GREEN PAPER: US White House and US Congress Submission

Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism:” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text

Appendix A-1: The Aboriginal Diet of Humans (Homo Sapiens)

ABSTRACT A synthesis of multidisciplinary analyses documents listed in the Bibliography B. on the identity of the aboriginal human diet clearly indicates that the aboriginal human diet was and by definition still is the Herbivore/Vegan Diet. Thus it is no coincidence that the Herbivore/Vegan Diet is identified in the Bible Genesis 1: 29 as the “directive for human nutrition” __ “food from the soil” __ and is part of the “Great Law” of General Human Systems Theory.

I. Ancient African, Eastern and Middle Eastern Cultures and Civilizations: “Golden Age”

Recent paleontology and archeological circumstantial evidence supports the premise that the Herbivore/Vegan Diet is aboriginal is based on the new technique of hair analysis. SA Macko, et al in the article “The Ice Man’s diet as reflected by the stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of his hair” in FASEB Journal, V 13 (3), pp 559-62, 1999 states that:

“We have also recognized a primary vegetarian component in the diet of the Neolithic Ice Man

of the Oetztaler Alps (5200 BP).“

Please note that in 5,000 BC. the “primary vegetarian component” was the herbivore/vegan diet.

The Herbivore/Vegan Diet of eating “foods from the soil” was aboriginally established by the African Culture in the Nile River Valley theocracy of Ancient Egypt/Kemit lead by the priests of the esoteric “School of On (Annu or God)” circa 100,000 BC. This dating is based on the genetic dating of the human genus homo sapiens female mitochondria genome originating in Africa at circa 350,000 BC. The human mitochondria of hepatic (liver), vascular (blood vessel) and kidney endothelial cells have the enzyme 27 Sterol Hydroxylase to detox Dietary Cholesterol metaphysically designed from within a Vegan Diet genotype environment. The Vegan Diet was and is characteristically founded upon the sustainable economic development technology of Horticulture implemented by the esoteric “School of On (Annu or God)” based on integrated deep bed gardens and forests using earthworm production and conservation of humus top soil without using animal husbandry to produce its tree and plant sourced food stuffs.

The Vegan Diet was in ancient times and still is used by the Eastern Culture of the Ganges and Indus River Valley Jain and Hindu civilizations of the Asian Sub-Continent of India and the Buddhist civilizations of China and South East Asia which were in communication with the African Culture of the Nile River Valley theocracy of Ancient Egypt/Kemit lead by the priests of the esoteric “School of On (Annu or God).” The Vegan Diet was adopted by the ancient Ionian Greek Philosopher Pythagoras who was trained at the “School of On (Annu or God)” of Ancient Egypt/Kemit. Pythagoras’ subsequent teachings influenced upper classes of the ancient Greek and later Roman societies’ of the Mediterranean Sea.

“For as long as men massacre animals, they will kill each other. Indeed, he who sows the seed of murder and pain cannot reap joy and love.” Pythagoras (6th century BC)

The aboriginal Hippocratic Oath of ancient physicians is traceable to Pythagoras and the esoteric “School of On (Annu or God).” It is notable the various modern Hippocratic Oaths taken by allopathic MD. physicians today are significantly modified versions of the original oath.

The Vegan Diet was adopted by the ancient Hebrews, as their Patriarchs Joseph and Moses (alias esoterically Pharaoh Akhenaton) were also trained at the “School of On (Annu or God)” of Ancient Egypt/Kemit. The Vegan Diet was practiced by the Essene Hebrews who wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls. As proto-Christians the Essenes raised the Nazarene Prophet John the Baptist who initiated the Christian Master Jesus Christ.

A. Quoting from the Encyclopedia Britannica on the Essene(s) {Hebrews/Jews}:

“According to Clement of Alexandria (200 A.D.) the Essenes were strict abstainers from flesh foods.” “As a result of the ascetic training of the Essenes, and their temperate diet, it is said that they lived to a great

age, and were superior to pain and fear.” “… they had in many respects reached the highest moral elevation attained by the ancient world, they were just, humane, benevolent and spiritually-minded; the sick and the aged were the objects of a special affectionate regard; they condemned slavery . . . as an impious violation of natural brotherhood of man.”

“Josephus says that the Essenes lived the same kind of life as did the Pythagoreans….. they entirely addict themselves to husbandry... they are long lived also in so much that many of them live above a hundred years!”

GREEN PAPER: US White House and US Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism:” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text

Appendix A-1: The Aboriginal Diet of Humans (Homo Sapiens) _ page 2

B. “Dean Stanley points out certain evidence that St. John was an adherent of the Essenian philosophy.... Thus from the above St. John by inference was a vegetarian too.”

“The Homilies of Clement, according to Howard Williams”... assure us ‘that St. Matthew‘ lived upon seeds and hard shell fruits and other vegetables, without touching flesh.” “The Homilies of Clement, according to Howard Williams, represent St. Peter as a strict flesh-abstainer,

living upon bread and olives only, with the addition rarely of kitchen herbs. This information it is claimed was given by St. Peter himself to Clement of Rome.”

“Eusebius states that St. James never ate any animal food.” NOTE: St. James is St. James the Just, Jesus Christ’s brother and known Essene Nazarite.

“According to St. Augustine, he lived upon seeds and vegetables, never tasting flesh or wine.”

(from John Harvey Kellogg’s The Natural Diet of Man, 1923, pg. 77) The Vegan Diet was adopted by the ancient Sebean civilization of Sheba in Asia Minor who also studied at the “School of On (Annu or God)” of Ancient Egypt/Kemit. Their successors were the proto-Muslim Sufi Mystics who initiated the founding Muslim Prophet Muhammad in the cave of Hira. Thus the Vegan Diet was introduced to the initial Muslim societies of the Middle East.

Consequently, the Vegan Diet can be seen today reflected in the modern Mediterranean Diets of southern European Mediterranean societies of southern France, Spain and Italy albeit using fish and wine instead of nuts, seeds and unfermented grape and other fruit juices; and can also be seen today reflected in the modern Mediterranean Diets of Muslim North African and Middle Eastern societies using for example Garbanzo bean based hummus, cous cous, tabouli and goat dairy.

II. Ancient European and North Asian Culture and Civilizations : “Mammal Cannibalism”

The Western Culture of Europe and North Asia which invented Agriculture based upon domesticated grain and legume “field plants” and based upon the animal husbandry of domesticated mostly mammalian animals was founded by people who used the novel and experimental Omnivores Diet. This diet’s novel and experimental aspects stem from the adaptation to the inclement weather of 90 to 120 day growing seasons in post Ice Age Europe and Northern Asia spread around the world from the metaphysically militaristic cultures which used this aggressive behavior generating Omnivores Diet. In these temperate areas of Europe and Asia the mythical King Osiris and Queen Isis invented the new applied science of agricultural around 10,000 BC. as opposed to the aboriginal applied science of horticulture. It was needed to replace the heinous ritual and practice of cannibalism which was obviously socially despised and ostracized and the often ineffective hunting of wild animals which was sporadic and caused their rapid disappearance in Europe and Asia. This new applied science of agricultural had as its components a.) domesticated animals mostly mammals; b.) animal husbandry; c.) animal manure based fertilizing; d.) domesticated grains and legumes; e.) animal powered field plows; f.) farming of plots with ploughed parallel fields and g.) Omnivorous diet which negated the perennial food shortage from the winter shortened growing seasons in the temperate areas of Europe and Asia. Note that the Omnivores Diet of these humans being mammals feeding from their own mammalian family group via domesticated mammal animals initially constituted and still constitutes a form of “mammal cannibalism.” Sickness treatment epistemologically this “pseudo” food generates in the human body autoimmune responses including white blood cell’s production of antibodies and amyloid protein excretion and the liver’s detox conjugation with glucose, the amino acid glycine and sulfonic acid taurine.

Unfortunately, this characteristically pastoral lifestyle using domesticated mostly mammalian animals sets into motion the environmentally destructive interconnected vectors of pastoral overgrazing, the loss of humus top soil, the change of local rain patterns from the progressive loss of shrub and trees breaking their provided ground water to atmospheric water cycle and eventually the regional systemic death of trees resulting in large scale desertification and deforestation wherever it is used. The appearance of chronic diseases and syndromes herein called the Dietary Cholesterol and Related Diseases and Syndromes (DCRDS) naturally manifests within any culture’s people soon after they adopt the novel and experimental Omnivores Diet. This is because the human body can not properly utilize Dietary Cholesterol from another mammal or human of which consumption results in immune system rejection as seen in Diabetes Mellitus, fermentation and putrefaction microbial intestinal insanitation problems and/or initiation of serious prion infections. The Great Britain Empire was based on the novel Omnivores Diet but its Royal Navy soon learned the bitter lessons of the need for “foods from the soil” with scurvy, beriberi and pellagra caused vitamin deficiencies. During the Victorian Age the tradition of fruit as the days first meal was replaced with “breakfast” or “break the fast of dinner” was instituted avoiding fruits and vegetables and substituting with a heavy meat and carbohydrate morning meal. Historically, the novel Omnivores Diet is still characteristically associated with 1.) environmental pollution with its over grazing animal husbandry agriculture producing soil erosion and animal feces and urine runoff into surface water and ground water tables; 2.) environmental destruction of desertification and deforestation ; 3.) unsustainable economics with the ineffective use of grains and seeds to feed domesticated animals for food instead of feeding people; 4.) the chronic diseases and syndromes better termed the Dietary Cholesterol and Related Diseases and Syndromes (DCRDS)

GREEN PAPER: US White House and US Congress Submission

Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism:” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text

Appendix A-1: The Aboriginal Diet of Humans (Homo Sapiens) _ page 3 caused by the inevitable immune system rejection of its “pseudo food” elements and intestinal microbial toxemia; and 5.) the continued militaristic endeavors and unhumanitarian “mean” culture this diet spawns/generates. Medieval Europe’s constant wars, killing plagues originating from the chronic enteric anaerobic bacterial toxemic infections of all those who eat animal meat and colonialization of militarily weaker people in the name of Jesus Christ were predictable outgrowths of the experimental, novel and environmentally destructive and internally unsanitary Omnivores Diet.

Today the Omnivores Diet is still novel and experimental because the human genome will not accept it without exception. This is seen in “industrialized countries” and in urbanized areas of “developing countries” where it is imported for example by America’s MacDonald Restaurants; results in millions of people being malnourished, going hungry and being sickness ridden from the chronic disease and syndromes based iatrogenic poverty and economic poverty generated by the Omnivores Diet.

III. Origin of the Vegetarian Diets of Africa and Asia: “Accommodation”

The Vegetarian Diet is related to the Vegan Diet but was developed later as a modification and socio-political economic cultural accommodation of the invading peoples from Europe and North Asia who brought the Omnivores Diet into Africa and Southern Asia who aboriginally used the Vegan Diet. By using the less cholesterol dense dairy products of domesticated mammalian animals and eating little or no animal flesh “foods”, they attempted to ameliorate Omnivores Diet’s deforestation and desertification vectors needing fewer Agricultural animal husbandry raised domesticated mostly mammalian animals feeding themselves and their animals domesticated grains, legume and seed producing plants. Proof of this is that the domesticated mammalian animals the cow, goat, sheep and horse are not native to Africa and were imported in by invader and migrant peoples.

This accommodation occurred in Ancient Egypt/Kemit with the defeat of the Pre-Dynastic invasion of the Dynastic Race starting the 1 st Dynasty of the Dynastic Race esoterically mixed Caucasian and Asian Dravidian peoples. By the 3 rd Dynasty diabetes mellitus was being described medically and being treated by the physicians of Ancient Egypt/Kemit. The Omnivores Diet was later reintroduced during the Hyksos invasion and occupation from the 13 th to the 17 th Dynasties. This accommodation ended with the environmental and socio-political economic destruction of this multi-millennium surviving civilization by successive invasions and occupations by the Omnivores Diet based Persian, Greek and Roman civilizations. The Greek City states were based mostly on the Omnivores Diet. However, take note that the vegan/vegetarian teachings of Pythagoras had caused the upper classes in Athens to adopt the Vegetarian Diet as seen in the personal dietary choice of the Philosopher Socrates. The Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire was based on the Omnivores Diet. Yet take note that then General Julius Caesar in his Memoirs relates that he had to change the diet of his army fighting against the Vegetarian Diet using Gallic Tribes in his Gallic Wars as the Gallic women were killing his troops in hand to hand combat. This accommodation occurred in Ancient India with the invasion of the Europeans lead by Rama and subsequent invasions of the Omnivores Diet Scythians. The later invasion attempt by the Omnivores Diet using Macedonian Greek lead by Alexander the Great ended in his mortal wounding. Likewise the later attempt by the Omnivores Diet using Roman Empire invasion of India was repulsed with the Roman Emperor himself killed in battle largely from the hand to hand combat superiority of the Vegetarian Diet using Indian army. The later successful invasion and occupation by the Omnivores Diet based Great Britain Empire of India ended with the environmental and the socio-political economic destruction of mega-India now split into the nations of Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. All these nations are struggling with various forms of socio-political economic problems stemming from the Vegetarian Diet and requisite Agricultural technology base. The ultimate defeat of the Nazi Germany World War II military was due to the comparative inferiority of its food stuffs forced by the British and American Naval blockade from getting the importation of phosphate, phosphorus, animal manure and other natural organic fertilizers. The Nazi’s turned to the novel and experimental “organic chemistry” to use for the first time on a large scale N-P-K chemical fertilizers derived oil petroleum to produce its domesticated animals and vegetable, grain and food products. The differences of animal husbandry practices of the western civilization and the eastern civilization in the raising of cattle and the production of dairy products is reflected in the former’s use of these animals as animal meat sources and the latter’s forbidding such use as violating a sacred animal. Thus the western civilization animal husbandry practice has dairy products with high levels of cholesterol derived from using the cows milk sac lining or rennet in dairy products and the eastern civilization animal husbandry practices having dairy products practically devoid of cholesterol. T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D., of Cornell University, director of a study of 6,500 Chinese found a close correlation between meat consumption and the incidence of heart disease and cancer.

"Usually, the first thing a country does in the course of economic development is to introduce a lot of livestock. Our data are showing that this is not a very smart move and the Chinese are listening. They are realizing that animal-based agriculture is not the way to go.... We are basically a vegetarian species and should be eating a wide variety of plant food and minimizing our intake of animal foods.... Once people start introducing animal

products into their diet, that's when the mischief starts."

GREEN PAPER: US White House and US Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism:” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text

Appendix A-1: The Aboriginal Diet of Humans (Homo Sapiens) _ page 4 IV. The Omnivore Diet’s Deleterious Effects Compounded by Allopathic Medicines: Metabolic Syndrome As recently reported by free lance journalist Andrea Stone 11/03/2009 on www.sphere.com America’s military recruiters have declared that 75% of the American youth are unfit for military service because of overweight and obesity, mental neurosis including drug and alcohol abuse and prison records. It is clear that the Omnivore Diet generating the chronic diseases and syndromes including latest manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome is the cause of this Health National Security crisis.

GREEN PAPER: US WHITE HOUSE AND US Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text

Appendix A-2: Aboriginal Christians Were Vegans

This document is based on one originally entitled “Are Christians Vegetarians?” by Keith Akers of the Denver, Colorado, Vegetarian Society and a former North American Regional Secretary for IVU. He wrote it in association with Richard Shorter of London, England. It has been modified herein by George W. Singleton, 2007 and 2009 European Union Humanitarian Grantee in support of the Green Paper:: Appendix A-1: The Aboriginal Diet of Humans. Most Christians today probably eat animal meat without giving it a second thought. But many early Christians were vegan not even dairy product partaking vegetarians including Clement of Alexandria, Origen, John Chrysostom, and Basil the Great.

I. Writings on the Jesus Christ Disciples as Vegans According to some early church writings the Apostles Matthew, Peter and James (the brother of Jesus and first leader of the Jerusalem church) were vegans.

a.) “It is far better to be happy than to have your bodies act as graveyards for animals. The Apostle Matthew partook of seeds and nuts and vegetables without flesh.” Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor, book 2, chapter 1 Note: Clement of Alexander was the second leader of the Catechetical School of Alexander, Egypt [later named in the Roman Catholic Church the Bishop of the aboriginal Christian Gnostic Church] created by the Disciples of Jesus Christ’s fully 200 years before it was co-opted by the omnivore Emperor Constantine of omnivore Roman Empire. Quite naturally for “empire security” and animal meat industry reasons the vegan and gardening lifestyle of Jesus Christ a Hebrew Essene was changed to meat eating fisherman.

b.) “Apostle Peter said, "I live on olives and bread to which I rarely only add vegetables." Pseudo-Clementine Homolies 12, 6; also Recognitions 7,6.

c.) “Apostle James (the Just), the brother of the Lord ... was holy from his mothers womb; and he drank no wine nor strong drink, nor did he eat flesh.” Hegesippus, quoted in The Church History of Eusebius, book 2, chapter 23.

II. Early Christian Clergy and Saints Testimony

a.) “Sacrifices were invented by men to be a pretext for eating flesh.” Clement of Alexandria (150 – 215 AD) Note: Please note that it is not a coincidence that:

1.) Clement of Alexander the Bishop of the aboriginal Christian (Gnostic) Church was a vegan and his student Origen (c. 185-254 AD) who became the next Bishop of Alexandria and First Theologian of the Christian Church too was vegan; 2.) Clement of Alexander was the last to have seen and given a detailed description of the now missing 42 Books of Thoth; 3.) these text books of the Ancient Egypt/Kemit “School of On (God or Annu) were based on the Great Law of humans as herbivores and the vegan diet; 4.) the “School of On” trained Hebrew Patriarchs Joseph and Moses (esoterically Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaton), and Moses writing about the creation of earth dictates clearly the Bible Genesis 1: 29 vegan human diet directive; and 5.) the “School of On” trained Greek Philosopher Pythagoras (c 570- 495 BC) who introduced the vegan lifestyle to the Greek civilizations surviving as the Mediterranean Diet.

2. GREEN PAPER: US White House and Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text Appendix A-2: Aboriginal Christians Were Vegans

b.) “The eating of meat was unknown up to the big flood, but since the flood they have the strings and stinking juices of animal meat into our mouths, just as they threw in front of the grumbling sensual people in the desert.” “Jesus Christ, who appeared when the time had been fulfilled, has again joined the end with the beginning, so that it is no longer allowed for us to eat animal meat.” St Jerome (347- 420 AD)

c.) “The steam of meat meals darkens the spirit. One can hardly have virtue if one enjoys meat meals and feasts. In the earthly paradise there was no wine, no one sacrificed animals, and no one ate meat.” St Basil (330 – 379 AD)

d.) “Not to hurt our humble brethren is our first duty to them, but to stop there is not enough. All things of creation are children of the Father and thus brothers of man ...” “God wants us to help animals, if they need help. Every creature in distress has the same right to be protected.” “If you have men who will exclude any of god's creatures from the shelter of compassion and pity, you will have men who will deal likewise with their fellow men.”

St Francis of Assisi (1181- 1226 AD)

e.) “If man wants freedom why keep birds and animals in cages? Truly man is the king of beasts, for his brutality exceeds them. We live by the death of others. We are burial places! I have from an early age abjured the use of meat, and the time will come when men such as I look upon the murder of animals as they now look upon the murder of men.”

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 AD) Note: This would explain his monumental masterpiece the Last Supper with Jesus Christ, his Disciples including Mary Magdalene painted seated at a table set as a vegan dinner with no animal meat in sight.

III. Bible References: Vegananism: Original Ideal and Ultimate Hope

a.) And God said, "Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have them for food. And to every beast of the earth, and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food." Bible Genesis 1:29-30

b.) The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid, and the calf and the lion and the fatling together, and a little child shall lead them. The cow and the bear shall feed; their young shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. The suckling child shall play over the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adders den. They shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. Bible Isaiah 11:6-9

3. GREEN PAPER: US White House and Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text Appendix A-2: Aboriginal Christians Were Vegans c.) Then I will make a covenant on behalf of Israel with the wild beasts, the birds of the air, and the things that creep on the earth, and I will break bow and sword and weapon of war and sweep them off the earth so that all living creatures may lie down without fear. Bible Hosea 2:18

d.) He shall wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning nor crying nor pain any more, for the former things have passed away. Bible Revelations 21:4

e.) I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they themselves are beasts. For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea they have one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast for all is vanity. Yea.

Bible Ecclesiastes

f.) Children in whom was no blemish, but well-favored, and skillful in all wisdom, and cunning in knowledge, and understanding science...and the King appointed them a daily provision of the King’s meat, and of the wine which he drank... But Daniel proposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the King’s meat, nor with the wine which he drank… Therefore he requested that he might not defile himself. Prove thy servants, I beseech thee, ten days; and let them give us pulse (vegetable legumes) to eat, and water to drink. Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the Countenance of the children that eat

of the portion of the King’s meat: And as thou seest, deal with thy servants. And at the end of ten days their countenance appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the children which did eat the portion of the King’s meat. Thus Meizar took away the portion of their meat, and the wine that they should drink; and give them pulse. As for these Children, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and had understanding in all visions and dreams.

Bible Daniel 1:4-17 (excerpts thereof)

IV. Bible References: God Cares About Animals and Wants Us To Care About Animals

a.) The Lord is good to all men, and his tender care rests upon all his creatures. Bible Psalms 145:9

b.) Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow and reap and store in barns, yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Bible Matthew 6:26

c.) A righteous man cares for his beast. Bible Proverbs 12:10

d.) When you see the ass of someone who hates you lying helpless under its load, however unwilling you may be to help it, you must give him a hand with it. Bible Exodus 23:5

e.) When you see your fellow countryman’s ass or ox lying on the road, do not ignore it; you must help him to lift it to its feet again. Bible Deuteronomy 22:4

4. GREEN PAPER: US White House and Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text Appendix A-2: Aboriginal Christians Were Vegans

f.) He who slaughters an ox is like him who kills a man. Bible Isaiah 66:3

V. Bible References: Animal Sacrifices Are Rejected by God

a.) Your countless sacrifices, what are they to me? says the Lord. I am sated with whole-offerings of rams and the fat of buffaloes; I have no desire for the blood of bulls, of sheep and of he-goats. Whenever you come into my presence - who asked you for this? No more shall you trample my courts. The offer of your gifts is useless, the reek of sacrifice is abhorrent to me. Bible Isaiah 1:11-12

b.) There is blood on your hands; wash yourselves and be clean. Bible Isaiah 1:16

c.) For a desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God, rather than burnt offerings. Bible Hosea 6:6 d.) Because Ephraim has made many alters for sin, they have become for him alters for sinning. I have written for him the great things of my law (Genesis 1:29) but they were considered a strange thing for the sacrifices of my offerings. They sacrifice flesh and eat it. But the lord does not accept them. Now He will remember their iniquity and punish their sins. Bible Hosea 8:11-13

e.) If you had known what that text means, "I require mercy, not sacrifice", you would not have condemned the innocent. Bible Matthew 12:7

VII. Past and Present Notable Philosophers, Scientists and Authors Testimony

a.) “But for the sake of some little mouthful of flesh we deprive a soul of the sun and light, and of that proportion of life and time it had been born into the world to enjoy.”

Plutarch (c. 46- c.120 AD)

b.) "The animals you eat are not those who devour others; you do not eat the carnivorous beasts you, take them as your pattern. You only hunger after sweet and gentle creatures who harm no one, which follow you, serve you, and are devoured by you as the reward of their service."

John-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778 AD)

c.) “Flesh eating is unprovoked murder.”

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790 AD)

d.) “I have no doubt that it is part of the destiny of the human race in its gradual improvement to leave off eating animals.”

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862 AD)

5. GREEN PAPER: US White House and Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text Appendix A-2: Aboriginal Christians Were Vegans e.) “Nothing more strongly arouses our disgust than cannibalism, yet we make the same impression on Buddhists and vegetarians, for we feed on babies, though not our own.”

Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894 AD) f.) “Let no one regard as light the burden of his responsibility. While so much ill-treatment of animals goes on, while the moans of thirsty animals in railway trucks sound unheard, while so much brutality prevails in our slaughterhouses ... we all bear guilt. Everything that lives has value as a living thing, as one of the manifestations of the mystery that is life.” “Until he extends the circle of compassion to all living things, man will not himself find peace.” Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965 AD)

g.) “A man can live and be healthy without killing animals for food; therefore, if he eats meat, he participates in taking animal life merely for the sake of his appetite. And to act so is immoral.” “Flesh eating is simply immoral, as it involves the performance of an act, which is contrary to moral feeling: killing. By killing, man suppresses in himself, unnecessarily, the highest spiritual capacity, that of sympathy and pity towards living creatures like himself and by violating his own feelings becomes cruel.”

Leo Tolstoy (1828- 1910 AD) f.) “My situation is a solemn one. Life is offered to me on condition of eating beefsteaks. But death is better than cannibalism. My will contains directions for my funeral, which will be followed not by mourning coaches, but by oxen, sheep, flocks of poultry, and a small traveling aquarium of live fish, all wearing white scarfs in honor of the man who perished rather than eat his fellow creatures.”

George Bernard Shaw (1850 -1956 AD)

g.) ”Nothing will benefit human health and increase chances for survival of life on earth as much as the evolution to a vegetarian diet.”

Albert Einstein (1879-1955 AD) h.) “In every respect, vegans appear to enjoy equal or better health in comparison to both vegetarians and non-vegetarians.”

T. Colin Campbell, PhD Professor of Nutrition, Cornell University (letter dated 3/29/98)

i.) "There will come a time...when civilized people will look back in horror on our generation and the ones that preceded it: the idea that we should eat other living things running around on four legs, that we should raise them just for the purpose of killing them! The people of the future will say ‘meat-eaters!’ in disgust and regard us in the same way we regard cannibals and cannibalism." Dennis Weaver

j.) “Your choice of diet can influence your long term health prospects more than any other action you might take. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop

k.) "The beef industry has contributed to more American deaths than all the wars of this century, all natural disasters, and all automobile accidents combined. If beef is your idea of `real food for real people,' you'd better live real close to a real good hospital." Neal D. Barnard, M.D., President, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, D.C.

6. GREEN PAPER: US White House and US Congress Submission Resolution of the American Health National Security Issue Omission: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol & Bile Acid Metabolism” Request for US Congressional National Security Investigations: Scientific Text Appendix A-2: Aboriginal Christians Were Vegans

l.) "All red meat contains saturated fat. There is no such thing as truly lean meat. Trimming away the edge ring of fat around a steak really does not lower the fat content significantly. People who have red meat (trimmed or untrimmed) as a regular feature of their diets suffer in far greater numbers from heart attacks and strokes." Michael Klaper, M.D., Medical Director, Earth Save Foundation, Santa Cruz, California

m.) "If you step back and look at the data, the optimum amount of red meat you eat should be zero." Walter Willett, M.D., Professor at Harvard School of Public Health (Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition), wrote editorial “Diet and Cancer” in the January 12, 2005, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), V. 293, pp 234-4 in support of the American Cancer Society study [Chao, Ann, et al, “Meat Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer,” JAMA, V. 293, pp 172-182] that found a close correlation between red meat consumption and colon cancer.

n.) "Usually, the first thing a country does in the course of economic development is to introduce a lot of livestock. Our data are showing that this is not a very smart move and the Chinese are listening. They are realizing that animal-based agriculture is not the way to go.... We are basically a vegetarian species and should be eating a wide variety of plant food and minimizing our intake of animal foods.... "Once people start introducing animal products into their diet, that's when the mischief starts."

T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D., of Cornell University, director of a study of 6,500 Chinese that found a close correlation between meat consumption and the incidence of heart disease and cancer. [Campbell, T. Colin; Campbell II, Thomas M.; Lyman, Howard, The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-Term Health, 2006]

Editorial: Iatrogenic poverty

Bruno Meessen1, Zhang Zhenzhong2, Wim Van Damme1, Narayanan Devadasan1, Bart Criel1 and Gerald Bloom3

1 Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium2 Chinese Health Economics Institute, Beijing, China3 Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK

keywords poverty, iatrogenesis, catastrophic health care expenditure, health insurance, social

assistance, Asia, transition

Poverty and illness are intertwined. It is a well-documented

fact that poverty leads to ill-health. In every society,

morbidity and mortality are higher among the poor

(Wagstaff 2002). Determinants of lower health status

include nutrition, environment, education, lifestyle and

access to health care. Less is known about how illness itself

can lead to poverty in developing countries. There are two

major pathways. The first is through the death or disability

of a household income earner. This reduces future income

generation and may jeopardize household consumption.

After a household has depleted its wealth it may have less

capacity to invest in the education of their children. This

transmits poverty to the next generation.

The second is through the treatment itself, or more

exactly its cost. The chain of events is as follows: when

someone falls ill, the household faces several different costs

(opportunity cost of care giving, transportation, treat-

ment), and to cope with them, it follows diverse strategies.

Sometimes the costs are limited, and the household is able

to buffer them by making a short-term adjustment (such as

consuming precautionary saving, calling on assistance from

informal support networks, temporarily reducing its con-

sumption of other goods). Yet, sometimes, the costs are at,

or increase to, a level where these coping mechanisms are

not sufficient anymore. The household then adopts the

riskier strategies of selling or mortgaging its productive

assets (Ensor & Bich San 1996; Bloom & Lucas 2000;

Meessen & Criel 2003). Some households recover from the

financial shock, but others do not (Wilkes et al. 1997). The

next time when they have to deal with an illness, a crop

failure or another problem, they may be tipped into

poverty. Chambers (1983) has called this process a poverty

ratchet.

Iatrogenic poverty

Poor people are well aware of that cycle. Surveys have

found that they identify sickness as one of their greatest

worries (Milimo et al. 2002). Economists and experts in

poverty analysis have raised the issue. The WHO, the

World Bank and the ILO are trying to put it higher on the

agenda by referring to it as catastrophic health care

expenditure. But the issue is still little recognized by the

political, scientific and, most of all, the medical commu-

nities. Doctors are trained to assess the outcome of their

interventions in terms of health status, it is high time to

consider them in terms of welfare.

Let us have a look at the world outside the health sector.

What has been the major change for humanity these last

two decades? The average reader of this journal might

identify globalization. But for 1.7 billion people, the major

change has another name: transition. The transition from a

planned economy to a market economy has concerned

China, most of South East Asia, Eastern Europe and the

Republics of the former Soviet Union. What has this

transition meant for the citizens of these countries?

Economic growth in some countries, but also a reshaping

of the pattern of entitlements (Sen 1981). While education,

jobs, income and welfare services used to be taken for

granted, today they are determined by a combination of

market forces and political commitment to provide bene-

fits. One can find a job and earn an income according to

one’s skills and the demand in the labour market. Access to

education and health care are no longer universal, but are

influenced by the ability to pay.

Most governments fail to fund their health sector

adequately because of limited budgets, excessive faith in

market forces or other priorities. Consequently, many

public health care facilities are run down or they generate

revenue by charging patients. At the same time, rural

households in many countries have a new opportunity to

mortgage or sell their land and other productive assets.

�Marketization� is indeed ubiquitous. Today, more than

ever, the Cambodian or Chinese farmer is able to

match his ability to pay for health care with his willing-

ness to pay. Credit and land markets, i.e. usurious

Tropical Medicine and International Health

volume 8 no 7 pp 581–584 july 2003

ª 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 581

moneylenders and resourceful neighbouring farmers, are

there to �help�.Is this problem limited to transitional countries? Cer-

tainly not. The problem is also important in Asian

countries with less dramatic changes, such as India or

Indonesia (Gertler & Gruber 2002). Many years ago

Chambers (1983) suggested that the development of

modern hospitals was a major source of difficulties for the

rural poor, who have been made to choose between letting

a sick parent die without care on the one hand and

impoverishment because of high health care costs on the

other (G. Bloom personal communication). The AIDS

epidemic has made these choices even more agonizing.

The whole problem cannot be explained by the rising

liquidity of household assets alone. Willingness to pay is

also increasing. Because of economic growth, epidemiolo-

gical transition, the ageing of the population and access to

information, there is an emerging demand in low- and

middle-income countries for treatments similar to those

delivered in rich countries. Many are ready to try out

anything for their loved ones.

The supply side follows demand: medical progress –

mainly drugs and imaging technology – penetrates liber-

alizing markets easily. In a country like China, the health

staff are understandably eager to increase their income and

keep themselves in line with the other dynamic sectors of

the economy. They face few regulatory constraints. This

unique convergence of factors is creating a real business in

health care. Health is one of the fast growing sectors in

transition economies. For example, since 1996, the annual

growth rate of health expenditure in China has been more

than 13%, significantly exceeding the already fast-growing

economic growth rate (Zhao 2002).

Is this impressive growth justified by needs? Only partly.

A major feature of the health care market is asymmetry of

information: as far as diagnosis and treatments are

concerned, the patient is at the mercy of his agent, the

health worker. Many health workers get their knowledge

from the people who sell them drugs. To control the risk of

provider-induced consumption, a full toolbox of institu-

tions has been developed over the ages, ranging from

market regulation to what we can club together under the

term �professionalism�. Many Asian countries in transition

lack these set of mechanisms. Traditionally, providers were

only accountable to the state which had a ubiquitous

presence (as an owner, supplier, employer, manager and

payer). With transition, the grip of these mechanisms is

losening. Unprotected by checks and balances, the patients

are today at the mercy of health workers who, for

historical reasons, often have very limited medical know-

ledge. This fuels a vicious circle: distress caused by disease,

the quest for treatment – often through a succession of

ineffective therapies, consumption of savings, indebted-

ness, sale of productive assets and eventually poverty. The

disease does not have to be a complex one; dengue in

Cambodia can be enough (Van Leemput & Van Damme

2002). There, health care costs are reported today as the

single most important reason for households to fall into

poverty (Kassie 2000). China’s policy-makers also

acknowledge that illness of a family member has become

one of the most important causes of household poverty

(Zhang 2002). Poverty induced by medicine – �iatrogenic

poverty�!

The search for solutions

The main recommendation for protecting people against

the high cost of illness is social insurance (Kawabata et al.

2002). Disease is a lottery and households can insure their

welfare by pooling their risks and resources. Everyone

shares the cost of the unlucky ones who fall ill. The benefits

are obvious: people can insure against health care expen-

diture (social health insurance) and also the loss of income

because of death or invalidity (widow, orphan and

disablement benefits). Several generations of citizens of the

advanced market economies have enjoyed the blessings of

social security. In some low- and middle-income countries,

statutory social health insurance exists but often only for a

minority of the population: those working in the formal

sector. Hence, there is a growing interest in voluntary

health insurance schemes targeting households that live on

agriculture or make a living in the informal sector (Criel &

Kegels 1997; Bennett et al. 1998; Carrin 2002; Ranson

2002).

Yet, we must not be lured into complacency. It will

probably take years, if not decades, for these voluntary

health insurance schemes to consolidate and go to scale

(Meessen et al. 2002a). Moreover, if they are not well-

designed, for instance in terms of provider payment

modalities, they will contribute to rapid cost escalation.

Other strategies are needed to keep costs under control.

A lot can be done with some basic measures to eliminate the

worst prescription practices. Some forms of rationing by

defining of packages of basic services is also unavoidable.

A full array of measures exists to change the behaviour of

providers. It has to do with empowering actors (e.g.

patients, through health care education, formulation of

patient rights and the emergence of family medicine), with

new institutional arrangements (e.g. registration, accredi-

tation, professional bodies, and enforcement of rules

against inappropriate behaviour), and also with the inter-

nalization of new norms by practitioners (medical ethics).

Once we recognize the harm that bad medical practice does,

the need for health sector reforms becomes apparent.

Tropical Medicine and International Health volume 8 no 7 pp 581–584 July 2003

B. Meessen et al. Iatrogenic poverty

582 ª 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Is the combination of ambitious social health insurance

programmes and reforms of health care provision sufficient

to address the problems of health care-induced poverty?

We do not think so. Health insurance is an option for those

able to pay the insurance premiums, but what about the

poor?

There is a need for a straightforward transfer of

resources to the poor. European history has shown that

even the affluent can gain from such income redistribution

(de Swaan 1988). If social security is the option for the

majority, the poor need a targeted transfer – social

assistance (Norton et al. 2001). The creation of effective

safety nets is not simple in terms of institutional arrange-

ments. It entails addressing the following challenges:

funding the transfer of resources, identifying the eligible

beneficiaries and delivering services that answer the specific

needs (Devereux 2002).

Recently, several countries have launched innovative

safety net strategies that do not rely on fee waivers for the

poor. Although many countries have introduced such

waivers, these have not worked very well in most cases

(Willis & Leighton 1995; Ensor et al. 1996; Stierle et al.

1999). This is not surprising, as health facilities have little

incentive to treat poor patients free of charge. By doing so,

they would indeed jeopardize their own financial health

viability. If one really wants to give the poor access to

expensive health care and protect them from falling deeper

into destitution, funds must be ear marked for such

purposes. Innovative safety nets such as those currently

being developed in Cambodia and China provide a prom-

ising alternative (Meessen et al. 2002b; Zhang 2002). In

Cambodia, Health Equity Funds for purchasing hospital

care for the poor are entrusted to a local social welfare NGO.

China has assigned responsibility for its Medical Assistance

Schemes to the Ministry of Civil Affairs. These are new

initiatives and they have many problems to solve. But they

deserve attention from the scientific and donor community.

Fighting iatrogenic poverty calls for more than just

establishing some kind of social health insurance. It should

be strongly emphasized that the solution lies to a large

extent within the health sector; however, a wide coalition

is necessary to tackle the issue. Other government depart-

ments, such as Ministries of Social Affairs, must be

involved. Civil societies have a role to play. Programmes of

social assistance will require a massive support by the

donors and the national governments. Eventually, the

scientific community has to urgently provide other actors

with a better understanding of the exact relationship

between illness and poverty in a given situation.

The Millennium Development Goals are ambitious.

Because of the growing �marketization� of national

economies and of the health sector in particular, it is

increasingly important that the poverty dimension is

integrated into health policies and in the medical practice.

In 1975, Ivan Illich put iatrogenic disease on the profes-

sion’s agenda (Wright 2003). Now shortly after his death,

it is time to recognize a new form of iatrogenic suffering:

poverty induced by doctors. This is not only a matter of

human rights, but also of public health. When someone

falls ill it may bankrupt an entire household and expose its

members to an increased risk of further ill-health. Poor

medical practice and the lack of financial protection

increases the negative impact of ill-health. This is a real

vicious circle. We need to do something about it.

References

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on Landlessness in Cheung Prey and Battambang Districts,

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through protection against catastrophic health expenditure.

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aux risques lies a la sante? Quelques points de repere micro-

economiques pour la reflexion sur les strategies disponibles dans

les societes africaines et asiatiques. In: Financer la sante dans les

pays a faible revenu d’Afrique et d’Asie (eds M Audibert,

J Mathonnat & E De Roodenbeke). Karthala, Paris.

Meessen B, Criel B & Kegels G (2002a) Les arrangements

formels de mise en commun des risques maladie en Afrique

subsaharienne: pistes de reflexion sur les obstacles rencontres.

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Meessen B, Van Damme W, Por I, Van Leemput L & Hardeman

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Confirmed Results, Confirmed Challenges. MSF, Phnom Penh.

Milimo J, Shilito T & Brock K (2002) The Poor of Zambia Speak:

Who Would ever Listen to the Poor? Zambia Social Investment

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cepts and Approaches: Implications for Policy and Practice in

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London.

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expenditures by a community-based health insurance scheme in

Gujarat, India: current experiences and challenges. Bulletin of

the World Health Organization 80, 613–621.

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Deprivation. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

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81–105.

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and Welfare in Europe and the USA in the Modern Era. Polity

Press, Cambridge.

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Authors

Bruno Meessen, Dr Wim Van Damme, Dr Narayanan Devadasan and Dr Bart Criel, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat

155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium. E-mail bmeessen@itg.be

Zhang Zhenzhong, Chinese Health Economics Institute, Peking University Medical Science Center, P.O. Box 218, 38 Xueyuan Road,

Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China. E-mail zhangzzc@public3.bta.net.in

Gerald Bloom, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE, UK. E-mail G.Bloom@ids.ac.uk

Tropical Medicine and International Health volume 8 no 7 pp 581–584 July 2003

B. Meessen et al. Iatrogenic poverty

584 ª 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

RESEARCHERS UNCOVER BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN HIGH-FAT DIETS AND INCREASED COLON-CANCER RISK

DALLAS – May 17, 2002 – Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas have uncovered what could be a key clue in tracing the connection between high-fat diets and increased colon-cancer risk.

Their findings, published in today’s edition of Science, reveal that the body’s natural mechanisms aren’t built to handle lithocholic acid, a toxic byproduct of dietary fat, in the volume generated by high-fat diets.

Dr. David Mangelsdorf, professor of pharmacology and investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) at UT Southwestern, said observational evidence established a strong association between high-fat diets and colorectal cancer, but scientists could not explain the biological and biochemical mechanisms that formed the link.

“The rate of colorectal cancer is much higher in the United States - where a high-fat diet is common - than in Japan, where people don’t eat a lot of fat and colorectal cancer is almost nonexistent. But no one has understood why that is,” he said.

The new findings show that at least part of the answer lies in the body’s inability to cope with large amounts of lithocholic acid, produced when the body processes cholesterol. The body produces bile acids when it breaks down cholesterol, part and parcel of dietary fat. Those bile acids go to the small intestine and are broken down into secondary bile acids, one of which is lithocholic acid.

Most secondary bile acids circulate to the liver, but only a little bit of lithocholic acid does so. Much of it remains in the small intestine, then moves into the colon, or large intestine.

“Lithocholic acid is highly toxic, and it builds up in a high-fat diet,” Mangelsdorf said. “We don’t know how it causes cancer; but it is known to cause cancer in mice, and people with colon cancer have high concentrations of it.”

Scientists knew that a certain receptor controlled the small amount of lithocholic acid in the liver. Receptors are proteins that bind to certain substances to help the body absorb or get rid of them. The lithocholic acid-controlling receptor also is present in the colon. But there isn’t enough of it to cope with large volumes of lithocholic acid.

However, the lithocholic acid-controlling receptor is similar in structure to another receptor, which binds to vitamin D to help the body absorb calcium. Mangelsdorf’s team wondered if the vitamin D receptor might also help eliminate lithocholic acid.

The researchers discovered that the vitamin D receptor actually plays a major role in eliminating lithocholic acid. Like the receptor that works in the liver, the vitamin D receptor binds to lithocholic acid, then binds to a specific gene, called CYP3A that triggers production of an enzyme that breaks down the toxic acid. Those findings were made using assays, which are small, flat panels used to study genetic activity outside living organisms.

Next, the researchers used tissue cultures to show that the process is replicated in living cells. Then, the team fed vitamin D and lithocholic acid to mouse models. The lithocholic acid activated the animals’ CYP3A genes, as well as other genes that the vitamin D receptor is known to bind to after binding with vitamin D.

“It turned out that in vivo, the vitamin D receptor appeared to play a large role in breaking down lithocholic acid,” Mangelsdorf said.

While the research identifies a possible target for helping the body eliminate excess lithocholic acid, exploiting the research might not be so simple. Taking extra vitamin D would stimulate more activity in the vitamin D receptors, but that also would cause the body to absorb more calcium. Ingesting too much vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia, a toxic condition that occurs with excessive calcium buildup.

Mangelsdorf said the body’s natural lithocholic acid-response mechanism simply wasn’t built to handle the amount of fat in the modern American diet.

“Our bodies can handle slight changes in lithocholic acid that come from a normal diet, but not a high-fat diet,” he said. “The current American diet can provide more fat on a daily basis than a human being was ever meant to handle.”

Dr. Makoto Makishima, a former research associate in the HHMI at UT Southwestern, was lead author of the study. Other UT Southwestern researchers who contributed were Timothy T. Lu, an M.D./Ph.D. student in pharmacology, and Dr. Hideharu Domoto, a postdoctoral fellow in pharmacology.

Other institutions contributing to the study were the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the University of Arizona College of Medicine. The study was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the National Institutes of Health, the Robert A. Welch Foundation and the Human Frontier Science Program.

------------------------------------------------------------------------ © 2003 The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Page maintained by: Office of News and Publications. Last update: May 16, 2002

Mostly Plants

Dean Ornish, MDa,b,*

Eat food. Mostly plants. Not too much.

—Michael Pollan,1 The Omnivore’s Dilemma

There is a growing convergence of scientific evidencethat an optimal diet is mostly plant based, consisting pre-dominantly of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, andsoy products. A healthful diet is also low in refined carbo-hydrates, saturated fat, and trans fats and high in complexcarbohydrates with adequate omega-3 fatty acids.2

In this issue, Kottler et al3 review studies indicating thata plant-based diet combined with nuts, soy, and/or fiberreduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by anaverage of 25% to 30%. This is comparable to what can beachieved with statin drugs but without the costs and poten-tial side effects. Last year, almost $20 billion was spent onstatin drugs in the United States. At a time when health carereform is at center stage, the potential cost savings of re-ducing the need for statin drugs by changing diet and life-style is of great interest.

When most patients are diagnosed with hypercholester-olemia, they are usually advised to follow the dietary guide-lines of the American Heart Association or the NationalCholesterol Education Program. However, these moderatechanges in diet usually result in only modest reductions inLDL cholesterol levels,4 at which point lipid-lowering drugsare usually prescribed. Most patients are not given theoption of making more intensive changes in diet and life-style such as a plant-based diet, because of the belief thatthey will not follow them.5

This belief often becomes self-fulfilling. “Mr. Jones,your LDL cholesterol level is elevated. I know you wouldn’tfollow a plant-based diet or even a modified plant-baseddiet, and why would you want to when I can give you astatin drug and that will do it?” So the patient takes the drug,does not change his diet, and the doctor says, “See, I knewhe couldn’t change his diet.”

The idea that taking a pill is easy and that most patientswill adhere whereas changing diet and lifestyle is difficult ifnot impossible is not supported by most studies. In fact,research shows that up to 60% of patients prescribed lipid-lowering drugs are not taking them only 6 months afterinitiating treatment.6 Why? Because patients are asked totake a pill that does not make them feel better in the hope ofpreventing something frightening, such as a myocardialinfarction or stroke, which most people do not want to thinkabout, so they usually do not.

However, when people make comprehensive lifestylechanges, including a plant-based diet (or a modified plant-

based diet), they often feel so much better, so quickly, thatit reframes the reason for making these changes from fear ofdying, which usually is not sustainable, to joy of living,which often is.

Evidence suggests that a plant-based diet is beneficial forpreventing and treating a variety of chronic diseases. Inaddition to the effects of a plant-based diet on hypercholes-terolemia, these include coronary artery disease, diabetes,hypertension, obesity, prostate cancer, breast cancer, andother conditions. In other words, it is not 1 diet for heartdisease, another for diabetes, and another for hypercholes-terolemia. A reason that these conditions are often associ-ated is that they often share common diet and lifestyleorigins.

The National Institutes of Health and AARP study of500,000 subjects reported that the consumption of red meatwas significantly associated with increases in total mortal-ity, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality.7 Mea-sures of cardiovascular disease such as flow-mediated va-sodilation as well as LDL cholesterol and inflammationworsened on a typical Atkins diet but improved significantlyon a low-fat, whole-foods, plant-based diet.8

What we include in our diet is as important as what weexclude. Plant-based foods contain $100,000 disease-pre-venting nutrients, such as phytochemicals, bioflavonoids,carotenoids, retinols, isoflavones, genistein, lycopene, poly-phenols, sulforaphanes, and so on.9 They are also low indisease-promoting constituents such as saturated fats, transfatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and sugar.

For example, blueberries contain phytochemicals calledanthocyanins that may improve memory. Tomatoes are richin lycopene, an antioxidant that may help reduce the risk forcoronary artery disease, breast cancer, lung cancer, andprostate cancer. Ginger contains a compound called gin-gerol that may lower blood pressure and increase circula-tion. Pomegranates are rich in phytochemicals that may helpprevent prostate cancer by reducing deoxyribonucleic aciddamage and may increase myocardial perfusion in thosewith ischemic heart disease.10 Kale contains luting, an an-tioxidant that protects against macular degeneration.

Studies are showing that although isolated vitamins maynot be beneficial, plant-based foods that contain these vita-mins often are protective. For example, b-carotene supple-ments were found to increase the risk for lung cancer insmokers, whereas foods such as carrots that are rich inb-carotene were found to lower the risk.11

In our studies, my colleagues and I at the nonprofitPreventive Medicine Research Institute, in collaborationwith other institutions, found that a plant-based diet (alongwith moderate exercise, such as walking 30 minutes/day,stress management techniques such as meditation and yoga,and increased social support) was able to stop or reverse theprogression of even severe coronary artery disease as mea-sured by exercise thallium scintigraphy,12 radionuclide ven-triculography,13 cardiac positron emission tomography,14

aPreventive Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, California; andbUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Manu-

script received April 20, 2009; revised manuscript received and accepted

May 13, 2009.

*Corresponding author: Tel: 415-332-2525; fax: 415-332-5730

E-mail address: dean.ornish@pmri.org (D. Ornish).

0002-9149/09/$ – see front matter © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. www.AJConline.org

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.031

and quantitative coronary arteriography.15 There was evenmore improvement after 5 years than after 1 year, and therewas a direct correlation between the degree of change in dietand lifestyle and the degree of improvement in percentagediameter stenosis. Also, we found 2.5 times fewer cardiacevents.16 We conducted a randomized controlled trial indi-cating that the progression of early-stage prostate cancerwas slowed, stopped, or reversed in patients who followeda plant-based diet and lifestyle intervention.17

We are gaining a greater understanding of some of thegenetic mechanisms by which these diet and lifestylechanges are beneficial. For example, we found that thisintervention caused beneficial changes in gene expression in.500 genes in only 3 months, upregulating disease-pre-venting genes and downregulating oncogenes that promotebreast cancer and prostate cancer and also downregulatinggenes that promote inflammation and oxidative stress,which often contribute to the cause and progression ofcoronary artery disease.18 We also found that these lifestylechanges increased telomerase, the enzyme that lengthenstelomeres, the ends of our chromosomes that affect longev-ity.19 Even drugs have not been shown to do this.

Also, what’s good for you is also good for our planet.Animal agribusiness generates more greenhouse gases thanall transportation combined.20 The livestock sector gener-ates more greenhouse gas emissions as measured in carbondioxide equivalent than transportation (18% vs 13.5%).Also, it accounts for 9% of the carbon dioxide derived fromhuman-related activities. It generates 65% of the human-related nitrous oxide, which has 296 times the global warm-ing potential of carbon dioxide. It is also responsible for37% of all the human-induced methane, which is 23 timesmore warming than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide andmethane mostly come from manure, and 56 billion “foodanimals” produce a lot of manure each day. Also, livestocknow use 30% of the earth’s entire land surface, mostly forpermanent pasture but also including 33% of global arableland to produce feed for them. As forests are cleared tocreate new pastures, it is a major driver of deforestation:some 70% of forests in the Amazon have been turned overto grazing.

Finally, eating lower on the food chain is a more efficientway to produce protein. It takes significantly more resourcesto produce meat-based protein than plant-based protein. Asthe earth’s population continues to increase and resourcesdecrease, choosing to eat more plant-based foods frees upmore resources to help feed others. Knowing that the foodchoices we make each day not only help ourselves and ourfamily but also our planet often brings a sense of meaning;for many people, this is a powerful motivator.

Many people tend to think of breakthroughs in medicineas new drugs, lasers, or high-tech surgical procedures. Theyoften have a hard time believing that the simple choices thatwe make in our lifestyles—what we eat, how we respond tostress, whether or not we smoke cigarettes, how muchexercise we get, and the quality of our relationships andsocial support—can be as powerful as drugs and surgery,but they often are. Sometimes, even better.

1. Pollan M. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of FourMeals. New York, New York: Penguin, 1996.

2. Ornish D. The Spectrum. New York: Ballantine, 2008:386.3. Kottler BM, Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND. Effects of plant-based diets

on plasma lipids. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:947–956.4. Hunninghake DB, Stein EA, Dujovne CA, Harris WS, Feldman EB,

Miller VT, Tobert JA, Laskarzewski PM, Quiter E, Held J, Taylor AM,Hopper S, Leonard SB, Brewer BK. The efficacy of intensive dietarytherapy alone or combined with lovastatin in outpatients with hyper-cholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1213–1219.

5. Ornish D. Statins and the soul of medicine. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:1286–1290.

6. Liberopoulos EN, Florentin M, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS. Compli-ance with lipid-lowering therapy and its impact on cardiovascularmorbidity and mortality. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008;7:717–725.

7. Sinha R, Cross AJ, Graubard BI, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A. Meatintake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people.Arch Intern Med 2009;169:562–571.

8. Miller M, Beach V, Sorkin JD, Mangano C, Dobmeier C, Novacic D,Rhyne J, Vogel RA. Comparative effects of three popular diets onlipids, endothelial function, and C-reactive protein during weightmaintenance. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109:713–717.

9. Dewell A, Weidner G, Sumner MD, Chi CS, Ornish D. A very low-fatvegan diet increases intake of protective dietary factors and decreasesintake of pathogenic dietary factors. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:347–356.

10. Sumner MD, Elliott-Eller M, Weidner G, Daubenmier JJ, Chew MH,Marlin R, Raisin CJ, Ornish D. Effects of pomegranate juice consump-tion on myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary heart disease.Am J Cardiol 2005;96:810–814.

11. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J, Cullen MR,Glass A, Keogh JP, Meyskens FL, Valanis B, Williams JH, BarnhartS, Hammar S. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitaminA on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1150–1155.

12. Ornish DM, Gotto AM, Miller RR, Rochelle D, McAllister GK.Effects of a vegetarian diet and selected yoga techniques in the treat-ment of coronary heart disease. Clin Res 1979;27:720A.

13. Ornish DM, Scherwitz LW, Doody RS, Kesten D, McLanahan SM,Brown SE, DePuey E, Sonnemaker R, Haynes C, Lester J, McAllisterGK, Hall RJ, Burdine JA, Gotto AM Jr. Effects of stress managementtraining and dietary changes in treating ischemic heart disease. JAMA

1983;249:54–59.14. Gould KL, Ornish D, Scherwitz L, Brown S, Edens RP, Hess MJ,

Mullani N, Bolomey L, Dobbs F, Armstrong WT, Merritt T, Ports T,Sparler S, Billings J. Changes in myocardial perfusion abnormalitiesby positron emission tomography after long-term, intense risk factormodification. JAMA 1995;274:894–901.

15. Ornish DM, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Armstrong WT,Ports TA, McLanahan SM, Kirkeeide RL, Brand RJ, Gould KL. Canlifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle HeartTrial. Lancet 1990;336:129–133.

16. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Brown SE, Gould KL, MerrittTA, Sparler S, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, Kirkeeide RL, Hogeboom C,Brand RJ. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heartdisease. JAMA 1998;280:2001–2007.

17. Ornish D, Weidner G, Fair WR, Marlin R, Pettengill EB, Raisin CJ,Dunn-Emke S, Crutchfield L, Jacobs FN, Barnard RJ, Aronson WJ,McCormac P, McKnight DJ, Fein JD, Dnistrian AM, Weinstein J, NgoTH, Mendell NR, Carroll PR. Intensive lifestyle changes may affectthe progression of prostate cancer. J Urol 2005;174:1065–1070.

18. Ornish D, Magbanua MJ, Weidner G, Weinberg V, Kemp C, Green C,Mattie MD, Marlin R, Simko J, Shinohara K, Haqq CM, Carroll PR.Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensivenutrition and lifestyle intervention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:8369–8374.

19. Ornish D, Lin J, Daubenmier J, Weidner G, Epel E, Kemp C, Mag-banua MJ, Marlin R, Yglecias L, Carroll PR, Blackburn EH. Increasedtelomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study.Lancet Oncol 2008;9:1048–1057.

20. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Livestock’sLong Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.HTM. Accessed June 9,2009.

958 The American Journal of Cardiology (www.AJConline.org)

GREEN PAPER:: US White House and US Congress Submission American Health National Security Issue Omission Resolution:: “The Great Pathophysiological Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism”

Appendix E The Reversal of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkington's Disease (PD) and Other Dementia

I. The Cause

One could wait a few more years until the allopathic and osteopathic medical communities admit they now know the cause of the various manifestations of Dementia, or one could gain from the observational evidence that clearly points to the ingestion of mammalian animal "pseudo-foods" (red meat) or "Mammal Cannibalism" as the culprit. The aboriginal diet of humans beings (homo sapiens) is part of the Great Law called "General Human Systems Theory (GHST)" which was written by Moses [alias Egyptian “School of On (Annu or God)” 18 th Dynasty Egyptian/Kemitian Pharaoh Akhenaten] in the Book of Genesis 1:29 of the Hebrew Old Testament and Christian Bible. Hereditary forms of Dementia simply means those with familial genomes that are more sensitive to red meat "pseudo-food" ingestion and its “slow poisoning” effects than the rest of earth's human population.

II. The Proof

One has only to do comparative study of the Prion Protein Infectious Diseases to see the extreme results of "Mammal Cannibalism;" i.e. as humans are mammals the possible consequences from eating from ones own family group the domesticated or wild mammals. The Prion Protein Infectious Diseases include the following spongiform encephalopathys (SE) amongst humans:

1.) Kuru __ from cannibalizing human flesh 2.) CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease) 3.) GSS (Gerstmann-Strausler-Schewke Syndrome) 4.) fatal familial insomnia 5.) Iatrogenic CJD from failed surgeries of brain tissue, cornea grafts, administration of human growth hormone 6.) variant CJD from ingesting Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) contaminated cow meat

The Prion Protein Infectious Diseases include the following SE’s amongst the mammalian animals other than humans:

1.) BSE __ affecting cows (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, "mad cow disease") 2.) Scrapie __ affecting sheep 3.) spongiform encephalopathys __ affecting wild moose and wild sheep

The SE’s are all “slow infectious diseases” taking a long time period to manifest into the symptoms of a.) dementia and/or b.) "spongiform" holes in the brain tissue and/or c.) serious brain placque formations. They are all fatal with no reversal possible using the conventional allopathic or osteopathic medical paradigm.

One simply has to comparatively look at the etiology of Kuru amongst the Fore people of New Guinea who were cannibals of other humans; and add that to the Great Britain meat industry's mistake of feeding vegan cattle the ground up bodies of sheep and other dead cows which resulted in BSE to understand that the human brain can not be exposed to any amount of brain tissue or Central Nervous System nerve tissue as Prion Protein Infection Disease is a risk.

There is no such thing as eating bacon, hamburger, baloney, ribs or steak and not ingesting minute amounts of mammalian animal brain or nerve tissue!!!

The human brain dementia diseases of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) which includes placque development and Parkington's Disease (PD) have proliferated from being almost unknown 30 years ago to being in the top 10 killers of Americans and main sources of dementia which fill the nursing homes in America. Their proliferation is associated with the increased animal mammalian meat per capita ingestion by Americans via the modern fast food high fat and protein diet. AD and PD are simply lower level intensity Prion Protein Infectious Diseases. They too will lead to death of the patient. However, they are stoppable and even reversible if the remedial regimen is begun and carried out properly.

III. The Reversible Dementia Diet and Cleansing Regimen

Immediately begin a TOTAL vegan diet ____ a vegetarian diet will not yield a reversal result __ any lapses here will not bring fruitful results __ do you allow babies to eat poison?

1.) For breakfast 2 cups minimal of Mexican Papaya for breakfast fresh cut up or in smoothies with other fresh berries especially blueberries using evaporated sugar if desired. 2.) For lunch 2 cups minimal unroasted sprouted sunflower seeds and pumpkin seeds with pecans and/or walnuts in "seed drinks" with evaporated sugar. "Seed drink" directions are in Original Prevention of Sickness Pamphlet (Pamphlet) freely downloadable from http://www.theuniversityofgod.org/Page8.html. 3.) follow Dr. Dean Ornin, MD.'s Cardiovascular Disease Reversal Diet in his book The Spectrum. 4.) follow the Mediterranean Diet by a.) cutting out fish, sea animals and dairy substituting "mock meat", whole grains, legumes, seeds and nuts and seed/nut milk and cheeses; and b.) cutting out wine and substituting plenty of freshly squeezed vegetable juices especially “organic (Whole Food ‘365 Brand)” carrot, spinach, beet, celery and garlic and fruit juices especially seeded grape and blueberry juice mixed with Mexican Papaya as a smoothie. 5.) use any other vegan diet menus or create entrees by substituting the "mock meats" for animal meat in menus. 6.) each month __ preferably in the beginning of the month __ do a 9 day fast on Mexican Papaya __ you do it along with dementia patient ___ each day doing a “seed drink” just before bed and a high enema the instructions in Pamphlet. 7.) Prepare daily 12 ounce drink of Southern Mexico Yam Tea made by the Infusion method instructions in Pamphlet. 7.) optionally monthly series of colonics administered by a certified Physical Therapist or Colonic Specialist.

It takes years for AD and PD and the more severe Prion Protein Infection Diseases to manifest symptoms so give this regimen at least 9 months to show reversal signs. Gws_5/06/2010

Hunza: 15 Secrets of the World’s Healthiest and Oldest People, By Dr. Jay M. Hoffman 1. Biological Horticultural Gardens and Orchards _________________ Chapter 20: Fantastic Irrigation & Trenches Mineral Rich Glacial Water Irrigated 2. Healthy Natural Humus Top Soil __ Chapter 21: Soil and Health 3. Peaceful Home Environment _____ Chapter 22: Relaxation in Hunza 4. Clean Air & Deep Breathing ______ Chapter 23: Climate and Air in Hunza 5. Natural Exercise: Walking and Gardening__________Chapter 24: Exercise the Natural Way 6. Plenty of Sleep _________________ Chapter 25: Sunset to Sunrise Sleep 7. Plenty of Pure Water ____________ Chapter 26: Drinking Habits 8. Rock Resin Tea ________________ Chapter 27: Rock Resin Tea 9. Stress Less Living ______________ Chapter 28: Free From Worry

10. Mineral Rich Foods _____________ Chapter 29: Nutritious Foods

11 a. No Refined, Simple Carbohydrates _________________ Chapter 30: No Empty Calories in Hunza No White Sugar, Flours and Rice Instead Use Whole, Complex and Unadulterated Carbohydrates

11 b. No Alcohol Drinks _______________Chapter 30: No Empty Calories in Hunza

11 c. No Caffeine Foods or Drinks ______ Chapter 30: No Empty Calories in Hunza No Chocolate Foods or Drinks No Coffee and Caffeine Tea No Caffeine Soda Pops No Caffeine Energy Supplements

12. Low Fat Diet

No Oils, Fat or Grease ____________Chapter 31: The Low Fat Diet in Hunza 13. Daily Bowel Movements 1 to 4 BM’s per day _____________ Chapter 32: No Constipation in Hunza 14. Vegetarian Diet _________________ Chapter 33: The Hunza Diet No Animal Flesh or Dairy Foods 15. No Spices and Condiments _______ Chapter 34: No Degenerative Diseases in No Salt, Pepper, Vinegar and other Irritating Condiments and Spices

THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION

OF SICKNESS: GENERAL

NUTRITIONAL HERBOLOGY

INSTRUCTIONS

• PREVENTIVE SICKNESS HYGIENE & NUTRITION

• STOMACH AND INTESTINAL CLEANSING

• RELIEF OF CONSTIPATION

• PREVENTION OF CANCER

• PREVENTION OF NUTRITIONALLY RELATED DISEASES

BRCA/SYNERGISTIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, INC.

GEORGE W. SINGLETON III B.A. - General Biology HD. - Doctor of Herbology 317-293-1519

2005 edition ©

1. THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION OF SICKNESS: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

I. AVOID THE 5 “WHITE FOODS”

a. White Flour/Bread - substitute 100% whole wheat and other whole grain flours and bread - without preservatives and without enriched white flour - “flourless” (sprouting transforms starch to sugar) whole grain breads are best b. White Rice - substitute Brown Rice, Wild Rice or Basmati Rice, rinse and soak overnight or at least 20 minutes - baking is best c. White Salt (VIP) - substitute the “real” rock salt or sea salt and ideally use ground kelp - “normal” table salt like “Morton’s” is really a by-product from the refining of bauxite to aluminum which is sprayed on rock salt so it pours - aluminized salt causes high blood pressure and suspiciously aluminum shows up in Alzheimer Syndrome victims’ brains and should be avoided d. White Sugar - substitute dehydrated “organic” sugar, 100% “organic” maple syrup, unsulphured black molasses, “organic” honey (moderately) - avoid white sugar (sucrose), brown sugar, turbinado sugar, fructose produce acid blood condition from 100% white sugar blood stream absorption - imitation sugars are carcinogenic e. White Milk and Dairy - getting “rennetless” (without the inner cells of the cow’s milk sack) milk and cheese thereof without hormones is nearly impossible the vegetarians eating dairy are at risk of TB, polio & “mad cow” disease - substitute the original dairy from plants ___ soy, rice, nut and inexpensive seed milks and cheeses See Section XII for instructions on making seed/nut milk in your blender

NOTE: With the exception of white milk which naturally comes from seeds and nuts, we are the “victims” of eating unknowingly racist created refined “white colored” foods.” instead of their natural unrefined ”brown colored” original food counterparts.

7. THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION OF SICKNESS: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS XII. INSTRUCTIONS ON MAKING SPROUTED SEED/NUT MILKS AND DRINKS This recipe will result in a seed/nut “milk” substitute for cow’s milk or a complete and easily digested liquid meal seed/nut “drink” with all the nutrients needed for a complete day’s activities ideal for a vegan or vegetarian on the go and concerned about getting proper nutrition. Ingredients: ½ cup raw hulled “organic” sunflower seeds ¼ cup raw hulled “organic” pumpkin seeds ¼ cup raw unhulled “organic” sesame seeds ¼ cup “organic” dehydrated sugar or 100% Grade A Maple syrup 4 cups of filtered, spring or distilled water (do not use tap water as the chlorine gas used to decontaminate it is carcinogenic) Instructions: 1.) put seeds in Blender and cover with 1 cup of the water and put lid on and let sit at least 12 hours as the seeds will sprout turning their starch to digestible sugar; 2.) drain and then rinse with 1 cup of the water; 3.) drain and add the final 2 cups of water and the dehydrated sugar or Maple syrup and blend until liquefied. 4.) Enjoy as a Seed/Nut Milk ___ strain solid material out and drink or use in recipes as you would cow’s milk. 5.) Enjoy as a Seed/Nut Drink __ drink without starining for a complete liquid meal. NOTE: You can substitute other seeds and nuts in place of the Pumpkin seeds and sesame seeds, but the sunflower seeds are necessary for they are a complete and easily digestible food that everyone should eat every day.

THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION

OF SICKNESS: GENERAL

NUTRITIONAL HERBOLOGY

INSTRUCTIONS

• PREVENTIVE SICKNESS HYGIENE & NUTRITION

• STOMACH AND INTESTINAL CLEANSING

• RELIEF OF CONSTIPATION

• PREVENTION OF CANCER

• PREVENTION OF NUTRITIONALLY RELATED DISEASES

BRCA/SYNERGISTIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, INC.

GEORGE W. SINGLETON III B.A. - General Biology HD. - Doctor of Herbology 317-293-1519

2005 edition ©

11.

THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION OF SICKNESS: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

XIV. THE 12 CAUSES OF CANCER AND HOW TO PREVENT IT

This message is dedicated to my Mother and Step Father who have been staunch supporters of my work over the years and both suffered from cancer. I am reminded I have been warning my family and friends for 30 years now what I had learned in my medical pathology and "nutritional herbology" studies starting with my pre-med undergraduate education at the University of

Chicago from 1966 to 1970 (BA in General Biology) and culminating in my Doctor of Herbology

(HD) Degree in 1986 ___ that 50% of the American people will contract preventable cancer. Of course not having an MD degree and warning so early in the “cancer pandemic” very few have listened to me seriously. In addition to my Mother and Step Father contracting cancer, my mother's brother and sister died of cancer within 6 months of diagnosis in 1998, my Step Father's sister died of cancer in 2002 and his brother died from cancer in 2003. A score of other people in my family and network have it or have died of it. Several years ago I heard a frustrated and frightened Reverend Jessie Jackson on his CNN cable show ask desperately what was the cause of the cancer epidemic in America? Here is a list of the 12 leading causes of the cancer epidemic known 30 years ago remembering that cancer cells are one's own cells who mutate and decide to break the "body plan" and revolt growing on their "own plan" and satisfying their own needs without regard to the body's needs, overall safety and well being:

#1.) animal organ and flesh foods __ animal protein digestion unlike plant protein digestion leads directly to the heavy production of the carcinogen uric acid, unnatural animal manure containing bacteria and fungi which is allowed into the meat from the dead animal's intestinal tract during the "curing process" of hanging butchered meat caucuses to tenderize the meat, and these microbes excrete carcinogens (mycotoxins) into the ingester's body; and leads to ingesting agri-chemicals from the grains these farm animals are fed ___ creates the cancer cell producing environment of a thick acid pH blood condition with a low level of oxygen; NOTE: a.) The human body in its normal cellular death maintenance metabolism produces uric

acid that is excreted by the kidneys, and is additionally overloaded from the unnatural addition of animal organ and flesh foods adding additional uric acid for the body to eliminate. b.) Dairy products that are rennetless are alright to eat and prevent cancer but are extremely hard to get. Thus substituting and switching completely to dairyless cheeses (soy) and soy; and other seed and nut milks is ideal. Refer to Section I above. c.) Please study Appendix H for the shocking discovery announced in May 2002 on in Science Magazine that the cause of Colon Cancer has been identified as Lithocholic Acid which means it is a factor in all cancers being made by the Liver in fatty animal flesh digestion and stored in the fat tissues by the Liver throughout the body.

12.

THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION OF SICKNESS: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

XIV. THE 12 CAUSES OF CANCER AND HOW TO PREVENT IT (continued)

#2.) improper internal hygiene __ people are taught to brush, and floss their teeth and antiseptically wash their mouth; i.e. the beginning of the digestive/alimentary tract but have not been told and in fact are encouraged not to conduct enemas thus washing the tail end segment of their digestive/alimentary tract the colon; the colon being the part of the

intestinal tract that not only withdraws water from the feces but helps purify the blood

along with the kidneys by filtering sold wastes from the blood stream into the large

intestine for elimination in the stools ___ thus leading to a further compounding of the Cancer Epidemic cause #1 problem above by causing a build up old undigested putrefactive acid forming mucus waste material amounting to a dangerous anaerobic (oxygen deficient) cesspool environment teaming with microbes and their carcinogenic toxic excretments;

NOTE: Colon and stomach cancers are the top 2 killing cancers and obviously are connected to what we eat and drink and the relative internal hygiene of these two key food digestive organs. #3.) parasitic tape worms, flukes, protozoa, viruses, bacteria and fungi ___ usually animal manure, organs and flesh food originated but also in contaminated and spoiled vegetable, fruit, nuts, legumes and grains as well as in the air from other infected people and animals ___ tapeworms, flukes and protozoa getting the nutrients before the host, viruses

entering cells and mutating their genetic (DNA and or RNA) material carcinogenic, and bacteria

and fungi feeding on undigested food residues ___ with them all excreting carcinogenic wastes into the core of the body carried every heart beat by the blood stream throughout the body; #4.) conventionally grown vegetables, fruits and grains contaminated with agri-

chemicals from artificial fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, growth hormones and fungicides; #5.) refined, adulterated and preserved foods ___ from farm and garden humus topsoil erosion and failure to soil remineralize producing especially since World War II and the onset of chemical agriculture empty caloried food products devoid of biogenic energy and natural micro-nutrients needed to detoxify carcinogenic wastes and chemicals and fight cancer cells abound ___ producing in the general population a "subclinical malnutrition" devoid of the natural fresh fruit, vegetable, nut, seed and grain cancer fighting cytosomes, vitamins, minerals and enzymes; with additionally chemical preservatives, artificial colors and additives including propyl alcohol; #6.) improper beverages and damaged disinfected drinking water ___ alcoholic

beverages including wines and beers overwork the cancer fighting organ the liver while stimulating briefly increased blood flow by thinning the otherwise average meat eater's thick acid pH blood condition with a low level of oxygen, as well as the use of the chemical poisons chlorine gas, fluoride, calcium carbonate and aluminum to name a few to disinfect and treat sewer utilized water to produce public drinking water which is high pressurized in municipal water systems damaging its molecular structure and oxygenation ability;

13. THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION OF SICKNESS: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

XIV. THE 12 CAUSES OF CANCER AND HOW TO PREVENT IT (continued)

#7.) loss of 50% of the Oxygen in the Air since 1900 ___ by the continued deforestation of the planet and environmental chemical pollution killing the oxygen producing trees, water and soil algae and ocean plankton and seaweed__ which alone explains the Ozone

Holes since Ozone (O3) is produced naturally from Oxygen (O2) and if the former is reduced so will the later be reduce ___ causing the increased need for nutritional anti-oxidant vitamins and micronutrients;

#8.) ultraviolet light from the sun ___ can mutate cellular genetic material carcinogenic is normally filtered out by the atmosphere but allowed through the atmospheric Ozone Holes ultimately caused by the loss of trees and other oxygen producing plants and thus loss of oxygen in the atmosphere produces skin cancers; #9.) industrial chemicals in commercial products, manufacturing work sites and

as environmental pollutants in the air, water, earth, food plants and animals; #10.) natural and man made radiation ___ from substances as natural radon, from nuclear power plants, radioactive wastes used to produce "irradiated preserved" foods, nuclear weapon testing and uses thereof ; #11.) stress at home, work or extracurricular activities ___ usually from a dislike of one's livelihood or one's interpersonal relationships blocks the bodies daily detoxing of free

radicals, cancer cells and other carcinogenic toxins; and #12.) Over indulgence in sexual intercourse, prescription & illicit drugs and greed. Obviously, it is a wiser lifestyle and economically expedient to prevent the onset of cancer in one's life before it starts or to cure it in its early stages. You can afford to look like an "extremist health nut" if you can avoid the cancer epidemic, since the majority of America's people are content in allowing this cancer epidemic to consume them for the sake of progress, too confident in their health insurance and hoping for a "magic" cure. Even the first stages of a particular cancer can benefit from an avoidance of the 12 cancer causes no matter what treatment one chooses to take ___ the conventional legal chemical, surgery and radiation treatments or an alternative cure. Finally, there are so-called "genetically associated cancers" but it is maintained here that avoiding the 12 cancer causes outlined above will prevent even "so-called " hereditary cancers" from manifesting which comprise only 5% of all cancer incidents.

14.

THE ORIGINAL PREVENTION OF SICKNESS: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

XIV. THE 12 CAUSES OF CANCER AND HOW TO PREVENT IT (continued) For those needing guidance as to how to deal with Cancer Causes #1, 2 and 3: 1.) the vegan/vegetarian diet is highly recommended for you immediately; 2.) with corresponding "high enemas" every 4 days for at least a year reduced to once a month there after when all one's sickness symptoms have disappeared targeting the "unseen" intestinal tract unsanitary mucus food wastes; 3.) please refer to this Original Prevention of Disease: General Nutritional Instructions

Pamphlet which we encourage you to copy and spread through your network for free for diet, high enema and ridding oneself of tape worms and internal intestinal mucus filth.

For those needing guidance as to how to deal with Cancer Causes #4, 5, 6 and 7: 1.) invest in your health and start buying "organic" food produce and food products from your local natural food store, market or farmers' market; 2.) invest and plant your own deep bed garden that will produce 4 times as much food with half the water ___ for faxed deep bed installation instructions call 317-251-0414; 3.) invest and increase the number of oxygen producing landscape trees and ornamental plants inside and outside your residence; 4.) invest in a Champion quality triturating juicer and prepare your own fresh vegetable and fruit juices which are rich in oxygen; 5.) avoid drinking tap or well water directly and wasting money on bottled water not in polycarbonate plastic as any other plastic bottle will leach plastic polymers into the water, and invest in a mobile Nikken PiMag (Fliptop or Sport) Water Bottle on sale this month at half price ($29 or 4 pack for $88) and Magna Tote ($95) or stationary residential faucet installed Nikken

PiMag Water System ( $850) and purify and naturally energize your potable tap, well or camp site water to oxygen rich, pH balanced PiMag.

Please feel free to feedback upon this message or ask for specific help with your and any of your family or network member's situation at 317-251-0414.

In the United States, women are more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than in 40 other countries.

Prevent women from dying in childbirth.

Dear Basheer, Today we're blowing the lid off the shameful way that many pregnant women are treated in the United States. We've released an unflinching report that details the disgraceful facts, tragic stories and poor policies behind maternal death rates among American women. The results show this country ranks 41st in the world for risk of dying from pregnancy-related complications. It's not just the low ranking that concerns me; it's that in a country that spends far more on health care than any other country in the world - and more on pregnancy and childbirth hospitalization costs than any other area of medicine - at least half of these deaths could have been prevented! Ensure that pregnant women in the United States get the care that they deserve.

It comes down to a few key areas where a woman's right to a safe childbirth is neglected:

• Women aren't receiving enough information about the signs of complications and the risks of medical interventions, such as inducing labor or c-sections.

• Unlike in other countries, most women in the U.S. do not receive home visits following childbirth, even though more than half of all maternal deaths occur within 42 days of giving birth.

• The cost for maternal care is just too high for many women to pay and many women find that they cannot obtain insurance after becoming pregnant.

• Far too many barriers are preventing pregnant women from getting proper care before, during and after their delivery.

• African American women are four times as likely to die in pregnancy and childbirth than white women. Disparities have not improved in more than 20 years.

• Few systems are in place to analyze existing problems and propose possible solutions to improve maternal health standards.

Here are 2 things we can do right now to combat preventable maternal deaths:

1. Urge the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to improve timely access to quality maternal care. As the principal agency for protecting health in this country, this department must be at the heart of efforts to change the system. We are asking Kathleen Sebelius, the Secretary of this department, to work with President Obama in setting up an Office of Maternal Health within HHS dedicated to providing the much-needed oversight for preventing, recognizing and responding to the leading complications that cause pregnancy-related deaths.

2. Volunteer to meet with Senators and Representatives in your local district to inform them about this tragedy. Amnesty supporters will be spreading the word to elected officials March 29 - April 9th and engaging them to prevent maternal deaths. We will train you and give you the support you need to educate and enlist your representatives in the effort to reduce maternal deaths.

The more I learn about the women and families whose lives have been affected by this devastating crisis, the more convinced I am that we must do something about it. Help us protect women's health. Help us deliver the message that maternal health is a human right.

In Solidarity,

Larry Cox Executive Director Amnesty International USA

Kathleen Sebelius 3/23/2010 Secretary US/Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Washington, DC. Your Honor US/HHS Secretary Katheleen Sebelius:

As the 2007 and 2009 European Union Humanitarian Grantee we are hopeful that the Amnesty International, Inc. citing the disturbing situation uncovered in 2008 by the Center for Disease Control on the status of the high infant mortality rates in America compared to international community especially in the inner cities at 14% which is clearly genocidal will lead to definitive action to eradicate this problem. Please find attached the Red Paper: Interrogatory of the American Health Care Issue Omission: The Great Ramifications of Dietary Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism: The Chronic Diseases and Syndromes delivered already to the White House/Office of Health Care Reform, Office of the First Lady and the Vice President as well as leaders in the US Congress which on page 4 states:

"2.) US Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) at 6.9% as reported in 2008 by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) places America 29th in industrialized countries compared with Japan's IMR of 3.1% and 3 rd amongst industrialized nations. The IMR amongst African Americans at 16.7% is genocidal! Note a: The CDC in its 2008 Annual Report on the nation's Infant Mortality Rates pointed to the lack of progress in infant mortality prevention from 2000 to 2006 __ a lack of progress in this vital health index not seen since the 1960's. America could once boast about its IMR but has steadily lost its health status advantage internationally the last 30 years since passage of the Civil Rights Bill. Note b: This period from 2000 to 2006 coincides with: i.) the proliferation of the high fat and high protein fast food restaurants in America; ii.) the unannounced substitution of the federally subsidized production of the higher caloric high fructose corn syrup for the lower caloric sugar cane and sugar beet sucrose as a sweetener by America's refined food industry; iii.) an attempt to corrupt medical science further with federal research using statistical manipulation of death rates to give overweight and obese individuals’ longer life spans than normal and underweight individuals; iv.) the appearance of the “Metabolic Syndrome” [the cluster of cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors including visceral (waist) obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol]; and the manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome as a major dysfunction of the people. Note c: In a disturbing finding the infant merconum (first bowel movement after birth) as well as neonatal newly born infant bile and infant blood contains high amounts of 22- Hydroxy Cholesterol, C-24 mono-hydroxy bile acids called 3-beta-hydroxy cholenoic acid and Lithocholic acid which are dangerous co-mutagenic, co-carcinogenic, atherogenic and toxogenic linked to liver cholestasis (gall stone blockage of the gall bladder) and the Oxysterols (24, 25 and 27 Hydroxycholesterols). In particular Premature babies are associated with the at risk of high concentration of C-24 monohydroxy bile acids and high Dietary Cholesterol maternal diets. [F14] Esoterically as documented above and in Appendix A-1 because the human genome is encoded as a herbivore/vegan genetically, the human liver of the pre-natal, neonatal and infant processes any Dietary Cholesterol from the Mother’s shared blood system or amniotic fluid as a “slow poison” through a “Third Bile Acid Metabolic Pathway” producing a unique mix of bile acids that persists from conception but is slowly transformed after birth by the development of intestinal flora until about 4 years of age when the adult pattern of dietary cholesterol and bile acid metabolism dominates."

Page 2_ US/Department of Health and Human Services (HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius

It is very clear from research and development work under great suppression that unborn babies in the womb are at risk from the immense co-mutagenic, co-carcinogenic, cholestatic and the toxogenic effects on the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, pancreas of Dietary Cholesterol and the over 20 of its derivatives inventoried in Table 3 of the Red Paper especially the mono-hydroxy-bile acids specifically Lithocholic acid and its isomers and 3-beta 5 Cholenoic acid. It is clear that now with the passage of the Health Care Reform Legislation that the US/HHS can lead an innovative infant mortality amelioration implementation that if it included the following 2 elements would in 24 months show significant lowering of this problem especially in the nation's inner cities:

a.) recommend that participating doctors and other health practitioners implement a no dietary cholesterol regimen on women at risk for infant mortality especially those in America's inner cities; and b.) encourage the relevant Executive Branch agencies to channel green job monies into cleaning the urban areas of litter __especially zeroing in on plastics as their UV light deterioration pollutes the water table and drinking water with low levels of hydrocarbon mutagens, carcinogins and cytotoxins that the bile acids and other Table 3 identified derivatives promote as co-mutants, cocarcinogen and co-toxogens; e.g. pvc's and other aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons are found in Mothers' milk.

As the 2007 EUHG recipient I am available for assisting you in such an endeavor at no cost.

Sincerely and yours in service,

State of the World Forum Member # 20827 2007 and 2009 European Union Humanitarian Grantee

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Relationships

Between Bile Acid Levels and Fetal Complication

Rates

Anna Glantz,1 Hanns-Ulrich Marschall,2 and Lars-Åke Mattsson1

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), characterized by pruritus in the second half ofpregnancy, entails an increased risk to the fetus. This study was designed to determine theincidence and fetal complication rates in ICP, and to define groups at increased risk. In anprospective cohort study conducted between February 1, 1999, and January 31, 2002, all45,485 pregnancies in a defined region of Sweden (Vastra Gotaland) were screened for ICP,defined as otherwise unexplained pruritus of pregnancy in combination with fasting serumbile acid levels >10 !mol/L. Pruritus was reported by 937 (2.1%) women, and ICP wasdiagnosed in 693 (1.5%). Simple logistic regression analyses showed that the probability offetal complications (spontaneous preterm deliveries, asphyxial events, and meconium stain-ing of amniotic fluid, placenta, and membranes) increased by 1%–2% per additional!mol/L of serum bile acids. Complementary analyses showed that fetal complications didnot arise until bile acid levels were >40 !mol/L. Gallstone disease and a family history ofICP were significantly (P < .001) more prevalent in the group of ICP patients with higherbile acid levels. In conclusion, we found an incidence of ICP in our population of 1.5%.From complication rates recorded prospectively, we could define a mild (81%) and a severe(19%) form of ICP, the latter with bile acid levels >40 !mol/L. No increase in fetal risk wasdetected in ICP patients with bile acid levels < 40 !mol/L, and we propose that these womenbe managed expectantly, which would significantly reduce the costs of medical care.(HEPATOLOGY 2004;40:467–474.)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a conditioncharacterized by pruritus in the second half of preg-nancy. It persists until delivery, after which it ceases

promptly. A genetic background is suggested by family clus-tering and demographic variations, with the highest inci-dences reported from Chile-Bolivia (6%–27%) and Sweden(1–1.5%).1 ICP is associated with an increased risk of pre-term delivery in 19%–60%,2–5 intrapartum fetal distress in22%–41%, and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in 0.75%–1.6% of the affected pregnancies.3–6 The diagnostic criteriafor ICP have varied over time in different reports, making

complication rates difficult to compare. When, in additionto pruritus, clinical jaundice was used to define ICP, higherfetal complication rates were reported than when diagnosiswas based only on elevated bile acid and transaminase lev-els.2,3,6–8 The Swedish ICP incidence figure is taken from astudy using only pruritus in pregnancy as the inclusion cri-terion, and that study did not report increased fetal risk as-sociated with ICP.9

Nowadays, elevation of serum bile acids is considered tobe the most appropriate laboratory parameter for diagnosisof the condition.8,10–12 It is reasonable to believe that ICPconstitutes a continuum, ranging from light to severe forms,but there has been an absence of algorithms to identify preg-nancies entailing increased fetal risk. The aims of this pro-spective cohort study were to determine the incidences ofpruritus of pregnancy and ICP, and to investigate whetherfetal complication rates correlated to the severity of the dis-ease, measured by bile acid levels in maternal serum.

Patients and Methods

The incidences of pruritus in pregnancy and ICP werestudied prospectively in the Vastra Gotaland region of

Abbreviations: ICP, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; IUFD, intrauterinefetal death; CTG, cardiotocography.

From the 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska UniversityHospital/East, Goteborg, Sweden, and 2Karolinska Institutet, Department of Med-icine, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Received January 5, 2004; accepted April 23, 2004.Supported by grants from FOU, Vastra Gotaland region.Address reprint requests to: Anna Glantz, M.D., Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynaecol-

ogy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/East, 416 85 Goteborg, Sweden. E-mail:anna.glantz@vgregion.se; fax: !46 31 25 43 87.

Copyright © 2004 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/hep.20336

467

Sweden between February 1, 1999, and January 31,2002. The area had 1,500,462 inhabitants in February,2001, and all women with pregnancies leading to deliveryin the region during the study period were screened forICP.

In Sweden, all normal pregnancies are monitored bymidwives at local antenatal clinics. If pregnancy compli-cations occur, the women are referred to an obstetrician atthe nearest department of obstetrics. All 106 local ante-natal clinics and the 6 departments of obstetrics with de-livery wards in the region participated in the study.

Pruritus in pregnancy without any obvious dermato-logical explanation was the inclusion criterion. Womenwere consecutively included in the study. Verbal and writ-ten informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Each participant received a study protocol and wasinstructed to bring it to every appointment during preg-nancy, including the stay at the delivery ward. A medicalhistory, including heredity for pruritus in pregnancy, out-come of prior pregnancies, skin disorders, atopic and al-lergic conditions, liver/gallbladder disorders, and otherrelevant illnesses, was taken. At weekly visits until partu-rition, a fasting blood sample for analysis of total bile acidswas drawn from an antecubital vein, and the patient wasinstructed to estimate her pruritus on a 100-mm-longvisual analogue scale with the endpoints “no pruritus atall” (0 mm) and “worst possible pruritus” (100 mm). Ifthe total bile acid levels were normal ("10 !mol/L), thepatient was scheduled for checkups at the local antenatalclinic. If the total bile acid level was "10 !mol/L at anytime, the patient was referred to the nearest department ofobstetrics for further care. The study protocol instructedthe managing obstetricians to take fasting blood samplesfor analysis of bile acids, aminotransferases, and bilirubinin serum once a week until delivery, to ask the patients toestimate their pruritus on a visual analogue scale, and tomonitor fetal well-being by cardiotocography (CTG) atthe same appointments. No other specific instructionswere given to the obstetricians regarding how to managethe pregnancies or whether to time the deliveries. Datarecorded at delivery included gestational age, mode ofdelivery, spontaneous or induced labor, blood loss, fre-quency of asphyxial events (operative delivery due to as-phyxia; Apgar score "7 at 5 minutes; postpartum pH"7.05 in umbilical arterial blood), and meconium stain-ing of amniotic fluid or green staining of placenta andmembranes, indicating a longer period since meconiumpassage. All data concerning patient history, laboratoryresults, and estimation of pruritus on the visual analoguescale as well as delivery data were recorded in the studyprotocol.

Participants who did not attend the weekly visits orwho did not return their study protocol to the deliveryward were considered as “lost to follow-up.” Of the 937women registered, 820 women completed the study, and117 were lost to follow-up (12.5%). Data from thesewomen were included in the calculation of the incidencesof pruritus in pregnancy and ICP but were excluded fromthe analyses of patient history and outcome of the presentpregnancy (Fig. 1).

All women with ICP at a gestational age less than 37weeks were invited to participate in a double-blind, pla-cebo-controlled intervention study comparing treatmenteffects of dexamethasone and ursodeoxycholic acid. Datafrom the 130 women enrolled were analyzed regardingincidence of pruritus and ICP, and patient history, butthey were not included in the calculations concerning theoutcome of the present pregnancy.

Total serum bile acids were analysed with an enzy-matic, colorimetric method (Enzabile, Biostat DiagnosticSystems, Stockport, UK). Aminotransferases were ana-lyzed with standard laboratory methods.

The study protocol was conformed to the ethicalguidelines of the Helsinki Declaration, and the studywas approved by the Swedish Medical Products Agencyand the local Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Med-

Fig. 1. Total number of deliveries in women with pruritus of pregnancy

in a defined area. Women in the observational study were categorized

according to bile acid levels in serum.

468 GLANTZ, MARSCHALL, AND MATTSSON HEPATOLOGY, August 2004

icine at the University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Swe-den.

Statistical Analyses and Stratification. In a firststep, the relationship between serum bile acid levels andfetal complications was analyzed with logistic regressionanalyses. In the next step, logistic regression was com-bined with spline functions. This approach resulted insmooth curves with a higher degree of freedom, allowinga piecewise analysis of subintervals in the curves. It wasthus possible to estimate the relationship between serumbile acid levels and fetal risk in each subinterval. Thisapproach allowed stratification of the patient materialinto three groups: “no ICP” (bile acid levels "10 !mol/L), “mild ICP” (maximum bile acid levels of 10-39!mol), and “severe ICP”(bile acid levels "40 !mol/L atany time) (Fig. 1). The stratified groups were used whendata regarding the patient’s history was analysed and forpresentation of fetal complication rates. Differences be-tween groups were calculated according to the chi-squaremethod. P-values ".05 were considered to be statisticallysignificant.

Correlation between bile acid and alanine transami-nase levels was estimated using Pearson’s correlation test.Correlation between bile acid levels and pruritus was cal-culated using Kendall’s #_b.

Results

All 45,485 pregnancies leading to delivery in the regionduring the study period were screened for ICP. A total of937 women, comprising 2.1% of the pregnant popula-tion, complained of pruritus in pregnancy and were in-cluded in the study. ICP, defined as pruritus in pregnancyin combination with serum bile acids "10 !mol/L, wasfound in 693 women (1.5%). The distribution of maxi-mum bile acids during pregnancy is illustrated in Fig-ure 1.

The 117 women lost to follow-up stated that sponta-neous relief of pruritus (n # 45), discomfort from re-peated venous punctures (n # 18), or the long distancebetween home and hospital (n # 11) were major reasonsfor discontinuation. Thirty-eight women did not explainwhy they stopped attending, and 5 women moved toanother region of Sweden. Some patients lost to follow-upwere tested for total bile acids only once, while others weretested as many as 8 times. Of the women lost to follow-up,58 had bile acid levels "10 !mol/L, and 59 had bile acidlevels 10–29 !mol/L.

Patient HistoryMedical histories were taken from all 820 women who

completed the study (Fig. 1).

Of these, 365 were nulliparas, 280 were primiparas,and 175 were multiparas. The parous women (n # 455)had a total of 684 pregnancies leading to delivery in theirhistories. The frequencies of pruritus, preterm deliveries,and IUFD in previous pregnancies varied, as shown inFigure 2. Four percent of the no ICP group had a historyof preterm delivery, compared to 25% of the severe ICPgroup (P " .001). IUFD had occurred in 1 previouspregnancy in the no ICP group (0.6%) and had not beenassociated with pruritus of pregnancy. However, a historyof previous IUFD was found in 4.1% of women in thesevere ICP group (P " .001). In this group, all prior casesof IUFD had been associated with pruritus of pregnancy.

The prevalence of gallstone disease (defined as priorcholecystectomy or ultrasound-verified gallstones) andheredity for pruritus of pregnancy also varied among thegroups. Gallstone disease was reported by 24 women(2.9%). The prevalence in the different groups were: noICP 0.5%, mild ICP 2.3%, and severe ICP 7.4%, respec-tively (no ICP vs. severe ICP, P " .001). Heredity forpruritus of pregnancy was reported by 173 women(21%), of which 13% did not have ICP, 21% had mildICP, and 30% had severe ICP (no ICP vs. severe ICP, P "

.001).Previous allergic reactions with skin manifestations

had occurred in a total of 25% and did not vary amongthe groups. The total frequency of other atopic conditionssuch as asthma and eczema was 8.8%, but a variationamong the groups was noticed. In the no ICP group, 15%of the patients reported atopy, while 8% in the mild ICPgroup and 3% in the severe ICP group had this condition(no ICP vs. severe ICP, P " .001). The frequency ofpsoriasis was 1.2%, with no difference among the groups.

A total of 733 women were ever-users of oral contra-ceptives, of which 14 women (1.7%) had experiencedpruritus during use.

Fig. 2. Frequencies of pruritus, preterm deliveries and IUFD in previ-

ous pregnancies categorized according to severity of ICP in the present

pregnancy. White bar indicates no ICP (serum bile acids " 10 !mol/L);

gray bar indicates mild ICP (bile acids 10–39 !mol/L); and black bar

indicates severe ICP (bile acids " 40 !mol/L).

HEPATOLOGY, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2004 GLANTZ, MARSCHALL, AND MATTSSON 469

Present PregnancyData concerning the present pregnancy were collected

from the 690 women completing the observational study(Fig. 1).

Fetal Complications. The frequency of spontaneous,preterm birth in singleton pregnancies was 4.3%, andasphyxial events occurred in 7.1%. Meconium staining ofamniotic fluid was noted in 24.8% of the deliveries, andgreen staining of placenta and/or membranes was ob-served in 12.2%.

A correlation was found between bile acid levels andfetal complication rates. Analysis with simple logistic re-gression showed that the probability of preterm delivery,asphyxial events, meconium staining of amniotic fluid,and green-staining of placenta and membranes increasedby 1%–2% for each additional !mol/L of bile acid. Anal-ysis by a combination of spline functions and logisticregression revealed that the probability of preterm deliv-ery, asphyxial events, and green staining of placenta andmembranes did not increase until bile acid levels exceeded40 !mol/L, while the probability of meconium stainingof amniotic fluid started to rise when bile acid levels ex-ceeded 20 !mol/L (Table 1 and Fig. 3A-D ).

The relationship between fetal complication rates andbile acid levels could also be demonstrated by analyzingthe differences in complication rates among the stratifiedgroups, as demonstrated in Figure 4 . Spontaneous pre-term delivery occurred in 2.7% of the no ICP group andin 2.2% of the mild ICP group, and the correspondingfigure was 16.7% in the severe ICP group. Asphyxialevents occurred in 5.4% of the no ICP group, 6.3% of themild ICP group, and 13.5% of the severe ICP group. Theoccurrence of meconium staining of amniotic fluid was21% in the no ICP group, compared to 44% in the severeICP group. Green staining of placenta and membranesalso differed among the no ICP group (8%), the mild ICPgroup (11%), and the severe ICP group (25%). The ratesof all complications differed between the severe ICPgroup and the other groups (preterm delivery, and meco-

nium staining of amniotic fluid, placenta, and mem-branes, P " 0.001; asphyxial events, P " .01).

The total prematurity rate was 11.7%, including pre-term birth in multiple pregnancies and iatrogenic prema-ture deliveries due to the severity of complications orsymptoms. The total prematurity rate was higher in thesevere ICP group (P " .001) than in the other groups.The total planned delivery rate in term pregnancies was25%, of which 18% were planned inductions of labor and7% were elective cesarean sections. The planned deliveryrate in term pregnancies was 21% in the no ICP group,24% in the mild ICP group, and 32% in the severe ICPgroup (Fig. 5).

IUFDs. Three IUFDs occurred during the observa-tion period (3/690, or 0.4%). One was a singleton preg-nancy with onset of pruritus in the 34th week of gestation.Bile acids were 94 !mol/L at inclusion in the 36th week,and IUFD was discovered when labor started spontane-ously a few days later. The second IUFD occurred in atwin pregnancy, with onset of pruritus in the 24th week ofgestation. At inclusion in the 25th week of gestation, bileacids were 130 !mol/L. At the next checkup, 4 days later,1 twin was dead, and the patient spontaneously gave birthto a vital albeit premature baby in the 28th week of ges-tation. The third case was also a twin pregnancy, withonset of pruritus in the 36th week of gestation. Bile acidswere 27 !mol/L. At a routine checkup a few days later,the second twin was found to be dead. Spontaneous onsetof labor started in the 39th week of gestation, but thepatient was delivered by an acute cesarean section. A tightknot on the umbilical cord of the dead twin was found,while the other twin was healthy.

CTG. CTG-surveillance of the fetuses was performedon 1,479 occasions at scheduled checkups before onset oflabor. In 52 cases, the CTG registration was assessed aspathological and required prolonged or repeated registra-tions. In all but 2 cases, the CTG registrations normalizedspontaneously. These 2 patients were referred to the de-livery ward for induction of labor and gave birth vaginally

Table 1. Bile Acid Level-Correlated Probability of Fetal Complications

Variable " SE

Odds Ratio*

(95% CI) P Value

Preterm delivery Constant $3.7836 0.2631

Bile acids 0.0209 0.0041 1.02 (1.01–1.03) ".001

Asphyxial events Constant $2.8940 0.1916

Bile acids 0.0117 0.0037 1.01 (1.00–1.02) .0016

Meconium passage Constant $1.5962 0.1245

Bile acids 0.0159 0.0032 1.02 (1.01–1.02) ".001

Green staining of placenta/membranes Constant $2.4675 0.1612

Bile acids 0.0148 0.0034 1.01 (1.01–1.02) ".001

*The odds ratio corresponds to the comparisons of risk between two levels of bile acids, where the second value is one unit (!mol/L) higher than the first. The odds

ratio 1.02 states that the risk of an event increases by 2% for each additional unit of bile acid.

470 GLANTZ, MARSCHALL, AND MATTSSON HEPATOLOGY, August 2004

to healthy infants without asphyxial events. No CTG ab-normalities requiring immediate operative delivery wererecorded.

Age, Parity, Onset of Pruritus and Blood Loss.There was no difference among the stratified groups re-garding age and parity. The median gestational age atonset of pruritus was in the 31st week. A trend, not reach-ing statistical significance, toward later onset of pruritusin more severe ICP forms was recorded (no ICP, 27thweek of gestation; mild ICP, 31st week of gestation; andsevere ICP, 33rd week of gestation, respectively). Esti-mated blood loss in vaginal deliveries did not differamong the groups (median, 400 mL for all groups; mean,423–484 mL).

Correlation Coefficients, Twin Pregnancies, andPruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Preg-nancy. No patient presented with clinical jaundice. Thecorrelation coefficient between serum bile acids and esti-mated intensity of pruritus on a visual analogue scale was0.108 (P " .01). The correlation coefficient between bileacids and alanine aminotransferase was 0.349 (P " .01).There were 38 twin pregnancies in the observationalstudy, comprising 5.5% of the pregnancies. Pruritic urti-carial papules and plaques of pregnancy was diagnosed bya dermatologist in 11 cases, of which 10 also had ICP. Thefrequency of pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of

pregnancy in this study was 1/63 pregnancies, comparedto an expected frequency of 1/130–1/300.13,14

Discussion

In this prospective study, more than 45,000 pregnantwomen were screened for ICP, and the incidence of fetalcomplications in these pregnancies was investigated. Thedata were comprehensively collected, according to Swed-ish health care system routines.

In our experience, women with severe pruritus inpregnancy seek help and are willing to cooperate toattain relief of symptoms. It is therefore unlikely thatthere were many nonparticipating women with pruri-tus and elevated bile acid levels during the study pe-riod. We therefore believe that the patient material inthis study is representative of a pregnant population inSweden.

Pruritus occurred in 2.1% of the pregnancies. Amongthese cases, ICP was diagnosed when fasting serum bileacid levels were "10 !mol/L, as was the case in 1.5% ofthe pregnancies, in concordance with a previous Swedishstudy.9 In contrast to that study, which did not includebile acids as a diagnostic criterion, we found an increasedfetal risk associated with ICP and, more importantly, abile acid level distinguishing 2 degrees of risk.

Fig. 3. Probability of (A) preterm deliveries, (B) asphyxial events, (C) meconium staining of amniotic fluid, and (D) green staining of placenta and

membranes in relation to serum bile acid levels (!mol/L) analyzed with simple logistic regression (thick line) and spline functions (medium line),

the latter with 95% CI (thin line).

HEPATOLOGY, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2004 GLANTZ, MARSCHALL, AND MATTSSON 471

There was an overall positive correlation between fetalcomplication rates in ICP patients and the level of totalbile acids in maternal serum. Logistic regression analysesdemonstrated that the probability of fetal complicationssuch as spontaneous preterm deliveries, asphyxial events,and meconium staining of amniotic fluid, placenta andmembranes increased by 1%–2% for each additional!mol/L of bile acid. However, use of the refined tech-nique of spline functions revealed that the probability ofthese events did not increase until bile acid levels exceeded40 !mol/L. Up to this level the incidence of fetal compli-cations in ICP patients did not differ significantly fromthat in a normal pregnancy. A majority of the womenwith ICP (81%) had serum bile acids between 10 and 39!mol/L without increased rate of fetal complications,whereas 19% were found to have serum bile acids "40!mol/L associated with a raised fetal risk. These dataactually prove for the first time a relationship between theseverity of ICP and fetal complications. That low levels ofserum bile acids confer minimal fetal risk is also clinicallyimportant.

ICP has been reported to be associated to an increasedrisk of IUFD.3–6 In this study, a low frequency of IUFDwas recorded (3/690, or 0.4%), similar to rates found inthe normal pregnant population in Sweden.15 We assumethat the low incidence of IUFD was due to increasedattention devoted to ICP and its symptoms during thestudy, which might have led to early intervention. Thishypothesis may be substantiated by the high rates of in-duction of labor and planned cesarean section (25%).Planned delivery before term in women with ICP hasbeen reported to protect against IUFD.2–5 The frequencyof IUFD in previous pregnancies in the study populationwas 1.3%. Interestingly, there was a striking differencebetween IUFD in previous pregnancies reported in the noICP group (0.6%) and in the severe ICP group (4.1%)

(P " .01). This observation might indicate an associationbetween severity of the disease and IUFD.

The incidence of intrapartal meconium staining of am-niotic fluid varies between 17% and 24 % in a normalpregnant population16 and is considered as a warning sig-nal of possible fetal distress. It is, however, also knownfrom animal models that high maternal bile acid levelsstimulate fetal colonic motility, causing the fetus to voidmeconium.17 In our material, the probability of meco-nium passage and green staining of placenta and mem-branes increased gradually in relation to elevated bile acidlevels in an almost linear fashion, calculated with simplelogistic regression. In the stratified groups, the frequenciesof meconium passage were 21% in the no ICP group and22% in the mild ICP group, suggesting that ICP with bileacid levels below 40 !mol/L does not affect the colonicmotility of the fetus. These findings were in contrast tothose of the severe ICP group, in which meconium pas-sage was observed in 44%.

The mechanisms of preterm delivery in ICP are stillunclear, but they have been discussed in light of in vitrofindings indicating that myometrial cell preparationsfrom ICP women show a more intense response to oxy-tocin stimuli than do cells from healthy women.18 A re-cent article describes that myometrial strips from healthywomen show an increased response to oxytocin and anincreased oxytocin-receptor expression after being incu-bated with cholic acid.19

Family clustering and a large demographic variation,with the highest incidence figures of ICP reported fromChile-Bolivia and Scandinavia, support the hypothesis ofa substantial hereditary component of the disease, but themolecular genetic background has yet to be determined.1

Fig. 4. Fetal complication rates in pregnant women with ICP. White

bar indicates no ICP; gray bar indicates mild ICP; and black bar

indicates severe ICP.

Fig. 5. Timing of spontaneous and planned deliveries in women,

categorized according to severity of ICP. Dark gray bar indicates spon-

taneous singleton preterm delivery; striped bar indicates spontaneous

twin preterm delivery/preterm induction or preterm cesarean section;

medium gray bar indicates planned induction or planned cesarean

section after 37 weeks of gestation; and light gray bar indicates

spontaneous onset of labor after 37 weeks of gestation. The arrows

indicate the total prematurity rate.

472 GLANTZ, MARSCHALL, AND MATTSSON HEPATOLOGY, August 2004

Our data revealed a correlation between a history of gall-stone disease and the severity of ICP in the present preg-nancy. In the no ICP group, 0.5% of the women reportedgallstone disease, compared to 7.4% in the severe ICPgroup (P " .001). A 2-fold increase in the prevalence ofgallstone disease among women with ICP has previouslybeen reported.20 A recent report stated that genetic factorswere responsible for at least 30% of symptomatic gall-stone disease,21 supporting the hypothesis that ICP andgallstone disease might at least to some extent have a com-mon, underlying genetic explanation.

Twin pregnancies constituted 5.3% of all pregnanciesin this study, which is in concordance with previous re-ports indicating a 5-fold increase of ICP in twin pregnan-cies, compared to singleton pregnancies.22

In this study, the correlation between bile acid levelsand alanine aminotransferase was poor. However, a weakcorrelation between bile acid levels and reported prurituswas found, but the subjective symptoms cannot predictseverity of the disease in terms of bile acid concentrations.Accordingly, the clinical relevance of alanine aminotrans-ferase for diagnosis and surveillance of ICP is question-able.

Of all pregnant women with pruritus, 26% did notshow any laboratory signs of ICP. This group had anearlier onset of pruritus and reported a significantlyhigher frequency of atopic diseases (asthma, eczema)than the other groups, implying that pruritus mighthave been of dermatological origin in these cases.Atopic dermatitis is more likely to deteriorate than toremit in pregnancy.23

In some countries, especially Sweden and Chile-Bo-livia, ICP patients constitute a fairly large patient group.We suggest that pregnant women with pruritus should besurveilled with repeated determinations of serum bile ac-ids. Patients could be managed expectantly when bile acidlevels remain below 40 !mol/L. Our data do not indicatethat this group would benefit from induction of laborbefore term. Symptomatic treatment, such as H1-receptorblockers or ursodeoxycholic acid, should be offered tothese women.24 Fetuses of ICP patients with higher serumbile acids are exposed to increased risks. CTG was notproven to be of any value for detection of fetal risk in thesewomen.

Induction of labor in the 38th week of gestation haspreviously been shown to reduce fetal risk.4 This studyindicated that active management should be restricted tothe group with bile acids "40 !mol/L. Since this groupconstitutes only 19% of the ICP population, the costs ofmedical care could hereby be reduced significantly. If ges-tational age does not permit induction of labor, it seemsreasonable to administer pharmacological treatment to

reduce bile acid levels and provide relief from pruritus.Ursodeoxycholic acid has yielded promising results in asmall, randomized, placebo-controlled study25 but hasnot been approved for treatment of ICP as yet.

In conclusion, pruritus of pregnancy was reportedby 2.1% of pregnant women in western Sweden. Theincidence of ICP, defined as pruritus in pregnancy andbile acid levels "10 !mol/L, was 1.5%. The majorityof ICP patients (81%) had a mild form of the condition(bile acids 10 –39 !mol/L). These women were ex-posed to the same risk of fetal complications as anordinary obstetrical population, and we therefore pro-pose that these women be managed expectantly, whichwould significantly reduce the costs of medical care. Asevere form of ICP occurred in 19%. With bile acids"40 !mol/L, these patients suffered a significantlyhigher rate of fetal complications such as asphyxialevents, spontaneous preterm deliveries, and meconiumstaining of amniotic fluid, placenta, and membranes,compared to women with normal bile acid levels andwomen with mild ICP.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank all midwivesand obstetricians in the Vastra Gotaland region for pro-viding and caring for study patients; Thorkild Nielsen,Elisabeth Almstrom, Tomas Gredmark, Margareta Hell-gren, and Mona Soderlund for critically reviewing thestudy design; study nurse Ann Christiansson, who was ofinvaluable help in coordinating the study centers; andAnders Oden for professional assistance with the ad-vanced statistical calculations.

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11.) Herodotus, The History of Herodotus, Bk. I & II, 1956 12.) Hoffman, Jay Milton., Hunza: 15 Secrets of the World's Healthiest and Oldest Living People, 1985 [synopsis extract of as Appendix G] 13.) Hotema, Hilton, The Great Law, 1962 14.) James. George, Stolen Legacy, 1976. 15.) Kellogg, John Harvey, The Natural Diet of Man, 1923 16.) Kulvinskas, Viktoras H., Survival in the Twenty First Century: Planetary Healers Manual, 1975

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35.) Szekely, Edmond, The Essene Way: Biogenic Living, International Biogenic Society. 1986

36.) Tompkins. Peter, Secrets of the Great Pyramid, 1978 7 36.) Tompkins, P. and Bird. C., Secret Life of Plants, 1989

38.) Tompkins, P. and Bird. C., Secrets of the Soil: New Solutions for Restoring Our Planet, 1998

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6.) Walker, Norman Wardhaugh (N.W.), The Vegetarian Guide to Diet and Salad, 1971 7.) Walker, N.W., Colon Health: The Key to a Vibrant Life, 1977

8.) Walker, N.W., Fresh Vegetable and Fruit Juices: What’s Missing in Your Body, 1978 9.) Walker, N.W., Become Younger, 1949 Note: N.W. Walker lived to be 99 ½ years just missing his Centurion goal. 10.) Singleton, George W, Original Prevention of Sickness: General Nutrition Instructions, 1997, rev. 2005 [Appendixes H-1, H-2] __ free e-Book download link on http://www.theuniversityofgod.org/page8.html

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2.) Burkitt, DP, “The Etiological Significance of Related Diseases” Canadian Family Physician, V. 22 pp 63-71, 1976

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American National Security Health Issue Omission Resolution _ Green Paper _ p 43

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7.) Chao, Ann, et al, “Meat Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer, JAMA, V. 293, pp 172-82, January, 2005 8.) Norat, Teresa, et al, “Meat, Fish and Colorectal Cancer Risk: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition,” Journal of the (British) National Cancer Institute, V. 97 (12), pp. 906-16, June, 2005 9.) Beliveau, Richard and Gingras, Denis, Role of Nutrition in Preventing Cancer”, Canadian Family Physician, V. 53 (11), pp 1950-11, 2007

10.) Ornish, D., et al, ”Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease” JAMA, 1998, 280: 2001- 2007

11.) Reis, JP, et al, “Low vitamin D levels associated with several risk factors in teenagers” presented at American Heart Association 49 th Conference, March 11, 2009

12.) Sinha, Rashmi, et al, “Meat Intake and Mortality”

Archives of Internal Medicine, V. 169, No. 6, March 23, 2009

13.) Craig, W. J., et al, “Health Effects of Vegan Diet” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, V. 89, No. 5 May 2009

14.) Ornish, Dean, “Mostly Plants” [Appendix E] editorial in American Journal of Cardiology (AJC), May, 2009

15.) Kleiner, Susan M. “Is it Hip and Healthy to be Vegan?”

Fitness Rx Magazine linked at http://www.powereating.com/topic-of-the-month/index.php, 2009

16.) Wilper, Andrew P., et al, “Health Insurance and Mortality in U.S. Adults” published on line and to be printed in the American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 99, Issue 12, December, 2009

E. Cholesterol Metabolism Research (by earliest to recent publishing date)

1.) Kennaway, E. L. and Hieger, I, “Carcinogenic Substances and their Fluorescence Spectra,” British Medical Journal, V. 1 (3662), 1930, pp. 1044 - 46

2.) Hieger, Izrael “The Spectra of Cancer Producing Tars and Oils and Related Substances,” Biochemical Journal, V. 24 (2), pp. 505-61, 1930

3.) Hieger, Izrael, “Carcinogenic Substances in Human Tissue,”

Cancer Research, V 6, pp 657- 67, 1946

4.) Hieger, Izrael, “Carcinogenic Activity of preparations rich in Cholesterol,” Nature, V. 160, pp 270- 71, 1947

5.) Hieger, Izrael, “Carcinogenic Activity of Lipoid Substances,” British Journal of Cancer, V. 3, pp 123-39, 1949

6.) Hieger Izrael, and Orr, S.F.D., “On the Carcinogenic Activity of Purified Cholesterol,”

British Journal of Cancer, V. 8 (2), pp 274-90, 1954

7.) Hieger, Izrael, “Cholesterol as a Carcinogen,” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B (Biological Sciences), V. 147, pp 84-89, 1957

8.) Hieger, Izrael, “Cholesterol Carcinogenesis,”

British Medical Bulletin, V. 14, pp 159-160, 1958

9.) Hieger, Izrael, “Carcinogenesis of Cholesterol,”

British Journal of Cancer, V. 8 (3), pp 439-51, 1959

10.) Hieger, Izrael Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum, V. 15, p. 603, Geneva, Switzerland, 1960 11.) Hieger, Izrael, Carcinogenesis, Academic Press, London, England, 1961 12.) Hieger, Izrael, “Cholesterol as Carcinogen_ I. Sarcoma Induction by Cholesterol in a

Sensitive Strain of Mice,” British Journal of Cancer, V 16 (4) pp 716-21, 1962

13.) Nair, Padmanabhan P., “Role of Bile Acids and Neutral Sterols in Carcinogenesis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, V 48 (3), pp 768-74, 1988 14.) Westover, EJ and Covey, DF, “The Enantiomer of Cholesterol, J Membrane Biol., V 202, pp 61-72

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15.) Xu, Fang, et al, “Dual Roles for Cholesterol in mammalian cells,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, V 102 (41), pp 14551-56, 2005

F. Bile Acid Metabolism Research: Adult Human (by earliest to recent publishing date) 1.) Cook, JW, Kennaway, EC, Kennaway, NM, “Production of tumors in mice by deoxycholic acid”, Nature, 145, pp 627, 1940

2.) Samuelsson, B. “Bile Acids and Steroids: On the mechanism of the biological formation of deoxycholic acid from Cholic Acid,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, V. 235, 361, No. 2, February, 1960 3.) Lacassagne, A., Buu-Hoi, NP, Zajeda, F. “Carcinogenic activity of apolcholic acid”, Nature, 190, pp1007-8, 1961

4.) Gustafsson, B., E., et al, “Isolated fecal microorganisms capable of 7-alpha dehydroxylating bile acids,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, 123: 413, 1966

5.) Sauter, G. et al, ”Formation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid from 7-alpha hydroxycholesterol and 27- hydroxycholesterol by primary cultures of human hepatocytes,”

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Lipids and Lipid Matabolism, V. 1300, Issue 1 pp 25-29, March, 1966

6.) Hill, MJ, et al, “Degradation of bile salts by human intestinal bacteria,” Gut Journal, V. 9, pp 22-27, September, 1968 7.) Aries, Vivienne C., et al, “Degradation of bile salts by human intestinal bacteria,” Gut Journal, V. 10, pp 575-76, 1969 8.) Aries, Vivienne C., et al, “Bacteria and aetiology of cancer of the large bowel,” Gut Journal, V. 10, pp 334-35, 1969

9.) Aries, Vivienne C. and MJ. Hill, “The formation of Unsaturated Bile Acids by Intestinal Bacteria,” Proceedings of the Biochemical Society, V. 119, pp37-38, 1970 10.) Aries, Vivienne, C. and Hill, M.J. “Degradation of Sterods by Intestinal Bacteria II,” Biochem, Biophys Acta, V. 202, pp. 535, 1970 11.) Aries, Vivienne, C., et al, “The effect of a strict vegetarian diet on the faecal flora and faecal steroid concentration,” British Journal of Pathology, V. 103, pp 54-56, 1971

12.) Hill, MJ et al, “Bacteria and aetiology of cancer of large bowl”, Lancet, 1: 95, 1971 13.) Midtvedt, Tore,MD., “Microbial bile acid transformation”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, V. 27, pp 1341- 1347, November, 1974

14.) Lavy, U., et al, “Bile acid synthesis in man: II. Determination of 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol, (22R)-22- hydroxycholesterol, and 26-hydroxycholesterol in human meconium,” J. of Lipid Research, V. 18, pp 232-238, 1977

15.) Uchida, K. et al, “Effect of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in rats,” Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 27 pp 193-204, 1977

16.) Fedorowski, T, et al, “Transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid by human intestinal bacteria”, Gastroenterology J., 77 (5) pp. 1068-73, November, 1979

17.) Ayaki, Y. et al, “Role of endogenous and exogenous cholesterol in liver as the precursor for bile acids in rats,” Steroids, 38 (5) pages 495-509, November, 1981

18.) Hirano, S, et al, “In vitro transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid by human intestinal flora, with particular reference to the mutual conversion between the two bile acids”, Journal of Lipid Research, V. 22, pp. 735-743, 1981 19.) Kaul, HK, et al, “Genotoxicity of 2 fecal steroids in murine colonic epithelium assessed by sister chromatid exchange technique, “ Mutagenesis, V 2 (6) pp 441-44, 1987 20.) Owen, RW et al, “Biological transformations of Bile acids by Clostridium” Journal of Microbiology, V 30., pp 233-38, 1985 21.) Sylvestor, PW, et al, “Comparative effects of different animal and vegetable fats fed before and during carcinogen

administration on mammary tumorigenesis, sexual maturation, and endocrine function in rats”, J. Cancer Research, 46 (2) pp 757-62, Feb, 1986

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22.) Owen, R.W. et al, “Fecal steroids and colorectal cancer”, Journal of Nutrition and Cancer, 9 (2-3), pp. 73-80, 1987 23.) Korpela, JT, et al, “Fecal free and conjugated bile acids and neutral sterols in vegetarians, omnivores, and patients

with colorectal cancer”, Scandinavian J. Gastroenterology, 23 (3) pp 277-83, April, 1988

24.) Nair, Padmanabhan, P., “Role of bile acids and neutral sterols in carcinogenesis”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48, pp 768-74, 1988

25.) Rao, AV, et al “The role of dietary phytosterols in colon carcinogenesis”, J. Nutrition and Cancer, 18 (1) pp. 43-52, January, 1992 26.) Bayerdorffer, Ekkehard, et al, “Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Increased Low-Density Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas”, Annuals of International Medicine, V. 118 (7), pp. 481-487, April 1, 1993

27.) Reiss, AR, et al, “Sterol 27-hydroxylase: high levels of activity in vascular epithelium,” J. of Lipid Research, V. 35, pp. 1026-1030, 1994 28.) Hamada, K, et al, “In vitro formation of DNA adducts with bile acids”, Carcinogenesis, V 15 (9) pp. 1911-1915, 1994 29.) Javett, Norman B. “Bile Acid Synthesis from Cholesterol: Regulatory and Auxiliary Pathways,” NY University Medical Center, NYC, NY, 1994

30.) Nagengast, F.M., et al, “Role of bile acids in colorectal carcinogenesis,” European Journal of Cancer, V. 31, Issue 7, pp. 1067-1070, April, 1995 31.) Kishida, T, et al, “Analysis of bile acids in colon residual liquid or fecal material in patients with colorectal neoplasms and control subjects,” J. Gastroenterology, 32 (3), pp 306-11, June, 1997 32.) Ogawa, A. et al, “Lithocholic Acid, a Putative Tumor Promoter Inhibits Mammalian DNA Polymerase Beta”, Japanese Journal of Cancer research, V. 84, Issue 11, pp. 1154-1159, November, 1998 33.) Baijal, PK, et al, “Comparative effects of secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids, on aberrant crypt foci growth in the postinitiation phases of colon carcinogenesis,”

J Nutri. & Cancer, 31(2), pp 81-9, February, 1998 34.) Kozoni, V., et al, “The effect of lithocholic acid on proliferation and apoptosis during the early stages of colon

carcinogenesis: differential effect on apoptosis in the presence of a colon carcinogen,” J. of Carcinogenesis, V. 21, No 5 pp 999-1005, May, 2000

35.) Makishima, Makoto, PhD, et al, “Vitamin D Receptor as an Intestinal Bile Acid Sensor,” [Appendix C] Science, May 17, 2002 36.) Ornish, D. “Statins and the soul of medicine”, editorial, Am Journal of Cardiology, V. 89, pp. 1286-1290, June, 2002.

37.) Debruyne, PR, et al, “Bile Acids stimulate invasion and hapatotaxis in human colorectal cancer cells through activation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways,” Oncogene, 21 pp. 6740-50, 2002 38.) van Faassen, A, et al, “Serum bile acids and risk factors for colorectal cancer,” British Journal of Cancer, V. 90, pp 632-34, 2004 39.) Soma, T., et al, “Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates the progression of human esophageal cancer cells: A possible mechanism of angiogenesis in patients with esophageal cancer,” Cancer, 15 (4), pp 771-82, 2006 40.) Shea, Heidi C, et al, “Analysis of HSD3B7 knockout mice reveals that 3 alpha-hydroxyl stereochemistry is required for bile acid function,” Proc. National Academy of Sciences, V. 104(28), pp 11526-33, 2007

41.) Skjelbred CF, et al, “Meat, vegetables and genetic polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal carcinomas and adenomas,” BMC Cancer. 7: 228, Dec 19, 2007

42.) Tong, Jin Lu, et al, “Association between Fecal Bile Acids and Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies”, Yonsei Med J.; 49 (5): 792–803, October 3, 2008

G. Bile Acid Metabolism Research: Fetus, Neonatal, Infant, Child Human (by earliest to recent publishing date) 1.) Marin, Jose, JG, et al, “Molecular basis of the excretion of fetal bile acids and pigments through the fetal liver- placenta-maternal liver pathway,” Annals of Hepatology, V. 4 No. 5, pp 70-6, 2004 2.) Glantz, Anna, et al, “Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy: Relationships Between Bile Acid Levels and Fetal Complication Rates”, Hepatology J, V 40, No. 2, pp 467-74, 2004

RESUME

GEORGE ("AAKHUN") WASHINGTON SINGLETON Ill Address: 6135 Riverview Drive e-Mail: hopela@hopelausa.org Indianapolis, IN. 46208 USA Web Site: www.hopelausa.org 317-293-1519 Birth Date: 01/13/49 Ethnicity: Black Indian [African American, African Moor, Native American (North Carolina Cherokee and Mississippi Choctaw) Mixed Blood] Social Security: 311-54-4575 Birth Place: Charlotte, NC., USA A. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY: 1.) Public Schools #29 and #42 Elementary & Junior High School Indianapolis, Indiana 1955-1962 Achievements: * Skipped Grade 2, recommended skipping Grade 6 declined * Graduated 2nd out of 98 in grade point average 2.) Shortridge Public High School College Prep Degree Indianapolis, Indiana *science major (ranked nationally in the *math and history minors top ten high schools) 1962-1966 Achievements: * Graduated 32 out of 480 in grade point average * National Honor Society * Key Club (Kiwanis) State Treasurer * Senior Class Treasurer ‘ * Band & Orchestra Band Master * City-wide Band Member 3.) University of Chicago College Pre-Med Prep: B.A. Degree * Chicago, Illinois *General biology major 1966-1970 *Math and history minors Achievements: * Academic Scholarship all 4 years * Worked Term-time 20 hours\week * Studied political economics with author Robert Rhodes, PhD. 4.) University of Illinois School of Dentistry Chicago. Illinois * Bio-Dental courses 1970

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 2 5.) George Washington University School of Engineering Washington, D.C. * Managerial Systems Analysis 1975 * Accounting 6.) Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond, Virginia * Bio-Medical courses 1976-1977 Achievements: * Entrance letter of recommendation from U.S. Congressman Andrew Young. 7.) International Monastery: Doctor of Herbology (HD) Degree University of Eternal Light Priest of Theology Degree Consciousness Alfred "Dr. Roots" Patterson, HD. Apprenticeship Coordinator Los Angeles, CA 1984-1986 Achievements: * Documented via experimental anthropology the history and technologies of the primordial Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) system as found in ancient Egypt (the Annu peoples), ancient Peru (the Inca), ancient Mezo-America (the Toltec, Mayans and later Aztecs), ancient Israel (the Esenne), ancient North America (the Mississippi River Valley Mound Builders and Four Corner's Anastazi) and modern Hunza Province of Pakistan (the Hunzacuts); and refined it to the modern challenges of growing “organic” food in semi-arid and desert, short growing season and marginal land use areas. * Documented the Pre-Dynastic and Dynastic History of the Ancient Egyptian Mystery School of Annu (On) and its spirituality system the “Path of Aten” made famous by monotheist Pharaoh Akhenaton and Queen Nefertiti at their short lived sustainable city of Amarna (Akhetaten). * Researched & developed the Ancient Egyptian Mystery School of Annu (On) holistic herbology system (nutritional & medicinal) and its use of “radionics” (pendulum) practiced by Vizar Imhotep and refined it to modern herbological practice. * Further documented and verified the black African Annu peoples as the founders of the pre-dynastic and dynastic Ancient Egyptian and Nile River Valley cultures first identified by French Egyptologist Abbe' Emile Amelineau (1899 & 1916) & Senegalese Nuclear Physicist Chek Anka Diop (1954).

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 3 B. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY: 1.) U.S. Postal Service Position: Clerk Parcel Post Division Chicago, lllinois 1970-1972 2.) MIND, Inc. Position: Employment Counselor New York City, N.Y. (subcontracted to the Baltimore Maryland Employment Office) Baltimore, Maryland 1972- 1973 3.) Synergistic Research & Development Position: Project Director Columbia, Maryland Founder 1973 -1974 Accomplishments: * Prepared the proposal for a Data Processing Center on the

Quechan Indian Tribe; and led the presentation to both the Tribe and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).

4.) Control Data Corporation Position : Management Analyst Arlington, Virginia 1974 -1976 Accomplishments: * Developed proposal and Project Directed a Rural Health

Research and Development evaluation study for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Secretary (‘75).

* Recipient of CDC’s Regional Award for Work Excellence (‘74). * Led “in house” development of an innovative policy formation

information system, resulting in a proposal to the National Science Foundation (‘75-76). 5.) JWK International, Co. Position: Project Manager Annandale, Virginia 1977 Accomplishments: * Project Managed the “first phase” of a policy department information system for the U.S./DHEW/Division of Rehabilitation Services.

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 4 6.) Synergistic Research & Development, Inc. Position: Executive Director Washington, D.C. Founder 1977-1980 Accomplishments: * Received an “Outstanding Service and Contribution to Navajo Food and Nutrition” Award in 1979 from the Navajo Tribe Food and Nutrition Services (FNS), Window Rock, AZ. * Developed proposal & project directed the Navajo Tribe FNS “Solar Greenhouse & Organic Gardening Project" (‘77- 80). * Helped raise over one million dollars ($1,000,000) in grants for the Navajo Indian Tribe FNS.

* Federal level advocacy for the Navajo Tribe leading to the expansion of the W.I.C. and Donated Food Programs (‘79).

7.) Blacqendian Royal Coop Association Position: Executive Director (BRCA) Founder Fort Defiance, Arizona Navajo Indian Reservation 1980-1984 Accomplishments: * Developed the proposal and Project Directed the Navajo Tribe/Manuelito Chapter’s “Biological Garden and Cooperative Food Warehouse Project” funded by the U.S. Administration on Native Americans (‘82).

* System designed and Project Managed the CPA certified accounting system for the Manuelito Chapter Governnment’s project cited above; the system operation passing Tribal audit (‘82-83). * Operated the Fort Defiance Senior Citizen Council (SCC) solar greenhouse and installed a “biological garden” on the Fort Defiance Chapter compound after 10 years of SCC failure (‘81-84). * Conducted the corruption investigation including financial analysis for the Navajo Tribe\Fort Defiance Chapter Vice- President; leading to the resignation of several persons involved and prevention\remediation actions (‘83-84). * Conducted several community policy development workshops on the prevention and monitoring of local government corruption on the Navajo Reservation (‘84). * Developed and prepared proposal selected for funding by the U.S. Department of Labor to establish an “alternative high school” on the Fort Defiance Chapter Compound (‘84).

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 5 7.) BRCA (continued) Accomplishments: (continued) * Lectured on minority history and “biological agriculture” at the Fort Defiance AZ. High School (‘83-84) and the Crownpoint

NM. Skill Center (‘82). * Consultant to the Community Warehouse (Washington,

D.C.) in “biological agriculture’ at its Delaware, Maryland and Jamaica, West Indies land sites (‘80-81). * Refined the ancient “biological gardening” system in a prototype private site in the Navajo Reservation’s Oak Canyon Chapter area; including a solar greenhouse home scale design (‘82-83). * Developed and implemented proposal originally for the Community Warehouse, to cooperatively import from Jamaica, West Indies & distribute nationally “organic” food duty free with “biological insecticides” (‘80-84). 8.) Blacqendian Royal Coop Association Position: Executive Director (BRCA) Los Angeles, CA 1984-1992 Accomplishments: * Developed a 1/4 acre prototype urban garden demonstrating the “biological agriculture” system (‘86). * Established an innovative “organic” food retail outlet utilizing volunteer labor with commercially comparable prices (‘87). * Demonstrated a home delivery of “organic” food operation with prices comparable to commercial food retail outlets (‘88). * Conducted “organic” gardening course in the Los Angeles Unified Public School District (LAUPSD) “alternative high schools" Whitney Young HS and John Hope HS (‘89-90). * Developed proposal for Sustainable Life Science Curriculum for LAUPSD especially targeting inner city youth (‘89). * Project Directed the establishment of a “biological garden” in the Twin Lakes Chapter (New Mexico) on the Navajo Indian Reservation as an ongoing training center (‘88- 92). * Conducted weekly to monthly public education series of lectures covering health, history & political economics (‘88-92).

* Delivered lectures at Cal State L.A. and Long Beach California Universities; and Los Angeles' CA. City and El Camino Junior Colleges and Fremont High School

RESUME

George W. Singleton pg. 6

9.) Rainbow Natural Foods Distributing Position: Operations Manager Los Angeles County, CA 1988-1990 Accomplishments: * Established 12 midnight open dock policy ‘Designed and implemented a manual inventory and management Information system; flow charted on HDQ Controller request * Charged with upkeep of computerized inventory subsystem and its validation via manual system

* Demonstrated the concept of a “holistic” produce operations manager simultaneously overseeing the office and dock floor procedures

* Monitored the inventory via computer and manual systems for internal security purposes

* Handled Saturday cooperative customers and documented any produce donations to non-profit organizations

* Proposed concept of a “holistic” produce distribution operation 10.) BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc. Positon: Executive Project Director Los Angeles, CA 1992-1995

Accomplishments: * USDA\Forest Service Grant #92-LA- 5 funding the Hope LA Horticulture Corps Project that achieved CNN (Cable Network News), Associated Press coverage and L.A. City Council Commendation as a 2 year horticulture training program for gang and at risk youth and young adults

* Contracted Master Gardener for the USDA\Forest Service funded project at the L.A. County Probation Department and L.A. County Board of Education’s Camp Karl Holten Detention High School administered by Dignity of Man\Offspring Urban Farms Inc.

* Established the “John Hope High School Botanical Garden and Arboretum and Horticulture Program which was judged overall second place winner in the L.A. Botanical Garden

Contest 1993, with first and second place winners in 1994 and 1995

• Executive Producer of “Lost Woman” Music Video featuring the single from the Light and Sound Band album “Annu Ancestors” (Transformation of South Central, L.A. Vol.1)

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 7 10.) BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc. (continued) Accomplishments: (continued)

* Designed the “Transformation of South Central, (L.A.) Demonstration”, a holistic enviro-economic development

project based on the concepts of “urban sustainable agri- forestry”, sustainable small scale economic development and synergistic political-economics

* Founded the Coalition for the Transformation of South Central and the annual CTSC Conference directed at implementing the TSC Demonstration through a network of corporate, government and grassroots organizations and individuals ('93 -'95) * Designed, funded and demonstrated via the L.A. Unified School District and the L.A. County Board of Supervisors the Sustainable Life Science Curriculum especially directed at the scientific employment and survival skills of gang and at risk youth and young adults ('92 - '95)

* Produced the ‘94 & ‘95 Earthday Benefit Concert: Transformation of South Central, L.A., UCLA Pauley Pavilion 11.) BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc. Position: Executive Project Director Indianapolis, IN. 1995-1999 Accomplishments: * Delivered on site Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) Technical Assistance to organizations and individual land owners in CA., AZ., NM., TX., TN. , CT., NY., VT., VA., FL., GA., IN. & OR. * Established Sustainable Agri-Forestry demonstration sites in Tucson, AZ.; Bedford Styvesant, NYC, NY.; Watts- South Central, Los Angeles, CA.; San Francisco, CA.; Nevada City, CA.; Navajo Indian Nation (AZ. & NM.); Ridgway & Durango, CO.; East Dummerston, VT.; Chattanooga, TN.; Bridgeport, CT.; Houston and Austin, TX.; Charlottesville and Richmond, VA.; Atlanta GA., Santa Fe, NM. and Indianapolis, IN. * Presented the SAF Model to the 1998 Bioneer's Conference in San Francisco, CA. * Attended via $7000 Scholarship the 1997 San Francisco, CA. State of the World Forum (SWF) & Presented the SAF Model to SWF Sustainable Agricultural Roundtable

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 8 12.) BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc. Position: Executive Project Director Brattleboro, VT. 1999 - 2001 Accomplishments: * Received 1999 US DOL Welfare to Work Competitive Grant Federal Funding Certification Eligibility from the local welfare offices of Los Angeles, CA.; Oakland & San Francisco, CA.; Chattanooga, TN.; Bridgeport, CT.; the Navajo/Dine' Indian Nation; New York City, NY.; and the State Economic Development Offices of Arizona (2), California (2), Connecticut, Colorado, New York and Tennessee for proposals to apprenticeship train and employ urban and rural welfare recipients and the homeless in Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) demonstration sites. * Successfully demonstrated the "Snow (All Winter) Garden" technology in the Bedford Styvesant SAF in Brooklyn, New York City, NY. 1998/99 winter, and in the East Dummerston, VT. SAF 1999/2000 winter; the latter covered by the Brattleboro VT. Reformer Newspaper March 4-5, 2000. * Elected as Brattleboro VT. Food Cooperative Board Member in March 2000 based on platform of developing a Sustainable Agri-Forest (SAF) demonstration addressing the area's working poor, unemployed & homeless residents. * Served on the Board of the Brattleboro Community High School proposing the implementation of a SAF based Sustainable Life Science Curriculum. * Lectured at the 1998 Governor's Youth Conference at the School of International Training. * Guest Instructor at the Green MT. High School in Chester, VT. 1998 - 2000. 13.) BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc. Position: Executive Project Director Indianapolis, IN. 2001 – present Accomplishments: * Expanded the Hope Project Web Site from an archival to e-Commerce Web Site www.hopelausa.org with full streaming audio/video and on-line credit card acceptance * Sustainable Agri-Forestry work included in the 2001 urban gardening documentary showing nationally, directed and produced by Daniel Tripoli of Metro Gardens Media of LA, CA. entitled "Sweat Equity" (68 minutes).

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 9 13.) BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc. (continued) Accomplishments: * “Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Food Security in Rice Project Funding and Promotional Consultant” for AID- Camilla, Inc. of Camilla, Bangladesh in South- Central Asia targeting 9,000 small farmers (2002-present) C. REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AUDIO AND VIDEO TAPES ISSUANCES

1.) Evaluation of Rural Health Research, Vol. I, II, & III; 1975 in the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Technical Information System (NTIS) & NEA’s Education Research Information Center (ERIC)

2.) Public Policy Development Information System Design for the Federal-State Rehabilitation Services: First Report, 1978

3.) Esoteric Atannuology, Egyptology & Rastafariology, Vol. 1, 1986, revised, 1998

4.) The Egyptian Mystery ‘School of On (Annu)’ : Esoteric Atannuology, Egyptology & Rastafariology, Vol. 1, 2002 (e-Book on CD and paper hardcopy)

5.) Original Prevention of Sickness: General Nutrition Instructions, 1997, rev. 2000 6.) Biological Agriculture (1987 lecture transcript), Suntee Systems, Tucson, AZ. 7.) Various lecture audio, video and music\song poem tapes, refer to the Hope Project Web Site at URL http:\www.Hopelausa.org

D. ART ACTIVITIES AND COMMUNITY SERVICES

1.) Co-leader of the “Return to the Future Experience” Band (‘90), leader of the “Golden Age Band” (‘88-90), leader of the “Annu Light and Sound Band” (‘86 - 88), and leader of the “Light and Sound Band” (‘92-present)

2.) Voluntary Holistic (Nutritional and Medicinal) Herbology Practice (‘86-present) 3.) Volunteer Staff Assignments for Congressman Andrew Young’s Administrative

Assistant Stoney Cooks (‘75-76) 4.) Voluntary Produce Manager of Good Life Health Food Center (LA, CA.) (‘90)

5.) Producer, Light and Sound Band’s “Annu Ancestors” and “Esoteric Rastafari” Albums (Transformation of South Central, L.A., Volume 1 & 2 (‘95-97)

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 10 E. SPECIFIC SKILLS 1.) Project Director (Project Administration, Management and Security) 2.) Project Concept Developer and Proposal Writer 3.) Systems Analyst (Human, Administrative and Computer Subsystems)

Human General Systems Theorist (HGST) 4.) Web Master, Desk Top Publisher, PC Maintenance and Operator (IBM Type Computer Data Entry, Multimedia Development including Quicken, Lotus, Corel Word Perfect, Microsoft Word 2000, Adobe Page Mill, Adobe Photo Shop, Adobe Premiere software) 5.) Sustainable Agri-Forester (Biological Agriculturalist and Organic Gardener) 6.) Political Economic Analyst 7.) Sustainable Community Economic and Human Developer 8.) Horticultural Therapist (Individual and Group Counseling, Conflict Resolution, Life Skills and Job Preparation/Maintenance) 9.) Non-Profit Organizational Developer and Management Analyst 10.) Middle and High School Teacher:: July, 1990 California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) Scores: Reading 63 (average 40-60), Math 63 (average 40-60), Writing 53 (average 40-60) 11.) Nutritional Herbologist____ Food Preparation and Vegetarian/Vegan Cook 12.) Developmental/Experimental Anthropologist 13.) Historian (Pre-Dynastic and Dynastic Egyptology and Black Studies) 14.) Theologian (Comparative Religion specializing in the Ancient Egyptian Mystery School of On (Annu) and Non-Denominational IRS "Vow of Poverty" Priest 15.) Individual and Group Counselor, Motivational and Technical Trainer 16.) Debate, Extemporaneous and Lecture Speaker 17.) Musician (Writer, Producer, Bass Guitar and Conga Player, Band Leader) 18.) Poet and Non-Fiction Writer

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 11 F. GRANTS, DONATIONS AND AWARDS SUMMARY

1. 1978 through 1980 Federal Grant ($150,000),” Navajo Solar Greenhouse and Organic Gardening Project” as Consultant for the Navajo/Dine’ Indian Food and Nutrition Service, Fort Defiance, Arizona from the US Community

Services Administration, Washington, D.C.

2. 1979 “Outstanding Service and Contribution to Navajo Food and Nutrition” Award as Consultant for the Navajo/Dine’ Indian Nation/Department of Food and Nutrition services, Fort Defiance, AZ.

3. 1982 Federal Grant ($50,000), “Manuelito, NM. Biological Garden & Cooperative Food Warehouse Project” as Consultant for Navajo/Dine’ Indian Nation/Manuelito New Mexico Chapter House from USDHEW/Administration on Native Americans, Washington, D.C.

4. 1989 through 1994 as Volunteer Horticultural Instructor won a total of 12 first to third place Individual student (7), community (3) and school (2) Los Angeles Community Beautification Contest Garden Awards for the John Hope

Continuation High School sponsored by LA Beautiful, Inc. and the LA Unified School District, Los Angeles, CA.

5. 1992 through 1995 Federal Grant # 92-LA-5 ($248,000),” Hope Los Angeles Horticulture Corps Project” as Lead Partner Organization with the LA Unified School District’s John Hope Continuation High School from the US Department of Agriculture/Forest Service, Washington, D.C.

6. 1993 “Outstanding Volunteer Award” as the Volunteer Horticulture Instructor for the John Hope Continuation High School, Los Angeles Unified School District, Los Angeles, CA.

7. 1993 “Commendation for Outstanding Dedication and Commitment to Making Los Angeles a Better Place to Live” from the Los Angeles City Council, Los Angeles, CA.

8. 1993 through 1996 Corporate Donations ($45,000) as a “10% Solution Project” from Cell Tech, Inc., Klamath Falls, Oregon

9. 1994 “Exemplary Process: from Classroom to Community: Success through Gardening Award” from the Los Angeles County Department of Probation/Division of Juvenile Courts & Community Schools, Los Angeles, CA.

RESUME George W. Singleton pg. 12 F. GRANTS, DONATIONS AND AWARDS SUMMARY (continued) 10. 1994 Private Grant ($2,000) NYC, NY. Mega-Cities, Inc. ”Outstanding Community Innovation” for the Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) Technical Assistance Transfer to New York City, NY.

11. 1994 Private Donation ($10,000) to help produce the “Earthday Benefit Concert and Festival at the UCLA Pauly Pavilion”, Los Angeles, CA.

12. 1995 “Outstanding Community Innovation” Award from the Los Angeles Mega-Cities, Inc., Los Angeles, CA. 13. 1995 “Earthday Commendation for Recognition of Your Outstanding Service to the Community” from the Los Angeles City Council, Los Angeles, CA. 14. 1995 “Commendation for Outstanding and Dedicated Service to the Community and Recipient of Self-Empowerment Award” from the Los Angeles City Council 10 th District Council Member Nate Holden, Los Angeles, CA. 15. 1996 Private Donation ($20,000) for the Final Typesetting and In-House Publication of his book Esoteric Atannuology, Egyptology, Rastafariology, Volume 1, 1997, Enlightenment Publications, Indianapolis, IN. 16. 1997 Private Donation ($40,000) for the “Annual BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project Conference” at Compton Community College, Compton, CA. 17. 1997 Private Donation Scholarship ($7,000) for the Attendance of the 1997 “State of the World Forum (SWF)” and Sustainable Agri-Forestry Presentation at the SWF/Sustainable Agriculture Roundtable, San Francisco, CA. 18. 1998-2000 Private Donation ($8,000) for the Hope Vermont Project including the 1999/2000 “Snow (All Winter) Garden” Demonstration in Brattleboro, VT. area. G. PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP

1. 1997 to present, member of the STATE OF THE WORLD FORUM (SWF), MEMBER # 20827 at http:\\www.worldforum.org/; 11/8/97 Presented the

Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) Model to SWF Sustainable Agricultural Roundtable.

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APPENDIX VIII-1: Description of BRCA\Hope LA-USA Project: “Planting Seeds of Hope in Our Inner Cities” By Anna Bond

When, people are starving, it is because their governments take too much, Causing them to starve. When people are hard to control, it is because of the contrivances of their governments, Which makes them hard to control. When people think little of death. it is because those above think so much of life thus the people think little of death.

—Lao-Tzu: Tao Te Ching

The CIA-Contra-Cocaine connection exposed by San Jose Mercury News’ reporter Gary Webb should not have shocked us as it did. Drugs, weapons and money-laundering have always been tools of the trade for U.S. clandestine operations abroad. This most recent “dark alliance,” as Webb termed it, is simply another episode in the long saga of American trade in drugs, guns, dollars, and human life—only this time the life that trafficking victimized was African-American inner city youth.

From all appearances, it was targeted genocide. But what goes around comes around, and a short twenty-two years after crack cocaine made its first documented appearance in California, we have small Vermont towns with nothing that could even be called a street hosting street gangs and crack cocaine.

Somehow the pipeline between Columbia’s cocaine cartels and the black neighborhoods of South Central L.A. opened by CIA-backed Contras and Nicaraguan drug-smugglers recalls the infamous Triangle Trade, which laid the foundations for the fortunes of the future leaders of the United States.

Here the commodities are cocaine, crack and guns. There they were sugar, rum and slaves. Then and now, we see mindless destruction of human life and soils, mere means toward the acquisition of wealth and the control of the people by a powerful elite.

In the late eighteenth century, ships left New England loaded mostly with rum. In Africa the rum was exchanged for as many slaves as it would buy (often at the rate of 200 gallons per slave). Loaded with slaves, the ship set sail for the West Indies where the slaves were sold to the sugar plantations and part of the profit invested in molasses. On the final leg of the voyage, the vessel would carry the molasses back to New England, to be distilled into more run, to buy more slaves. 1

How much is a human life worth? Two hundred gallons of rum: absolutely equal for the purposes of trade! The damage to human society in Africa and the Caribbean as well as the soil destruction on the sugar plantations was never taken into account. _______________________________________________________ 1 Daniel P. Mannix and Malcolm Cowley: Black Cargoes: A History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1518-1865 New York: Viking Press. 1962. p. 160.

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2003 EDITION 299.

APPENDIX VIII_2: Description of BRCA\Hope LA-USA Project: “Planting Seeds of Hope in Our Inner Cities” By Anna Bond

In addition to the profits from the basic Triangle Trade, the American colonies supplied food staples for feeding the sugar plantation slaves. In 1770, for instance, the colonies exported to the Caribbean one third of their dried fish, almost all of their pickled fish, most of their oats, corn, peas and beans as well as half their flour and all their butter and cheese. 2

Ultimately, the Triangle Trade like the current Dark Alliance reveals an insidious mind set that treats everything—top soils, sugarcane, coca leaves, human life—as commodities or substances to be trafficked. 3 Using things as substances—rather than respecting their inherent value—invariably leads to addiction. Addiction to gold and sliver, addiction to sugar, addiction to alcohol and drugs: these were—Ad continue to be—the driving forces behind the exploitation of resources—be they natural or human—in the New World as well as the modes operandi behind American trade’ relations.

Eventually even money loses relevance as the trafficking takes on a life of its own. During the heyday of the CIA-contra-cocaine connection, between the passage and repeal of the Boland Amendment, in 1986, every market indicator of the cocaine glut in America went off-scale. As Wanda Palacio, the Puerto Rican-born airline employee whose two-year cocaine trafficking career spanned her relationship with an upper-class Colombian whose social circle included “people deeply involved in the drug trade,” astutely observed in 1987: “Three years ago [before Boland], the price of cocaine was $50,000 per kilo. Today it is $20,000 and sometimes you can get it for $15,000 to $18,000. The market for the cocaine isn’t smaller—so the lower price is a result of having supply increase even more than demand has. 4

“It got to the point where it was like, man, use don t want to count no more money.” — Freeway Rick Ross

Rick Ross, a black teenager, was a talented tennis player with a promising future. Then his tennis coach discovered Rick could neither read nor write. Rick saw his dream of a college scholarship evaporate, which leads to some pointed questions. Would the coach of a white teenager have been unaware until the last lap that his student was illiterate? Having lost his one chance for a better life, Ross hung his future on drugs and became Freeway Rick, a dealer of mythical proportions in the L.A. underground. later sentenced to life with no chance for parole on cocaine conspiracy charges. 2 Eric Williams: Capitalism and Slavery, Food Staples to Feed Slaves, New York: Capricorn Books, 1966, p. 108. 3 Smoking tobacco in a ceremonial pipe was for Native Americans life-enhancing as it strengthened

human relationships with the powers of the sky and the earth and all their relations. Europeans turned the sacred Native tobacco into another substance to be mono-cropped on plantations and sold to an addicted world. Andean natives living and working at high attitudes have chewed coca leaves for centuries, thus preventing chronic high altitude sickness and possible death, reports anthropologist Andrew Fuchs in Coca Chewing and Chronic High Altitude Stress: Possible Effects of Coca Alkaloids on Erythropoietin." Current Anthropology 19 June 1978). Were living the hell Europeans took that one.

4 Dennis Bernstein and Robert Knight: “Wars Go Better With Coke How The Contras Invaded the United

States”, as quoted in Forum, San Jose Mercury News Web site, November 22, 1996.

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2003 EDITION 300.

APPENDIX VIII_3: Description of BRCA\Hope LA-USA Project: “Planting Seeds

of Hope in Our Inner Cities” By Anna Bond Freeway Rick’s story epitomizes the three-pronged plight of inner city youth. First, there is epidemic subclinical malnutrition stemming from poverty, lack of nutritional awareness, the proliferation of junk foods and drugs. Fast food franchises dot black neighborhoods everywhere—serving up their brand of super-refined, nutritionally empty foods devoid of any real identity no trace minerals, no vitamins, no essential oils, no DNA to connect us to the earth and the soil. These are foods that enslave us and addict us: white sugar, white flour, white bread, white fat, white salt, white crack.

Poor nutrition means your brain doesn’t work well, remember things, make appropriate decisions. After seven generations of eating such food, we have lost our memory of who we are, where we came from and where we are going. No wonder the infant mortality rate in South Central rivals that of some Third World countries. Taoist Sage and social commentator Lao-Tzu, writing over 2500 years ago, says it best: how can you really care about life or death when you’re starving? “Thinking little about death," many people turn to the euphoria of drugs.

The second handicap impacting inner city youth is the lack of opportunities and options that comes with widespread poverty. There is virtually no chance to find a decent job, let alone meaningful work. Poverty gives you no options to switch schools, get special tutoring. Poverty leads to crime. Rick Ross grew up poor in Troup, Texas, then moved to South Central L.A., where he slipped into a career of drug dealing. When you don’t know where your next meal’s coming from, you think little of death—or life.

And third, we see clearly unequal education or, more accurately, blatant miseducaflon both in the schools and in the media That miseducation breeds cultural, ethnic and racial discrimination. When you see yourself as lesser, then you have adopted somebody else’s image of who you are. Not knowing who you really are makes it tough to be yourself or control yourself.

While most of the country is talking about accountability, people’s tribunals, justice, restitution and compensation, one visionary African American activist is transforming inner city hood areas into lush market gardens that incorporate pre-dynastic Egyptian blo-intensive deep bed agricultural technology, intercropped ‘floating’ gardens reminiscent of pre-Columbian Mexico, and three-tiered permacultured beds.

He is George Singleton: radical in the sense of going to the roots of the disease that perpetuates slavery. And those roots are the three pronged plight that is crippling our inner city youth: 1) the poverty/crime connection, 2) the subclinical malnutrition/addictions syndrome and 3) the vicious miseducation/discrimination cycle.

In 1974, the year crack cocaine made its first appearance, underground in San Francisco and Nicaraguan drug smugglers hooked up with Colombian drug sellers, George broke new ground for his first Blacqendian (Black and Indian) rural development cooperative in the Washington DC area. Soon afterward, George was recognized by Navajo leaders as the one who had been prophesied to teach them the old ways of gardening. He lived and studied with his the Navajo elders for seven years

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2002 EDITION 301.

APPENDIX VIII_4: Description of BRCA\Hope LA-USA Project: “Planting Seeds of Hope in Our Inner Cities” By Anna Bond In 1981, just two years before Freeway Rick figured out how to blow up one kilo of cocaine into three or more of crack, the executive members of Louis Farrakan’s (Black Muslim) Temple 27 brought George from the Navajo Reservation to Los Angeles to design nutritional programs and gardens for their congregation of 2500.

From his intensive study of the Annu/Egyptian Mystery School practices, George helped the congregation align their diet to be harmony with the vegetarian ideals of Elijah Mohammed. Synthesizing what had been revealed to him among the Navajo and what he had earned from his Egyptian research, George developed an intensive biological gardening technology.

By 1 985, that technology had produced a garden on the temple rooftop that provided food for the entire congregation. Biological gardening is distinct from—and more universally practicable than—organic in that it does not depend on animal manures with their questionable microbial contaminants (E. coil) and agrochemical pollutants (herbicides, fungicides and pesticides used in animal fodder).

Where organic animal-based comporting demands high-temperature bacterial breakdown, large quantities of water and frequent labor intensive turning, biological gardening relies on low-temperature bacteria! recycling of green wastes and, above all, that “foundation of all civilization” (ecologist Andre Voisin) the earthworm, who since before the time of Christ has been revered and protected as “sacred" (Cleopatra). Earthworm castings create a humus topsoil of the highest fertility, filth and biological vitality more efficiently than any other means. Biological gardening is the gardening method practiced historically in Meso-America by the Mayans and Olmecs and continuing into the present in the Nile Valley, the headwaters of the Amazon in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru; and in Hunzaland.

Recognizing the intrinsic connection between a people’s culture and agriculture, George developed a powerful urban agri-forestry model—now called Hope LA\USA—based on the need to break away from anima!-based farming with its inherent limited-resources, scarcity mind set that inevitably breeds struggle and conflict. He also developed this three-pronged mode! to provide simple, sustainable solutions to each of the three handicaps that paralyze the majority of our youth at risk today.

In 1987 the cocaine-rated deaths of two B!ack athletes prompted national hysteria and tough new crack laws that impacted U. S. Blacks with extreme inequality. The U.S. Congress voted to give the Contras $100 million in military aid. Danilo Blandon, son of wealthy Nicaraguan slumlord and Ross drug connection, was arrested, then released only a month later when the Iran-Contra scandal broke.

That same year a prominent South Central resident and social psychologist urged George to offer his genius and charisma to address the genocidal explosion of gang violence and crack use among youth at risk. From his years among the Navajo, George knew the extraordinary healing power gardening he’d for youth out of touch with nature and themselves.

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2002 EDITION 302.

APPENDIX VIII_5: Description of BRCA\Hope LA-USA Project: “Planting Seeds of Hope in Our Inner Cities” By Anna Bond

A quarter-acre biological garden at the famous Children’s Space Educational Center in Compton was succeeded by pilot biological gardens all over Los Angeles County. George’s striking dreadlocked figure—shouldering forks, shovels, pickaxes, even sacks of peat moss and earthworms to sites sometimes 20 miles apart—became a familiar presence.

The super tree, the tissue-cultured Chinese Paulownia hardwood, shoots up 15 feet per year under ideal conditions and is valued at $1000 per cubic meter of timber! Aside from providing organic produce to the neighborhood, the Hope LA garden expanded the greening area in the midst of South Central’s asphalt battleground, It offered the youth involved the time and place to reconnect with nature, with the source of their food and with themselves.

George developed a brilliant sustainable life science curriculum that was at once a nonlinear education program that looked deeply at the political, economic and nutritional aspects of what has been called the “criminalization" of inner city life around the world and a hands-on apprenticeship in the high art and science of biological gardening which, at the close of the two-year program, gave the youth solid marketable horticultural skills.

Then in 1993 came perhaps the most potent agent for regenerating these youths’ malnourished bodies and drug-toxic immune systems. George started feeding Super Blue Green Algae, a wild super food harvested Klamath Lake, to the youth he was training. The changes were dramatic! Caseworkers observed better over-all health, improved school and work performance, greater clarity of thought and expression, sounder sleep, and a sense of new found joy and cooperation where before there had been apathy and distrust.

George’s Project in South Central was so successful he was invited to teach 160 third time offenders aged 14-19 in a youth detention facility in San Fernando Valley. Dispensing the daily Super Blue Green Algae to these youth, the Charge Nurse was enthusiastic about the potential of this wild super food. Her observations demonstrated not only the undeniable connection between poor nutrition and criminal behavior but also the incredible ability to restore vibrant health, strong immune response and a sense of bright hope simply eating this wild Algae could offer.

Almost four years later, George’s gardening model has evolved to integrate the deep beds with greenhouse covered algae ponds that provide abundant algae fertilizer and create microclimates outdoors—a novel concept indeed. George travels across the country to inner city neighborhoods, prisons, schools, reservations that ask for his expertise and his wisdom. He has projects at various stages of completion in over twenty states across the country.

Wherever he goes, George offers the gift of his technology of hope freely, without charge. His Hope LA/USA garden projects are funded through his Super Blue Green Algae network business and the sale of his videos, tapes and book.

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2003 EDITION 303.

APPENDIX VIII_6: Description of BRCA\Hope LA-USA Project: “Planting Seeds of Hope in Our Inner Cities” By Anna Bond Providing Super Blue Green Algae to gang and at risk youth, caseworkers noticed many changes: in patterns of increased sleep, awakening with vitatity, clearness of thought, improved schoot and work performance, and a sense of new found hope. The Project in South Centrat was so successfut that George was contracted to teach his program at the Camp Holton youth detention facility in San Fernando Vatley. This facitity housed 160 third time offenders aged 14 to 19, sixty percent of whom were Hispanic and African American from South Central.

For a two-month period, youth participating in the Camp Hotton ‘Brown Thumb Green Thumb Program" received Super Blue Green Algae. dispensed daily by the Camp’s charge nurse. Her observations clearly demonstrated the connection beiween poor nutrition and criminal behavior.

Today George’s gardening model has evolved to integrate the deep beds with greenhouse covered algae ponds that provide abundant algae fertilizer and create microclimates outdoors—a novel concept indeed. George travels across the country to inner city neighborhoods, prisons, schools, reservations that ask for his expertise and his wisdom.

The success of this program in Los Angeles led to changes in the funding strategy. The program addressed the needs of inner city people across the country. Thus, in September, 1995 the HOPE L.A. Project became the HOPE LA\USA Project, initiating the development of Sustainable Agri-Forests in 25 states.

The Project’s current Sustainable Agri-Forestry model encompasses ten interrelated aspects:

1. Spiritual Economics 2. Sustainable Life Science Curriculum 3. Intensive Vermiculture 4. Deep Intensive Growing Beds 5. Biological Horticulture 6. Three-tier Permaculture 7. Biological Aqua-Culture

a.PiMag Water Irrigation b.Greenhouse covered Algae Ponds

8. Non-profit Organization Innovative Funding 9. Food Fortification with Nutritional Herbs

10. Volunteer and Trainee Stipends 11. Case Management Counseling and Social Service Referral 12. Project-funded Technical Assistance

For more information about the BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project in or near your area or to purchase Educational and Entertainment CD’s, Cassettes and VCR tapes, books and other products, please call or fax 317-255-1388, e-mail us at Hopelausa@aol.com; or visit the BRCA/Hope Project’s Web Site at http://www.hopelausa.org/.

For more information about the author of this articte Anna Bond or “Super Blue Green Algae”; please call her at (802) 387-2341 or e-mail her at annabond@together.net. This unabridged article appears in an abridged form in the ORGANICA QUARTERLY MAGAZINE, Spring, 1997, Tampa FL. published by Aubrey Organics, Inc.

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2002 EDITION 304.

APPENDIX_VIII_7: BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project, Inc.: Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) TA Center Paulownia “Super Tree” SAF in the Peoples’ Republic of China

George W. Singleton has been Executive Project Director of the Blacqendian Royal Coop Association (BCRA), Inc. since 1980. He received a B.A. in General Biology from the University of Chicago (1970) and a Doctor of Herbology (HD.) Degree from the LA, CA. based International Monastery: University of Eternal Light Consciousness (1986) under the apprenticeship direction of Alfred “Dr. Roots” Patterson, HD..

Since 1979 Singleton has directed chronic poverty abatement research, development and demonstrations concentrating on ancient Egyptian culture and technologies including 3 federal grants. From 1988 to 1995 Singleton was the Volunteer Horticultural Instructor at the Los Angeles, CA. John Hope Continuation High School. His work is highlighted by the USDA/ Forest Service Grant #92-LA-5 funding of the BRCA/Hope LA Horticultural Corps from 1992 to 1995 demonstrating Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) utilizing South Central-Watts, LA gang and “at risk” youth and young adults.

Singleton adapted SAF to address the present problems in the present urban community garden movement; i.e. as the basis of the next generation of urban community gardens capable of producing the horticultural assets to purchase its land sites and provide significant livable wage jobs. The holistic 12 element SAF model annually can generate on one (1) acre of land minimally 150,000 pounds of “organic” produce and other horticultural products and providing 4 full time jobs at twice the minimal wage as training stipend .

Sustainable Agri-Forestry (SAF) as exemplified in ancient Egypt, ancient Israel and pre-Columbian Mexico, Peru and North America can significantly ameliorate chronic poverty wherever properly installed at a one time cost of $85,000 per acre and operated on a “worker member” cooperative model. SAF is a technological forte in the modern Republic of China and a foundation of its emerging super power economy.

Since 1995 Singleton has transferred SAF technology and demonstrations to organizations in over 13 states via the BRCA/Hope LA-USA Project (HLAUSAP), Inc. The SAF model was certified for federal funding eligibility in the USDOL Welfare to Work Competitive Grant Competition 1999 Round #3 in CA., AZ., CT., NY., TN. and the Navajo/Dine’ Indian Nation. Singleton presented the SAF model to the 1997 State of the World Forum/Sustainable Agriculture Roundtable, and is State of the World Forum Member #20827 (presented at http:\\www.worldforum.org.)

The BRCA/HLAUSAP Web Site http:\\www.hopelausa.org is a complete self-help Sustainable Agri-Forestry Technical Assistance Transfer Center.

Contact Information: George W. Singleton

Executive Project Director Hope LA/USA Project Inc. PO Box 30643 Indianapolis. IN 46230 Tel: 1-317-371-1410 Hopela@hopelausa.org www.Hopelausa.org PREVIOUS APPENDIX E-BOOK NAVIGATOR SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE EGYPTIAN MYSTERY “SCHOOL OF ON”, VOL. 1 BY GEORGE SINGLETON, ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLICATIONS, 2002 EDITION 305.

Cell Tech Inc. Grant Reference: August Celebration: A Molecule of Hope for a Changing World by Linda Glover, Gibert, Hoover & Clarke, Carson City, NV., 1993 [ NY Times National Bestselling Author including The House Keepers and Looking Terrific (with Emily Cho)] Pages 155-157

“Of course Cell Tech needs to do a lot more. Our focus in the market is very narrow at this point, really. We have more than 30,000 distributors, but that’s a speck of dust on the planet. They’re nearly all white; socially conscious for the most part yes, but what you’ve got to do is reach a much wider group.”

“And Cell Tech is starting to do just that. About a thousand miles south of Klamath Falls, a group of people are working on another agricultural project under very different circumstances. The story is best told by Cell Tech distributor Michael Stewart.”

“When Cell Tech decided to earmark ten percent of the algae to worthwhile causes, I was more convinced than ever that this was a company I could work with. Its involvement with Chernobyl, Nicaragua, and the Seeing Eye Dog pro-gram in Canada touched my heart, but left me with a gnawing question about our kids—-especially the inner-city kids who tend to reach for a spray paint can or a gun, and join a gang before they reach for a book. I felt that if these kids had more choices, they could be an asset to themselves and their community.

“Only one problem: How could I help this come about without getting shot? Frankly, 14-year-olds with crack and guns scare the hell out of me. I’d lie awake at night wondering, ‘How can I affect our weakest link ___ how can I help inner-city kids?’ ‘Cause I’m white and I don’t live in South Central.”

“Several months ago, at an algae meeting at a local restaurant, one of the gals in my group mentioned a guy named George Singleton, who runs a program called Hope L.A. Horticulture Corps. Hope L.A. takes kids who are ready to make positive changes in their lives and teaches them about pride, self-worth, heritage, empowerment and especially how to grow gardens. She said they have a two-acre plot in the hood, a non-truce gang area where drive-by shootings occur almost daily.” “Gardens! That was the end of the meeting for me—that’s all I needed to hear. I went from A to Z in my mind; I had a touchdown right there. I said, ‘Give me this guy’s number.

“Michael was impressed with George Singleton, an African-American and Mississippi Choctaw whose personal philosophy is a distillation of Rastafarian, Black Muslim, Baptist, and Bahai faiths. Singleton’s program is preparing the kids for entry-level jobs in the agriculture and food industries, urban forestry, nurseries, gardens and landscaping services.”

“When I first went up there and hung out with these kids, I felt as though I wasn’t even worthy to be there with them. Even though I live a fairly clean life, these kids are clear as glass. You look in their eyes, and you look into the soul of God. These guys are deep; it’s unreal. They’re close to death on a daily basis; ten shots have been fired into the garden at the kids so far. I mean, they have to have truces just to exist. They have to have a truce with the Crips and the Bloods— and that doesn’t account for all the sub-groups. When I leave, I get swamped by crack salesmen; it’s a zoo there. Every time I go up there I cry. These kids needed the algae yesterday.”

“Michael told me he learned that Singleton had started a program for inner-city, ex-gang kids at Fremont High in Watts. “And I realized we’d come full circle,” says Michael, “because Daryl used to teach at Fremont High.”

“So I hammered out a little proposal for Marta to get algae to the kids, and she immediately said yes.” Soon shipments were on the way.”

“So do the kids eat the algae regularly?” I asked.”

“Are you kidding? It’s like a sacrament!” He paused. “My dream now,” he continued, “is to get the soil amendment [an algae processing by-product being developed by Jim Carpenter] down here to fortify the weak L.A. soil.” Michael is pleased with the project so far. “If we can do it in L.A.”, he told me, “we can do it anywhere.” “Then just before he hung up the phone, Michael Stewart added this postscript. “You know, the interesting thing is, a bunch of these kids are looking to do the Cell Tech business when they finish school.” Note: From Book’s Back Cover: “AUGUST CELEBRATION is about the man and woman who discovered a unique form of the FIRST FOOD” on Earth in a pristine Oregon lake. It’s also about the transformational effect their discovery could have on your health, your income, and your children’s future.”

Subj: EU Grant Update Date: 3/15/2007 11:11:20 P.M. Eastern Standard TimeFrom: eugrantfund@europe.comTo: blacqendianrca@aol.com

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Friday, March 16, 2007 America Online: BlacqendianRCA

EU Humanitarian Grant Special EU Programmes Body European Union House, Castle Meadow Court, Dublin Road, Monaghan. United Kingdom. Dear Grantee, Re: CONFIRMATION OF EU HUMANITARIAN GRANT. I have been directed to inform you that your Humanitarian Grant has been validated by the awards committee in charge of grant validation. A total sum of 1,923,738 Euros has been approved to be released to you as your grant (please, download and read the attached document). The payment committee has also been involved in facilitating the payment of your grant through securing of final clearance from the UK Debt Management Office. Please, note that the payment committee is presently in the process of assisting you meet with the financial requisites of the UK Debt Management Office, which is analyzed below for a better understanding: The UK Debt Management office has requested that you immediately contact your bank to setup a Brokerage/Trading account for the purpose of payment of your grant funds. This account is to be utilized specifically for any transaction involving your humanitarian grant. In line with the recommendation above, I wish to strongly advise that you make prompt arrangement to setup a Brokerage/Trading account. The humanitarian grant payment committee is presently making arrangement to send you fund to enable you meet-up with all financial requirements of the UK Debt Management Office. It is now officially required that payment of fees must be effected before your grant would be cleared for payment to you by the UK Debt Management Office. In line with this arrangement, the EU Humanitarian Grant payment committee will send you fund to enable you make payment of all accruable fees, the payment committee will be providing funds for you to pay such fees, through an affiliate financier. Funds required by you to pay fees will be provided by the grant payment committee. You are not required to use your personal funds to do so. The required fees are as follows: Tax: 128,025.07 Euros Insurance: 75,194.26 Euros Anti-terrorist clearance: 2,583.12 Euros Filing charges: 91,044.33 Euros Stamp duty: 38,009.40 Euros TOTAL: 334,856.18 Euros The affiliate financier will send to you a total sum or equivalent sum of 334,856.18 Euros to enable you pay all the fees required by the UK Debt Management Office through your Brokerage/Trading account. Your total grant fund (1,923,738 Euros) will be released to you in 72Hours after fees payment is confirmed by the UK Debt Management Office. The Humanitarian Grant is awarded to you to enable you upgrade your existing charitable organization or NGO. If you do not have a charitable organization or NGO, you are required to utilize the grant fund to setup a Children’s Home, which will cater for the needs of children (health, education and other material needs). This Children’s Home is required to act as a support center for quick response in time of needs. The EU Humanitarian Grant must be open to inspection from time to time to ensure that you are using the grant fund in line with official guidelines, which will made available to you as soon the grant fund is released to you. You must make necessary contribution to the guidelines by streamlining the utilization of the fund to tally with the physical structures and facilities available in your locality.

Additional funds will be made available to you/your organization as needs arise. These needs will be communicated to the EU Humanitarian Grant by the supervising agents who will be in constant touch with you. You must send feedback and any query to my office most urgently. You should feel free to request any information you need.

Take note: 1. The European Commission grants covers one or more of the following: research, education, health,

consumer protection, protection of the environment, humanitarian aid, professional efficiency, etc.

2. The aim of the Humanitarian Grant is to aid the establishment of quick reach centers in case of emergency

needs in order to fortify the United Nations millennium development goals through utilization of services by already established humanitarian agencies and those to be established by this grant (both private and public.) The areas of focus by the United Nations millennium development goals are:

eradicate extreme poverty and hunger achieve universal primary education promote gender equality and empower women reduce child mortality improve national healthcare combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases ensure environmental sustainability develop a global partnership on development.

EU through various grant programs is trying to achieve the millennium development goals by focusing on the wing areas: Trade and development, Regional cooperation, Poverty-reduction policies to support health and cation, Transport infrastructure, Food security and sustainable rural development, Institutional capacity-building, d governance and the rule of law.

grant is required to be utilized for the establishment of new charity or funding of charitable programs already in ce. No repayment of the grant is required. Further funding of the program could only be done by the EU upon uation for need for further funding after a year of this grant award. Further enquiry can be obtained via the following contact: Awards Committee, EU Humanitarian Grant E-mail: eugrantfund@europe.com Tel.: +44 701 112 8296 Fax: +44 871 247 3227 Congratulations. Bill Pauley EU Humanitarian Grant.

Page 2 of 2

Friday, March 16, 2007 America Online: BlacqendianRCA

GRANT APPLICATION FORM (for information and records only) I hereby apply for the European Union Humanitarian Grant. I acknowledge the email sent to me regarding this financial grant. I fill this form with my personal details to enable you validate my grant. Name: George W. Singleton III Contact address (including zip code): 1075 Broad Ripple Boulevard Indianapolis, IN. 46220 USA Telephone no.: 317-222-1141, 317-222-0029 Fax no.: 317-222-1912 Cell-phone no.: 317-222-9134 Age: 58 Marital Status: Divorced Fiancée with “Pre-Nuptial Agreement” Nancy Mensah, Accra Ghana Name of organization employed (if any): Blacqendian Royal Coop Association (BRCA), Inc. http://www.hopelausa.org Position in the organization: Founding Director and President Board Chairperson Affiliated charity organization(s) (if any): Youth Opportunities Unlimited, Inc. http://www.youincla.org/ Rehab Resource, Inc. http://www.rehabresource.org/# Area of Interest in charitable works: Sustainable Economic Development utilizing 12 element Sustainable Agro-Forestry Garden Model including Biological Malaria Control Sub-System detailed at http://www.hopelausa.org/Page9.html

===============================================

GRANT APPLICATION FORM (for official information and records only) 6/09/2007

I hereby forward an application for the European Union Humanitarian Grant. I acknowledge the email sent to me regarding this financial grant.

Below are the required data to assist you in validating my grant.

Name: George W. Singleton III

Contact address (including zip code): 5360 Georgetown Road #222

Indianapolis, IN. 46254 USA

Mailing address (including zip code): same as above

E-mail(s): BlacqendianRCA@aol.com

Telephone no.: 317-222-1141

Fax no.: 317-222-1912

Cell-phone no.: 317-222-0257

Name of organization employed (if any): Blacqendian Royal Coop Association (BRCA), Inc. http://www.hopelausa.org

Position in the organization: Founding Director, President, Board Chairperson

Affiliated charity organization(s) (if any): Rehab Resources, Inc., Indianapolis, IN.

Other organization(s) affiliated to (if any): Big Eye Productions, Inc.; Brooklyn, NY. Christ Unity Center, Los Angeles, CA.

Area of interest in charitable works: Sustainable Economic Development utilizing

12 element Sustainable Agro-Forestry Garden Model including Biological Malaria Control Sub-System detailed at http://www.hopelausa.org/Page9.html. and Flow Charted in 5 parts attached.

GRANT APPLICATION FORM (for information and records only) Page 2 6/09/2007

Initials (for signature): GWS

Referee(s) (if any):

Michael C. Hall , BA, MS. BRCA, Inc. Treasurer

BRCA, Inc. Honorary Board Member BRCA, Inc. Assistant Secretary [Mother of George W. Singleton III]

Other comments (if any): It was our privilege a few years ago to serve as special consultant to the Director of the state of the art poverty abatement NGO AID-

Camilla, Inc. based in Camilla, Bangladesh where we learned a great deal about the outstanding international economic development grants of the European Commission. Thus it is a great honor and responsibility to receive an EU Humanitarian Grant and we pledge to use it to further develop and demonstrate our 12 element Sustainable Agro-Forestry (SAF) Garden Model and Biological Control of Malaria Sub-System we believe can significantly and cost effective reduce chronic poverty worldwide as a response to the UN Johannesburg Sustainable Economic Development 2002 Summit call for collaborative demonstrations of significant poverty abatement models.