2 ecosystems

7/28/2019 2 Ecosystems

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Ecosystems:

Living Things Interact


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SCOS ObjectivesScience Objectives:

Competency Goal 1: The learner will build an understanding of theinterdependence between plants and animals.

1.01 Assess a variety of ecosystems (communities of organisms and theirinteraction with the environment)

1.02 Determine the function of organisms within the population of theecosystem (producers, consumers, decomposers)

1.03 Evaluate the variety of organisms an ecosystem can support

1.04 Relate the role of light, temperatures, and soil makeup to anecosystems capacity to support life

1.05 Evaluate the major source of energy for ecosystems (sun) and how it ispassed from organisms through the food webs

1.06 Assess the interaction of organisms within an ecosystem

Technology Objectives:1.12 Recognize and explain the advantages and disadvantages of usingmultimedia to develop content area projects/products

1.14 Demonstrate knowledge of Copyright and Fair Use Guidelines byexplaining selection and use of resources in content projects/assignments

2.11 Use menus and branching to modify/ create non-linear

projects/products in content areas


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Essential Question: How do

living things interact?


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Ecosystems include

the organisms that live in a particular area

and their physical surroundings

organisms interacting with each other by

sharing and competing for resources

organisms interacting with their physical

environment

Bottom Line: Ecosystems can be found

wherever organisms are living and

interacting!


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Relationships

Physical Environment all the non-living things

in an area, such as weather, landforms, air, and

water

Individual a single organism in anenvironment (ex. one rabbit in a field)

Population individuals of the same kind in the

same environment (ex. all the rabbits in a field) Community all the populations of organisms

living together in an environment (ex. everything

that lives in the field)


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Pop Quiz

What are the two parts of an ecosystem?

A community

and

its physical environment


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Habitats and Niches

Habitat from the Latin verbmeaning to dwell. An organismshabitat is where it lives in anecosystem.

Niche a certain role that eachpopulation has in its environment.(Ex. Both eagles and owls feed onmice, but owls hunt at night while

eagles hunt during the day.) In a healthy ecosystem,

populations are interdependentthey depend on each other for

survival!


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Limiting Factors

The environment

determines the type of

ecosystem that will

develop in an area.Factors include:

Soil conditions

Temperature Rainfall

Plant Life

Amount of Food


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Review

1. A single organism in an environment is called an _______.2. In a healthy ecosystem, each population contributes to the

______ of the other populations.

3. The amount of food is a ________ that affects population

density.4. A ______ is a place where a population lives in an

ecosystem.

5. A population has a role, or _______ in its environment.

6. The sizes of animal populations are determined by the kindsand numbers of __________ in an ecosystem.

niche individual plants habitat

limiting factor survival


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How Energy Is Transferred in

an Ecosystem

The sun provides theenergy for almostevery ecosystem onEarth. Producers usethe sunlight to makefood they need fromcarbon dioxide andwater (ex. plants).

Consumers all theanimals in acommunity (ex. all theanimals that are

eating)


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Food Chains

Food chains show how the consumers in an ecosystem areconnected to one another according to what they eat.

Starts at the bottom with the producers (usually plants).

The next level consists ofherbivores animals that eat onlyplants.

They are eaten by the next level of animals on the food chain the carnivores (meat eaters).

The chain continues with more levels of carnivores that eat oneanother.

It all ends with decomposers (such as mushrooms and

bacteria) that break down the tissues of dead organisms.Whatever is left over returns to the soil and helps start the cycleover again by giving nutrients to the producers!


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Example of a Food Chain in a

Prairie Ecosystem

Grasses and

wildflowers =producers Grasshoppers eatthe producers = first

level consumers

Snakes eat

grasshoppers =

second level

consumers

Hawks eat snakes =

third level consumers

Mushrooms

decompose

the dead hawkAnything left over

returns to soil andthe cycle continues.


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How do organisms compete and

survive in an ecosystem?

Use of

Resources

Competition Cooperation

Sharing Symbiosis

Click here to learn more

about Competition Click here to learn moreabout Cooperation


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Competition

Because organisms might havelimited resources, there mightbe competition, or a contest ,among organisms for theseresources.

Organisms may compete for food,water, sunlight, or shelter

If an organism competessuccessfully for resources, it ismore likely to survive andreproduce!

This is why there arePREDATORS and PREY!


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Predators vs. Prey

PREDATORS are the animals doing the hunting

While PREY are the animals being hunted


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Cooperation

In many ecosystems, organisms livetogether and share resources. A greatexample of this is the African plain.Giraffes eat from the highest branchesof a tree, antelopes eat from the

middle branches, and rhinos eat fromthe lower branches.

A long-term relationship betweenorganisms is called symbiosis. Eitherone or both organisms benefit fromthis arrangement. A good example ofthis is the clown fish that lives in a seaanemone. The clown fish gets a safeplace to live while attracting food forthe sea anemone.


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Assessment Time

Develop 5 multiplechoice questions

from the material

presented in this

PowerPoint

presentation.


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References

Harcourt Science Fifth Grade Textbook,

2000

Microsoft Clips

2 ecosystems

Documents