2 3 carbon compounds

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2–3 CARBON COMPOUNDS

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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The Chemistry of Carbon

Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.



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• Carbon can bond to hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and other atoms of carbon.

• It forms chains, rings AND many other complex structures.


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MACROMOLECULES

• Definition: “Giant” molecules

• Macromolecules are formed by joining smaller ones together.

• Small unit: monomer mono- : one

• Large unit: polymer poly- : many

• monomers join together to create polymers


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Four groups of macromolecules found in living things are:

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins



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1. CARBOHYDRATES

• Sugar broken down by living things for energy

• Living things store EXTRA sugar as complex carbohydrates, called starches

• Starch = polysaccharide

• Sugars/monomers in starch = monosaccharides

• Example: glucose

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1. CARBOHYDRATES

• Plants have an important polysaccharide called cellulose: tough/flexible, gives plants their strength.

• Major component of wood and paper!

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2. LIPIDS• Fats, oils, waxes and

steriods

• Does not dissolve in water

• Stores energy in body (fats), makes waterproof coverings(waxes), chemical messengers in body(steriods)

Triglyceride- unsaturated

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3. NUCLEIC ACIDS

• They store and transmit

genetic information

• RNA: ribonucleic acid (contains ribose sugar)

• DNA: deoxyribonuleic acid (contains deoxyribose sugar)

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Each protein has a specific role. Some of

many examples are:

• Speeding up reactions in the body

• Forming bone and muscles

• Transporting substances into and out of

the cell

• Fighting disease, etc.

• The arrangement of amino acids for

proteins is what DNA carries in its code

4. PROTEINS

2 3 carbon compounds

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