2. cim fundamentals
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
1/36
1
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
2/36
2
Overview
Definitions and Origin
Key challenges
Subsystems in computerintegratedmanufacturing
CIMOS!
Development of CIM
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
3/36
"
Definition
Computer-integrated manufacturing #CIM$ is themanufacturing approach of using computers tocontrol the entire production process
%his integration allows individual processes toe&change info with each other and initiate actions
%hrough the computers integration' manufacturingcan be faster and less errorprone' although the main
advantage is the ability to create automatedmanufacturing processes
%ypically CIMrelies on closedloop control processes'based on realtime input from sensors
It is also (nown asflexible design and manufacturing
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
4/36
)
Definition
CIMencompasses the entire range of product development
and manufacturing activities with all the functions being
carried out with the help of dedicated S* pac(ages%he data re+uired for various functions are passed from one
application S* to another in a seamless manner,or e&le' the product data is created during design%his data has to be transferred from the modeling S* to
manufacturing S* without any loss of data
CIMuse a common D- wherever feasible and communtech tointegrate design' manufacturing and associated business
CIMreduces the human component of manufacturing and
thereby relieves the process of its slow' e&pensive and error
prone component
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
5/36
.
Manufacturing Systems Integration Program
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
6/36
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
7/36
3
Origin
CIMalso encompasses the whole lot of enablingtechnologies including total +uality management'business process reengineering' concurrent engineering'wor(flow automation' enterprise resource planning and
fle&ible manufacturing! distinct feature of manufacturing today is mass
customization
%his implies that though the products are manufactured
in large +uantities' products must incorporate customerspecific changes to satisfy the diverse re+uirements of thecustomers
%his re+uires e&tremely high fle&ibility in the
manufacturing system
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
8/36
4
Challenges in Manufacturing
Challenges in Manufacturing
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
9/36
5
Three Distinguished Components
!s a method of manufacturing' three components
distinguish CIMfrom other manufacturing
methodologies6
Means for data storage' retrieval' manipulationand presentation
Mechanisms for sensing state and modifying
processes!lgorithms for uniting the data processing
component with the sensor7modification
component
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
10/36
18
Definition
CIMis an e&le of the implementation of info andcommon technologies in manufacturing
CIM implies that there are at least two computerse&changing info' eg the controller of an arm robot and a
microcontroller of a Computer 9umerical Control#C9C$machine
Some factors involved when considering a CIMimplementation are the production volume' the
e&perience of the company or personnel to ma(e theintegration' the level of the integration into the productitself and the integration of the production processes
CIMis most useful where a high level of IC%is used inthe company or facility' such as C!D7C!Msystems
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
11/36
11
Definition
Manufacturing engineers are re+uired to achievethe following ob:ectives to be competitive in aglobal conte&t
;eduction in inventory =roduction changes=rocess > ?+uipment change
Change of personnel
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
12/36
12
-enefit from CIM
Integrationof technologies brings following benefits61 Creation of a truly interactive system that enables
manufacturing functions to communicate easily withother relevant functional units
2 !ccurate data transferability among manufacturingplant or subcontracting facilities at implant ordiverse locations
" ,aster responses to datachanges for manufacturing
fle&ibility) Increased fle&ibility towards introduction of new
products. Improved accuracy and +uality in the manufacturing
process #continued
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
13/36
1"
-enefit from CIM
/ Improved +uality of the products
3 Control of dataflow among various units and
maintenance of userlibrary for systemwide
data4 ;eduction of lead times which generates a
competitive advantage
5 Streamlined manufacturing flow from orderto delivery
18 ?asier training and retraining facilities
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
14/36
1)
?volution of Computer Integrated
ManufacturingCIM is considered a natural evolution of the technology of
C!D7C!M which by itself evolved by the integration of C!Dand C!M
Massachusetts Institute of %echnology #MI%' @S!$ is credited
with pioneering the development in both C!D and C!M%he need to meet the design and manufacturing re+uirementsof aerospace industries after the Second *orld *arnecessitated the development these technologies
%he manufacturing technology available during late )8As and
early .8As could not meet the design and manufacturingchallenges arising out of the need to develop sophisticatedaircraft and satellite launch vehicles
%his prompted the @S !ir ,orce to approach MI% to developsuitable control systems' drives and programming techni+ues
for machine tools using electronic control
1.
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
15/36
1.
Digital Manufacturing
%he idea of 0digital manufacturing0 wasprominent the 1548s' when computerintegratedmanufacturingwas developed and promoted by
machine tool manufacturers and the Computerand !utomated Systems !ssociation and Societyof Manufacturing ?ngineers#C!S!7SM?$
0CIMis the integration of total manufacturing
enterprise by using integrated systems and datacommunication coupled with new managerialphilosophies that improve organiational andpersonnel efficiency0
1/
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
16/36
1/
Key challenges three ma!or challenges
Integration of components from different suppliers6when different machines' such as C9C' conveyors androbots' are using different communications protocols
Data integrity6 %he higher the degree of automation'
the more critical is the integrity of the data used tocontrol the machine*hile the CIM system saves on labor of operating
the machines' it re+uires e&tra human labor inensuring that there are proper safeguards for the
control data signals=rocess control6 Computers may be used to assist thehuman operators of manufacturing facility' but theremust always be a competent engineer to handlecircumstances which could not be foreseen by S*
designers
13
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
17/36
13
CIM > production control system
14
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
18/36
14
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturing
CIM ma(es full use of the capabilities of the digitalcomputer to improve manufacturing %wo of them are6
i Bariable and =rogrammable automation
ii ;eal time optimiation! computerintegrated manufacturing system is not the
same as a 0lightsout0 factory'which would run completely independent of human
intervention' although it is a big step in that direction
=art of the system involves fle&ible manufacturing' wherethe factory can be +uic(ly modified to produce differentproducts' or where the volume of products can bechanged +uic(ly with the aid of computers
Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in a
CIMoperation see next slide
15
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
19/36
15
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturing
Computeraided techni+ues6
C!D #computeraided design$
C!? #computeraided engineering$
C!M #computeraided manufacturing$C!== #computeraided process planning$
C! #computeraided +uality assurance$
==C #production planning and control$
?;= #enterprise resource planning$
! business system integrated by a commondatabase
28
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
20/36
28
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturing
Computer-aided design "C#Dalso known ascomputeraided design and drafting(C!DD)is theuse of computer technology for the process of designand designdocumentation
C#Ddescribes the process of drafting with acomputer providing the user with inputtools for thepurpose of streamlining design processesE drafting'documentation
C#Doutput is often in the form of electronic files forprint or machining operationsC#Dbased S* is in direct correlation with the
processesE industrybased S* typically uses vectorbased#linear$ environments whereas graphicbased
S* utilies rasterbased one
21
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
21/36
21
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturingComputeraided engineering #C!?$ is the broad usage of
computer software to aid in engineering tas(s
It includes computeraided design #C!D$' computeraidedanalysis #C!!$' computerintegrated manufacturing #CIM$'
computeraided manufacturing #C!M$' material re+uirementsplanning #M;=$' and computeraided planning #C!=$
Computeraided process planning #C!==$ is the use ofcomputer technology to aid in the process planning of a partor product' in manufacturing
C!== is the lin( between C!D and C!M in that it providesfor the planning of the process to be used in producing adesigned part
22
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
22/36
22
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturingComputer-aided manufacturing "C#M is the use of computer
S* to control machine tools and related machinery in themanufacturing of wor( pieces
C!M may also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all
operations of a manufacturing plant' including planning'management' transportation and storage
=rimary purpose is to create a faster production process andcomponents and tooling with more precise dimensions andmaterial consistency' which in some cases' uses only the
re+uired amount of raw material while simultaneouslyreducing energy consumption
Computer-aided $uality assurance "C#% is the engineeringapplication of computers and computer controlled machines
for the definition and inspection of the +uality of products
2"
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
23/36
2"
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturingPro!ect management soft&are is covering many types of S*
including estimation and planning' scheduling' cost controland budget management' resource allocation' collaborationS*' communication' +uality management and documentation
which are used to deal with the complexity of large pro!ects'nterprise resource planning "'(P$ integrates internal and
e&ternal management info across an entire organiation'embracing finance7accounting' manufacturing' sales andservice' customer relationship management
It automate this activity with an integrated S* application Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of info between all business
functions inside the boundaries of the organiation andmanage the connections to outside sta(eholders
2)
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
24/36
2)
CIM )ard&are and Soft&are
CIM software comprises computer programms tocarry out the following functions6Management Information SystemSales > Mar(eting > ,inanceDatabase ManagementModeling and Design!nalysisSimulation
CommunicationsMonitoring=roduction ControlManufacturing !rea Control
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
25/36
2/
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
26/36
2/
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturing
Ma:or ?lements of a CIM System
23
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
27/36
23
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturing
Barious !ctivities in CIM
24
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
28/36
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturingDevices and e+uipment re+uired6C9C' Computer numerical controlled machine
toolsD9C' Direct numerical control machine tools=
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
29/36
Subsystems in computerintegrated
manufacturing
%echnologies6,MS' #fle&ible manufacturing system$!S;S' automated storage and retrieval
system!GB' automated guided vehicle;obotics!utomated conveyance systems
Others6
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
30/36
CIMOS!
CIM*S#Computer Integrated ManufacturingOpen System !rchitecture is the enterprise modelingframewor(' which aims to support the enterpriseintegration of machines' computers and people
Its framewor( is based on the system life cycleconcept' and offers a modeling language'methodology and supporting technology to supportthese goalsis a 1558s ?uropean proposal for an open system
architecture for CIM developed by the !MIC?Consortium as a series of ?S=;I% pro:ects
%he goal of CIMOS! was 0to help companies tomanage change and integrate their facilities andoperations to face world wide competition
"1
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
31/36
CIMOS!
CIM*S# provides a solution for business integrationwith four types of products6%he CIMOS! ?nterprise Modeling ,ramewor(
providing a reference architecture for enterprise
architectureCIMOS! IIS'a standard for physical and application
integrationCIMOS! Systems
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
32/36
CIMOS! !rchitecture
%he main focus of CIMOS! has been to
construct6
a framewor( for enterprise modelling' a
reference architecture
an enterprise modeling language
an integrating infrastructure for model
enactment supported by
a common terminology
""
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
33/36
CIMOS! !rchitecture
CIMOS! aims at integrating enterprise operations bymeans of efficient information e&change within theenterprise
CIMOS! models enterprises using four perspectives6
thefunction vie&describes the functional structurere+uired to satisfy the ob:ectives of an enterprise andrelated control structuresE
the information vie&describes the informationre+uired by each functionE
the resource vie&describes the resources and theirrelations to functional and control structuresE and
the organization vie&describes the responsibilitiesassigned to individuals for functional and control
structures
")
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
34/36
Development of CIM
CIM is an integration process leading to the
integration of the manufacturing enterprise
Dictated by the needs of the individual
enterprise this process usually starts with the
need to interchange information between the
some of the so called islands of automation
".
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
35/36
Development of CIM
,le&ible manufacturing cells' automatic storageand retrieval systems' C!D7C!M based designetc are the e&les of islands of automation iea sort of computer based automation achieved
completely in a limited sphere of activity of anenterprise%his involves data e&change among computers'
9C machines' robots' gantry systems etc
%herefore the integration process has startedbottom up%he interconnection of physical systems was the
first re+uirement to be recognied and fulfilled
"/
-
8/9/2019 2. CIM Fundamentals
36/36
Development of CIM