2-antenna receive diversity(gbss14.0_02)

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GSM BSS

GBSS14.0

2-Antenna Receive Diversity Feature

Parameter Description

Issue 02

Date 2012-08-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.


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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written

consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice

The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the

customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the

purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations

of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang

Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Issue 02 (2012-08-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

i
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Contents

1 Introduction to This Document..................................................................................................1

1.1 Scope..................................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Intended Audience..............................................................................................................................................1

1.3 Change History...................................................................................................................................................1

2 Overview.........................................................................................................................................4

3 Technical Description...................................................................................................................5

3.1 Technical Principle.............................................................................................................................................5

3.2 Diversity Combining Algorithms.......................................................................................................................6

3.2.1 MRC..........................................................................................................................................................6

3.2.2 ICC.............................................................................................................................................................6

3.2.3 EICC..........................................................................................................................................................6

3.2.4 ADC...........................................................................................................................................................6

4 Related Features.............................................................................................................................8

5 Impact on the Network.................................................................................................................9

5.1 2-Antenna Receive Diversity..............................................................................................................................9

5.1.1 Impact on System Capacity.......................................................................................................................9

5.1.2 Impact on Network Performance...............................................................................................................9

5.2 MRC...................................................................................................................................................................9

5.2.1 Impact on System Capacity.......................................................................................................................9

5.2.2 Impact on Network Performance...............................................................................................................9

5.3 ICC......................................................................................................................................................................9

5.3.1 Impact on System Capacity.....................................................................................................................10

5.3.2 Impact on Network Performance.............................................................................................................10

5.4 EICC.................................................................................................................................................................10



5.5 ADC..................................................................................................................................................................10



6 Engineering Guidelines.............................................................................................................11

6.1 When to Use 2-Antenna Receive Diversity......................................................................................................11

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6.1.1 2-Antenna Receive Diversity...................................................................................................................11

6.1.2 MRC Algorithm.......................................................................................................................................11

6.1.3 ICC Algorithm.........................................................................................................................................11

6.1.4 EICC Algorithm......................................................................................................................................11

6.1.5 ADC Algorithm.......................................................................................................................................11

6.2 Information to Be Collected.............................................................................................................................12

6.3 Network Planning.............................................................................................................................................12

6.4 Feature Deployment.........................................................................................................................................12

6.4.1 2-Antenna Receive Diversity...................................................................................................................13

6.4.2 Deploying MRC......................................................................................................................................13

6.4.3 Deploying ICC.........................................................................................................................................13

6.4.4 Deploying EICC......................................................................................................................................13

6.5 Performance Optimization................................................................................................................................13

7 Parameters.....................................................................................................................................14

8 Counters........................................................................................................................................26

9 Glossary.........................................................................................................................................27

10 Reference Documents...............................................................................................................28

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1 Introduction to This Document

1.1 Scope

This document describes the working principle of 2-antenna receive diversity and the diversity

combining algorithms, including the following features:

l GBFD-115821 EICC

l MRFD-210604 2-Antenna Receive Diversity

1.2 Intended Audience

It is assumed that users of this document are familiar with GSM basics and have a working

knowledge of GSM telecommunication.

This document is intended for:

l Personnel working on Huawei GSM products or systems

l System operators who need a general understanding of this feature

1.3 Change History

The change history provides information on the changes between different document versions.

There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:

l Feature change

Feature change refers to the change in the 2-Antenna receive diversity feature of a specific

product version.

l Editorial change

Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was

not described in the earlier version.

Document Issues

The document issues are as follows:

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l 02 (2012-08-30)

l 01 (2012-04-28)

l Draft A (2012-02-15)

02 (2012-08-30)

This is the second release of GBSS14.0.

Compared with issue 01 (2012-04-28) of GBSS14.0, issue 02 (2012-08-30) of GBSS14.0

incorporates the changes described in the following table.

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Feature change None None

Editorial change Modified the following

chapters:

l Chapter5.1 2-Antenna

Receive Diversity

l Chapter6.1 When to Use

2-Antenna Receive

Diversity

l Chapter6.4 Feature

Deployment

The following parameters are

added:

l SndRcvMode

l SndRcvMode1

l SndRcvMode2

l SndRcvMode3

l SndRcvMode4

01 (2012-04-28)

This is the first release of GBSS14.0.

Compared with issue Draft A (2012-02-15) of GBSS14.0, issue 01 (2012-04-28) of GBSS14.0

incorporates the changes described in the following table.

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Feature change Added the following

chapters:Chapter "5.5 ADC"

None

Editorial change Added the following

chapters:

l Chapter "4 Related

Features"

l Chapter "5 Impact on the

Network"

l Chapter "6 Engineering

Guidelines"

None

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Draft A (2012-02-15)

This is the draft release of GBSS14.0.

Compared with issue 01 (2011-03-31) of GBSS13.0, issue Draft A (2012-02-15) of GBSS14.0

has no change.

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2 OverviewIn a wireless communications system, the radio signal from the transmitter arrives at the receiver

through two or more paths. This phenomenon is called multipath propagation. With multipath

propagation, the amplitude, phase, and angle of the received signal change. This phenomenon

is called multipath fading. As a result, the quality of the received signal deteriorates. Diversity

is one of the techniques used to handle multipath fading in the communications system. It

increases the signal-to-noise ratio by superimposing uncorrelated signals.

The diversity technique in GSM involves time diversity, frequency diversity, and space diversity.

In the case of space diversity, multiple antennas are used at the receiver to receive uncorrelated

signals of the same source (superimposition of uncorrelated signals). In engineering

implementation, generally two antennas (or two polarization ends of the same polarization

antenna) are used to receive signals. The signals received from the two antennas can be combined

in different ways to obtain desired signals, for example, Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC),

Interference Cancellation Combining (ICC), and Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining(EICC).

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3 Technical Description

3.1 Technical Principle

The 2-antenna receive diversity technique combines the signals received from the two diverse

antennas at the receiving end to mitigate multipath interference. Figure 3-1 shows the working

principle of 2-antenna receive diversity.

Figure 3-1 Working principle of 2-antenna receive diversity

As shown in Figure 3-1:

1. The signal x(k) arrives at the diverse antennas through two RX channels. The two RX

signals are identified as r1(k) and r2(k). After the superimposition of interference and noise,

the two RX signals are identified as S1(k) and S2(k).

2. Based on the maximum signal-to-noise ratio criterion, the adaptive combining coefficients

W1 and W2 are calculated and the output signal is obtained through the formula: y(k) =

W1 x S1(k) + W2 x S2(k).

The combining algorithms consist of the MRC, ICC, and EICC. In Figure 3-1 the two RX

channels correspond to the main and diversity RX channels of the TRX.

To enabled this feature, set the transmit and receive mode of a board to dual-receive.

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NOTE

The parameters related to the transmit and receive mode vary depending on the board type. These

parameters includeSndRcvMode, SndRcvMode1, SndRcvMode2, SndRcvMode3, and SndRcvMode4.

3.2 Diversity Combining Algorithms

3.2.1 MRC

MRC performs weighted combining on the two signals received by the BTS based on their

respective signal-to-noise ratios. This combining method is ideal for situations with little

interference and limited noise. It is applicable to wide coverage, such as over sea coverage.

To enable the MRC algorithm of 2-antenna receive diversity, set ICTYPtoMRC(MRC).

3.2.2 ICCICC is a multi-antenna combining technique developed from MRC. In tight frequency reuse

scenarios the interfering signals received at diverse antennas may come from the same interfering

source. Therefore, a certain correlation exists among these interfering signals. ICC uses this

correlation when combining the signals of the two antennas to eliminate certain interference.

The use of ICC can improve the speech quality and data throughput in situations with strong

interference, for example, the network where tight frequency reuse is in place. ICC can suppress

the interference within the GSM system and from other systems if correlation exists between

the interfering signals received on diverse antennas.

To enable the ICC algorithm of 2-antenna receive diversity, set ICTYPto ICC(ICC).

A resource item license is required for enabling this algorithm.

3.2.3 EICC

The GBFD-115821 EICC feature is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals

received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time

correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation

to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to

suppress and eliminate interference. EICC is used in high traffic network where tight frequency

reuse is in place and in situations where the noise of a single interfering source is limited. The

EICC performs better than ICC.

SetSTIRCALLOWED to YES(Yes) to select the EICC algorithm of 2-antenna receive diversity.

This feature can be enabled only after you apply for a resource item license.

3.2.4 ADC

The adaptive diversity combining (ADC) algorithm checks whether an ongoing call is in the

interference-limited or noise-limited scenario.

l In the interference-limited scenario, the BTS uses EICC.

l In the noise-limited scenario, the BTS uses MRC.

The ADC algorithm achieves favorable network performance in noise-limited and interference-limited scenarios.

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To enable the ADC algorithm, set ADAICFLAGto ON(On). In addition, you can set

ADAICADFLAGto ON(On) to improve the detection accuracy in adaptive scenarios.

l IfSTIRCALLOWED is set to YES(Yes), the ADC algorithm adaptively selects either

EICC or MRC.

l IfSTIRCALLOWED is set to NO(No), the ADC algorithm adaptively selects either ICC

or MRC.

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4 Related FeaturesFeature PrerequisiteFeature MutuallyExclusive Feature Affected Feature

2-Antenna Receive

Diversity

None None None

MRC MRFD-210604 2-

Antenna Receive

Diversity

None None

ICC MRFD-210604 2-

Antenna Receive

Diversity or

GBFD-115903 4-Way Receiver

Diversity

None None

EICC MRFD-210604 2-

Antenna Receive

Diversity

Automatic

Frequency

Correction (AFC)

NOTE

This feature is

disabled

automatically after

AFC is enabled.

None

ADC MRFD-210604 2-

Antenna Receive

Diversity

None None

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5 Impact on the Network

5.1 2-Antenna Receive Diversity

5.1.1 Impact on System Capacity

This feature improves the BTS uplink receive quality. Its algorithms are classified into MRC,

ICC, EICC, and ADC.

For CS services, after uplink power control is enabled for MSs, this feature decreases the entire

network interference and increases the traffic volume.

For PS services, this feature increases the uplink throughput.

5.1.2 Impact on Network Performance

This feature improves the BTS uplink receive quality.

5.2 MRC


This algorithm improves the uplink receive quality.

For CS services, after uplink power control is enabled for MSs, this algorithm decreases the

entire network interference and increases the traffic volume.

For PS services, this algorithm increases the uplink throughput.


This algorithm improves the uplink receive quality.

5.3 ICC

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Compared with the MRC algorithm, the ICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference

capability and improves the uplink receive quality.





Compared with the MRC algorithm, the ICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference


5.4 EICC


Compared with the ICC algorithm, the EICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference






Compared with the ICC algorithm, the EICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference


5.5 ADC


This algorithm can adaptively select an appropriate combining algorithm based on interferencescenarios on the live network. Compared with the fixed combining algorithm, this algorithm

further improves the network anti-interference capability and uplink receive quality.





This algorithm can adaptively select an appropriate combining algorithm based on interference

scenarios on the live network. Therefore, this algorithm enhances the network anti-interferencecapability and improves the uplink receive quality.

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6 Engineering Guidelines

6.1 When to Use 2-Antenna Receive Diversity

6.1.1 2-Antenna Receive Diversity

Use this feature for outdoor BTSs.

6.1.2 MRC Algorithm

Use the MRC algorithm in the following conditions:

l The live network is in noise-limited scenarios, for example, railway coverage or rural area

coverage.

l The licenses for the ICC and EICC algorithms have not been obtained.

6.1.3 ICC Algorithm

Use the ICC algorithm in the following conditions:

l The live network is in interference-limited scenarios, for example, urban area coverage and

tight frequency reuse scenarios with strong interference.

l The license for the EICC algorithm has not been obtained.

6.1.4 EICC Algorithm

You are advised to use the EICC algorithm in interference-limited scenarios, such as city

coverage and tight frequency reuse scenarios with strong interference.

6.1.5 ADC Algorithm

Use the ADC algorithm in the following conditions:

l It is uncertain whether the live network is in the noise-limited or interference-limited

scenario.

l Interference scenario changes take place.

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6.2 Information to Be Collected

Before deploying this feature, collect the following information:

l Whether the cell is configured in 2-antenna receive mode

l Frequency planning data

l Cell coverage range

l Traffic volume on the network

l Whether there is interference in the radio environment

The MRC algorithm improves the network performance at the coverage edge when:

l The cell is configured in 2-antenna receive mode.

l The network frequencies are loosely set.

l The cell coverage is relatively large.

The ICC and EICC algorithms improve the network anti-interference capability when:


l The network frequencies are tightly set.

l The network interference is strong and traffic is heavy.

The ADC algorithm improves the uplink performance when:


l The network environment is uncertain or varies with time.

These four algorithms are not applicable to cells in one-antenna receive mode.

6.3 Network Planning

RF Planning

N/A

Network Topology

N/A

Hardware Planning

The two RX channels of the TRXs must be connected to two antennas, or connected to a dual-

polarized antenna.

6.4 Feature Deployment

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6.4.1 2-Antenna Receive Diversity

For details about how to activate, verify, and deactivate this algorithm, see Configuring 2-

Antenna Receive Diversity.

6.4.2 Deploying MRC

Activation Procedure

Run the BSC6900 MML command SET GCELLSOFT with ICTYPset to MRC(MRC).

Verification Procedure

Run the BSC6900 MML command LST GCELLSOFT to query the value ofICTYP.

Expected result: IfICTYPis set to MRC(MRC), the MRC function has been enabled.

Deactivation Procedure

Run the BSC6900 MML command SET GCELLSOFT with ICTYPset to ICC(ICC).

6.4.3 Deploying ICC

For details about how to activate, verify, and deactivate this algorithm, see Configuring ICC.

6.4.4 Deploying EICCFor details about how to activate, verify, and deactivate this algorithm, see Configuring

EICC.

6.5 Performance Optimization

Monitoring

Observe network counters. For CS services, observe Uplink Quality (UL RxQual). If the counter

deteriorates or remains unchanged after the 2-antenna receive diversity feature has been enabled,

adjust the combining algorithms.

Parameter Optimization

The ICC algorithm achieves favorable network performance in most scenarios. For scenarios

without interference, the MRC algorithm is recommended. For scenarios with tight frequency

reuse, heavy traffic, and strong interference, the EICC algorithm is recommended.

If it is uncertain about the network interference scenarios, or interference scenario changes take

place, use the ADC algorithm.

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7 ParametersTable 7-1 Parameter description

Parameter ID NE MMLCommand

Feature ID Feature Name Description

ADAICADFL

AG

BSC6900 SET

GCELLSOFT

GBFD-115801 ICC Meaning:Wheth

er to enable the

adaptive

interference

cancellation

enhancement

function. If this

parameter is set

to ON, theadaptive

interference

cancellation

enhancement

function is

enabled. If this

parameter is set

to OFF, the

adaptive

interference

cancellation

enhancementfunction is not

enabled. It is

recommended

that this

parameter be set

to ON when

adaptive

interference

cancellation is

used.

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GUI Value

Range:OFF

(Off), ON(On)

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:OFF, ON

Default

Value:OFF(Off)

ADAICFLAG BSC6900 SET

GCELLSOFT

GBFD-115801 ICC Meaning:Wheth

er to adaptively

select the

interference

cancellation

mode. If this

parameter is set

to ON, the BSC

adaptively

selects the

interference

cancellation

mode. If this

parameter is set

to OFF, the BSC

always selectsthe fixed

interference

cancellation

mode.

GUI Value

Range:OFF

(Off), ON(On)

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:OFF, ON

DefaultValue:OFF(Off)

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ICTYP BSC6900 SET

GCELLSOFT

GBFD-115801 ICC Meaning:Inter-

ference

cancellation

mode. When

tight frequency

reuse is used, it

is recommended

that this

parameter be set

to ICC. When

noises are

restricted, it is

recommended

that thisparameter be set

to MRC.

GUI Value

Range:MRC

(MRC), ICC

(ICC)

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:MRC,

ICC

DefaultValue:MRC

(MRC)

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SndRcvMode BSC6900 SET

BTSRXUBP

GBFD-111202 O&M of BTS Meaning:The

connection

mode between

the DRRU and

the antenna.

GUI Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA

(Single Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA

(Single Feeder

[1TX + 2RX]),DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA(Double

Feeder[2TX +

2RX]),

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 4RX]),

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A(Double

Feeder[1TX +

2RX])

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA,

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA,DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA,

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA,

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

,

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A

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Default

Value:DOUBL

E_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 2RX])

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SndRcvMode1 BSC6900 SET

BTSRXUBP


connection

mode between

the DRFU and

the antenna.

GUI Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA

(Single Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA

(Single Feeder

[1TX + 2RX]),DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA(Double

Feeder[2TX +

2RX]),

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 4RX]),

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A(Double

Feeder[1TX +

2RX])

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA,

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA,DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA,

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA,

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

,

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A

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Default

Value:DOUBL

E_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 2RX])

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BTSRXUBP


connection

mode between

the MRRU/

GRRU and the

antenna.

GUI Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA

(Single Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA

(Single Feeder[1TX + 2RX]),

DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA(Double

Feeder[2TX +

2RX]),

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 4RX]),

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder[1TX + 1RX]),

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A(Double

Feeder[1TX +

2RX]),

FOURDOUBL

E_ANTENNA

(Four Feeder

[2TX + 2RX]),

FOURDOUBL

EFOUR_ANTE

NNA(Four

Feeder[2TX +

4RX])

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA,

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA,

DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA,

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DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA,

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

,

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A,

FOURDOUBL

E_ANTENNA,

FOURDOUBL

EFOUR_ANTE

NNA

DefaultValue:DOUBL

E_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 2RX])

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BTSRXUBP


connection

mode between

the MRFU/

GRFU and the

antenna.

GUI Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA

(Single Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),

SGLDOUBLE_

ANTENNA

(Single Feeder[1TX + 2RX]),

DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA(Double

Feeder[2TX +

2RX]),

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 4RX]),

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder[1TX + 1RX]),

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A(Double

Feeder[1TX +

2RX])

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA,

SGLDOUBLE_ANTENNA,

DOUBLE_ANT

ENNA,

DOUBLEFOU

R_ANTENNA,

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

,

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A

GSM BSS




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Default

Value:DOUBL

E_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[2TX + 2RX])


BTSRXUBP


connection

mode between

the BTS3900E

and the antenna.

GUI Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA(Single Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

(Double Feeder

[1TX + 1RX]),

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A(Double

Feeder[1TX +

2RX])

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:SGL_A

NTENNA,

DOUBLESING

LE_ANTENNA

,

DOUBLEDOU

BLE_ANTENN

A

Default

Value:SGL_ANTENNA(Single

Feeder[1TX +

1RX])

GSM BSS




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STIRCALLO

WED

BSC6900 SET

GCELLSOFT

GBFD-115821 EICC Meaning:Wheth

er to enable the

EICC algorithm.

Enhanced

Interference

Rejection

Combining

combines the

signals received

by multiple

antennas to

obtain better

signals. EICC is

mainly used inheavy-traffic

network where

tight frequency

reuse is in place.

GUI Value

Range:NO(No),

YES(Yes)

Unit:None

Actual Value

Range:NO, YES

DefaultValue:NO(No)

GSM BSS




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8 CountersThere are no specific counters associated with this feature.

GSM BSS

2-Antenna Receive Diversity Feature Parameter Description 8 Counters



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9GlossaryFor the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.

GSM BSS

2-Antenna Receive Diversity Feature Parameter Description 9 Glossary



27
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10 Reference Documents1. 3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)"

2. 3GPP TS 25.211, "Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical

channels (FDD)"

3. 3GPP TS 25.306, "UE Radio Access capabilities"

4. 3GPP TS 25.308, "UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA); Overall

description"

5. 3GPP TS 25.321, "Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification"

6. BSC6900 Feature List

7. BSC6900 Basic Feature Description

8. BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference

9. BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference

GSM BSS

2-Antenna Receive Diversity Feature Parameter Description 10 Reference Documents