitation (why?) and wind (how?)
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A
B
B
A
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Vegetation ChangesVegetation Changes
A
B
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Cotopaxi mountain (5987m), permanent snow and high altitude
alpine tundra (4000-5000m)
Andean mountain cloud forest (Mindo area 1600 – 2200m
Highland scrub (Paramo, 3200-4000m)
Inter-Andean agricultural land (Machachi area 2300-3200m)
Lowland tropical rainforest e.g. Santo Domingo are or upper Amazon Basin – Rio
Napo - (0-1500m)
Esmeraldes, coastal tropical mangroves
Climate and Vegetation of Ecuador – Andes cross section
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Cotopaxi (5987m)
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ResearchResearch You need one example of a plant and one You need one example of a plant and one
animal from the desert climate and the same animal from the desert climate and the same for the tropical rainforest. for the tropical rainforest.
For each you must describe and explain the For each you must describe and explain the main features of the plant/animal and how main features of the plant/animal and how these are adapted to the climatic conditions.these are adapted to the climatic conditions.
Also, for each climate zone research an Also, for each climate zone research an indigenous people and explain how they are indigenous people and explain how they are adapted to the climatic conditions.adapted to the climatic conditions.