1water supply7
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Topic I.7. Pipelines: Kinds, Structures, Construction and Testing
Definition: Pipes, transmitting water from the intakes to the service (distributing) reservoirs.
Pipelines KindsI. According to the pressure Pressurised (gravity, pumping) Non-pressurised Slightly pressurised Combined
II. According to the branches Single Branch
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Pipelines Kinds
Pressurised pipelinesa - Pumpingб. b - Gravity
B - water intakesHP - service reservoirПC - pumping station1 - pipeline2 - dynamic water head line3 - static head line4 - air valves5 - blow off valves6 - relieve chambers
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Pipelines Kinds
Pressurised Gravity Pipeline
1 - blow off valves 3 - relieve chamber2 - air valves 4 - water intake
5 - service (distributing) reservoir
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Pipelines Kinds
Single and Branch Pipelines
a - single pipelineб, b - branch pipelinesг - double pipeline1 - water intakes2 - pipelines3 - distributing reservoirs
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Pipelines Structures
Pipeline Appurtenances(Auxiliaries)
Valves Stop (gate) valve Air valve Check valve
Chambers (Shafts) Water relieve chamber Air release/intake shaft Blow off shaft
Other facilities Invert siphons Aqueducts (conduits) Tunnels
Pipeline materials
Concrete pipes Reinforced concrete pipes Steel pipes Cast iron pipes Asbestos-cement pipes Plastic pipes
Pipeline Foundation
Strait pipeline - bed and supports Horizontal and vertical turns -
supports Duff-end and branching supports
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Pipelines Structures
Air Valves (schemes)1 - air inlet/release orifice 2 - float
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Pipeline Structures
Blow Off Shaft
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Pipeline Structures
Water Relieve Shaft
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Networks Structures
Forces Acting on the Pipelines
a - at horizontal curves б, b - at vertical curves г - at duff endд - at confussors/difussors e - at declined strait pipes ж - at T-fittings
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Pipeline Structures
Pipeline Supportsa - at horizontal curvesб - at declined pipelinesb - at duff pipesг - at convex vertical curvesд - at concave vertical curves
1, 5 -concrete supporting block2 - pipe3 - concrete pillow4 - insulation6 - anchors
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Pipeline Structures
Axial Deformation Jacka - Pipes without a flange 1 - gasket fillingб - Pipes with a flange 2 - rubber gasket
3 - flanges
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Pipelines Construction
Pipeline Lay Out Requirements Water intakes and service reservoirs to be connected in the shortest way The pipeline permanent way must be laid out on uniform and not very steep
terrain The pipeline permanent way must be laid out in parallel with or close to roads Crossing rivers, rail ways and roads must be avoid if possible Weak soils should be avoid Minimum ecological deterioration
Pipeline Construction Pipeline trench digging Pipes foundation Pipes laying down Pipeline trench filling up
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Pipelines Testing
I. Testing stages First stage - before the trench filling up Second stage - after the trench filling up Third stage - pipeline disinfection
II. Kinds of tests Test for strength - at working pressure Test for permeability
III. Testing procedures for permeability Pressurized pipelines with working pressure under 0,5 MPa -
at a pressure, two times higher than the working one Pressurized pipelines with working pressure over 0,5 MPa -
at a pressure, exceeding the working one with 0,5 MPa, but not less thanthe static head plus 0,2 Mpa