A) Spanish rule in Latin AmericaB) pre-Columbian practices of Native AmericansC) attempts to halt the drug trade in South AmericaD) reduction of trade barriers in the Western Hemisphere

1. The encomienda system, the latifundia form of land ownership, andthe office of viceroy are all closely associated with

A) government monopolies affect tradeB) geography and technology influence economic activityC) economic concepts dominate the study of transportationD) laws and customs regulate exchanges across international

waters

2. Knowledge about trade wind patterns and the ability of sailors toutilize them on the Indian and Atlantic Oceans demonstrate that

A) observation and experimentationB) church law and faithC) superstition and ancient practicesD) geometric formulas and astrology

3. New scientific knowledge and understandings that developed duringthe Scientific Revolution were most often based on

A) a European shortage of pepper and nutmegB) a mandate from the papacyC) the desire to control sources of gold and silverD) the need to secure laborers for factories in Europe

4. Which key factor fueled competition between European countries forcolonies in the Americas?

A) a monopoly B) an embargoC) banking systems D) agricultural cooperatives

5. In the 1500s, the Portuguese seized trading ports in Southeast Asia inan attempt to gain total control of the spice trade.

Based on this statement, one goal of the Portuguese was to establish

A) a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of westernEurope

B) extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere toEurope and Asia

C) the fall of European national monarchies and the end of thepower of the Catholic Church

D) the end of regional isolation and the beginning of a periodof European global domination

6. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was

A) spice tradeB) large numbers of Christian convertsC) rich deposits of gold and silverD) development of manufacturing sites

7. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch interest in the islands ofSoutheast Asia was mainly based on the

A) Europeans drew colonial borders based on African tribalboundaries.

B) The African Continent was divided equally among the colonialpowers.

C) European control did much to improve the economies of mosttribal groups.

D) African cultural and ethnic traditions were often ignored bycolonial governments.

8. Which statement about the European partitioning of Africa in the1800s is most accurate?

9. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below andon your knowledge of social studies.

A) Little trade in enslaved Africans took place before the 1500s.B) Slavery was most widely practiced in Sweden, Denmark, and

Holland.C) Conditions of slavery in Brazil were less harsh than those in the

United States.D) Most enslaved Africans were sent to the Caribbean and

Spanish America.

Which statement is supported by the graph?

A) strengthened the traditional African economic systemsB) led to a rapid decrease in tribal warfareC) hastened the decline of African kingdomsD) increased the number of trade routes across the Sahara

10. One major effect of the European slave trade on Africa was that theslave trade

A) Technological advances in shipping made the slave trade moreprofitable.

B) Converted African slaves worked with Spanish missionariesto conquer the native peoples.

C) Many Africans wished to settle in the Americas and paid theirown passage.

D) As the Europeans developed their American colonies, theirneed for cheap labor increased.

11. Which statement best explains the increase in the Atlantic slavetrade in the 1700s?

12. Base your answer to the following question on the map below.

A) rise of the Songhai EmpireB) spread of farming and herding techniques within AfricaC) establishment of many independent nations in Sub-Saharan AfricaD) economic decline in many African communities

The African Diaspora shown on this map led most directly to which of the following?

13. Base your answer to the following question on the map below.

A) decrease in production of sugar cane in South AmericaB) decrease in importance of European naval powerC) increase in social equality in the AmericasD) economic loss in many African communities

The routes on this map led most directly to which of the following?

A) enrich European governmentsB) end slavery in the AmericasC) promote the isolation of AsiaD) establish religious freedom in New Spain

14. The policy of mercantilism was intended to

15. Base your answer to the following question on the images below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) opening of the Silk Road trade B) Columbian exchangeC) formation of the Hanseatic League D) establishment of trans-Saharan trade

Which historical event connects the activity shown in image A to the activity shown in Image B?

Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on based on the timeline below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Mercantilism had devastating consequences for many Africans and Native Americans.B) Spain created more profitable permanent colonies in the Americas than Great Britain did.C) Native Americans were more successful resisting Spanish rule than British rule.D) Slavery was more common in British colonies than in Spanish colonies.

16. Which conclusion is best supported by the information in this timeline?

A) British Trade in the Americas B) Effects of the EncounterC) European Alliances in the New World D) Benefits of Mercantilism for Colonists

17. Which of the following would be the best title for this timeline?

A) "The king is entitled to unquestioning obedience."B) "Parliament should represent the best interests of the people."C) "People have the right to revolt against an unjust government."D) "Government should be administered by people of all beliefs."

18. Which statement would Louis XIV, Philip II, and Peter the Greatmost likely support?

A) supporting a disarmament policyB) promoting government control of the economyC) justifying the acquisition of territory in foreign landsD) developing parliamentary democracy

19. • Signing of the Magna Carta• Signing of the Petition of Right• Passage of the English Bill of Rights

In England, these events were instrumental in

A) Beginning of Global TradeB) Growth of Democracy in EuropeC) Rise of AbsolutismD) Age of Exploration

20. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

I.________________________A. Writings of Thomas HobbesB. Divine right theoryC. Centralization of political powerD. Reign of Louis XIV

A) socialism B) capitalismC) communism D) manorialism test

21. Between 1300 and 1600, which economic system began to developas a result of the transformation in global trade?

Base your answers to questions 22 through 24 on the speakers'statements below.

Speaker A: Although I spread serfdom in my country, I tried tomodernize our society by incorporating western technology.

Speaker B: I promoted culture with my support of the arts.Unfortunately, I drained my country's treasury by building mypalace at Versailles and involving my country in costly wars.

Speaker C: I gained much wealth from my overseas empire inthe Americas. I waged war against the Protestants and lost.

Speaker D: I inherited the throne and imprisoned my foeswithout a trial. I dissolved Parliament because I did not want toconsult with them when I increased taxes.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

22. Which speaker represents the view of King Louis XIV of France?

A) limited monarchy B) absolute monarchyC) direct democracy D) constitutional democracy

23. Which type of government is most closely associated with all thesespeakers?

A) Russia B) FranceC) Spain D) England

24. Which nation was most likely governed by Speaker D?

A) passage of the Bill of RightsB) autocratic rule of the kingC) implementation of mercantilismD) defeat of the Spanish Armada

25. Oliver Cromwell led the Puritan Revolution in England in responseto the

A) Crusades B) French RevolutionC) Glorious Revolution D) Reconquista

26. • Parliament offered the throne to King William and Queen Mary.• Catholic King James II fled England for France.• Parliament agreed to joint rule with the monarch.

These events are most closely associated with the

27. Base your answer to the following question on the quote below.

" ... Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Socialdistinctions may be founded only upon the general good...."

— Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789

A) the actions of absolute monarchs in Russia and JapanB) the works of Karl Marx and Freidrich EngelsC) the Industrial RevolutionD) the ideas of the Enlightenment

The principle described in this quote most clearly shows theinfluence of which of the following?

A) challenges to the traditional teachings of the CatholicChurch

B) support for the Earth-centered theory of the universeC) confirmation of Darwin's theory of evolutionD) a renewed interest in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

28. The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, andNewton resulted in

A) excluding the teachings of ancient societiesB) combining old and new observationsC) questioning the principles of the scientific methodD) denying the importance of geometry

29. Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge ofsocial studies.

Diligent reader, in this work, which has just been created andpublished, you have the motions of the fixed stars and planets,as these motions have been reconstituted [reconstructed] on thebasis of ancient as well as recent observations, and havemoreover been embellished by new and marvelous hypotheses.You also have most convenient tables, from which you will beable to compute those motions with the utmost ease for anytime whatever. Therefore buy, read, and enjoy [this work]. Let no one untrained in geometry enter here.

– Nicholas Copernicus of Torun, Six Books on the Revolutions of theHeavenly Spheres

In this passage, Copernicus states that he accomplished his work by

A) Karl Marx B) John LockeC) Thomas Hobbes D) Niccolo Machiavelli

30. Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails toprotect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property, thepeople have the right to overthrow it?

A) banks B) ParliamentC) universities D) Anglican Church

31. Which institution became stronger and limited the monarchy inorder to end absolutism in England?

A) coalition government B) fascist dictatorshipC) Marxist dictatorship D) limited government

32. The English Bill of Rights and the political philosophy of JohnLocke both support the idea of a

A) religious traditions to secular valuesB) divine right rule to people's participation in governmentC) rural lifestyles to urban lifestylesD) private property ownership to government ownership

33. "The French Revolution is most important for having changedsubjects to citizens."

This statement emphasizes the shift from

A) elimination of laissez-faire capitalismB) formation of government based on a social contractC) continuation of absolute monarchyD) rejection of the natural rights philosophy

34. “If man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of hisown person and possessions, why will he give up his freedom? Whywill he put himself under the control of any person or institution?The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature areconstantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equaland since most men do not concern themselves with equity andjustice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe andinsecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preservehis life, liberty, and property.”— John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690

This statement provides support for the

A) defeat in and humiliation of the Franco-Prussian WarB) influence of and privileges granted to the First and Second

EstatesC) increasing confrontations between Catholics and ProtestantsD) conflict between competing branches of the French royal

family

35. The French Revolution was a reaction to the

A) rid society of secular beliefsB) alter the government to bring about reformC) create change through nonviolent meansD) end economic inequalities using social media

36. One way in which the motives for the Arab Spring and for theFrench Revolution are similar is that people wanted to

A) executing the king B) restricting access to educationC) creating more radical military strategies D) expanding the definition of equality

37. Base your answer on the document excerpts below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Based on these excerpts, which action would most likely be supported by Olympe de Gouges?

38. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below.

A) All monarchs should have absolute power.B) Only wealthy landowners should have political representation.C) The Catholic Church should have more political power.D) Common people deserve a voice in government.

Which of the following best represents Abbe Sieye's point of view in this passage?

Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the passage below.

"... Give Venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the people or their representatives, and youwill have taken a great step toward national happiness. No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by theConstitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him onlyinsofar as he abides by the law. If he attempts to infringe upon the law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating himfrom the Republic, and they will even bring charges against him in the Senate. The ministers, being responsible for anytransgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their actions...."

— Simón Bolívar, 1819

A) Niccolo Machiavelli B) Baron de MontesquieuC) Napoleon Bonaparte D) Karl Marx

39. The ideas expressed by Simón Bolívar in this passage most closely parallel the ideas of which of the following people?

A) Workers should control the means of production.B) Italy should be united under a single government.C) Japan must industrialize in order to compete with the powers of Europe.D) The nations of Latin America should be independent and free from colonial rule.

40. Based on this passage, Simón Bolívar would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

A) dissatisfaction with czarist ruleB) discontent with involvement in World War IC) irritation over the banning of the Orthodox churchD) failure to emancipate the serfs

41. What was a major reason the Russian people engaged in theRevolution of 1905?

A) establishment of Moscow as the capital cityB) extension of Russia's borders to the Northern Caucuses and

UkraineC) westernization and modernization of the countryD) emancipation of the serfs on private estates

42. Which change is most closely associated with Peter the Great ofRussia?

A) had many diverse ethnic groupsB) possessed limited natural resourcesC) served as a crossroads for tradeD) lacked a navy

43. One reason the Russian Empire was difficult to unite was that it

A) promoted the emancipation of serfsB) strengthened the role of the Duma and centralized royal powerC) shared their power with the Russian Orthodox ChurchD) pursued a policy of westernization and expansion

44. One way in which the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine theGreat are similar is that both leaders

A) on collective farms B) in fortified villagesC) in urban ghettos D) in industrial areas

45. As a result of discrimination during the 19th century, where weremany Jews in eastern Europe forced to live?

46. Base your answer to the following question on the drawing below.

A) Peter the Great believed that Russians were not religious enough.B) Peter the Great was trained as a barber before becoming assuming power.C) Peter the Great believed that Russian would benefit from western ideas and technology.D) Peter the Great led a communist revolution based on the ideas of Karl Marx.

Which of the following claims best represents a reason for the action shown in this drawing?

47. Base your answer to the following question on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Otto Von Bismarck and Wilhelm II B) Klemens von Metternich and Victor Emmanuel IIIC) Camillo di Cavour and Guiseppe Mazzini D) Alexander II and Frederick the Great

Which pair of individuals played a direct role in the changes that took place between Map A and Map B?

48. Base your answer to the following question on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) interdependence B) unification C) imperialism D) apathy

All the elements identified in the illustration contributed to German

Base your answers to questions 49 and 50 on the 19th century Irishsong lyrics below.

. . . What has poor Ireland done, mother, —What has poor Ireland done,

That the world looks on, and sees us starve,Perishing one by one?

Do the men of England care not, mother, —The great men and the high, —

For the suffering sons of Erin's isle,Whether they live or die? . . .

— A.M Edmond,"Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother"

A) Irish independence from Great BritainB) mass migration of Irish people to North AmericaC) Irish neutrality during World War IID) an increase in Ireland's population

49. The situation described in these lyrics most directly led to which ofthe following?

A) Black DeathB) war between Catholics and ProtestantsC) the HolocaustD) failure of the potato crop

50. The situation described in these lyrics most directly resulted fromwhich of the following?

A) equalizing the standard of living for peasant populationsB) establishing communities that are self-sufficientC) maintaining the diversity of indigenous agricultureD) meeting demands outside the region of production

51. The development of cash-crop economies promotes globalization by

A) industrial development would severely limit populationgrowth

B) famine and war were natural checks on population growthC) countries with larger populations would conquer countries

with smaller populationsD) food production would increase at a faster rate than

populations would

52. According to Thomas Malthus, the rate of increase for humanpopulations in relation to the rate of increase for food productionwas a problem. Malthus believed that

A) good harbors B) large forestsC) highland climate D) monsoon winds

53. Which geographic feature aided industrialization in Great Britain?

A) Japan B) GermanyC) Russia D) England

54. • Abundant coal resources• Development of steam power• Building of an extensive canal system

In the late 1700s, these conditions allowed the Industrial Revolutionto begin in

A) caravel B) astrolabeC) airplane D) steam engine

55. Transportation in the 1800s was revolutionized by the developmentof the

56. Base your answer to the following question on the quotations below.

Quotation 1:"The Humble ADDRESS and PETITION of Thousands, who labor in the Cloth Manufactory. SHEWETH, That theScribbling-Machines have thrown thousands of your petitioners out of employ, whereby they are brought into great distress, andare not able to procure a maintenance for their families, and deprived them of the opportunity of bringing up their children tolabour: We have therefore to request, that prejudice and self-interest may be laid aside, and that you may pay that attention to thefollowing facts, which the nature of the case requires. . . ."— Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786Quotation 2: "In the Manufacture of Woollens, the Scribbling Mill, the Spinning Frame, and the Fly Shuttle, have reduced manual Labournearly One third, and each of them at its – first Introduction carried an Alarm to the Work People, yet each has contributed toadvance the Wages and to increase the Trade, so that if an Attempt was now made to deprive us of the Use of them, there is noDoubt, but every Person engaged in the Business, would exert himself to defend them. . . ."— Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants, 1791

A) worker-management cooperation B) technological unemploymentC) opportunities for unionism D) positive change

Quotation 1 describes the situation in terms of

A) modifying laissez-faire practicesB) opposing the spread of communismC) restricting voting rightsD) reforming the landholding system

57. Base your answer to the question on the excerpt below and on yourknowledge of social studies.

. . . That in some few instances the regular hours of work donot exceed ten, exclusive of the time allowed for meals;sometimes they are eleven, but more commonly twelve; and ingreat numbers of instances the employment is continued forfifteen, sixteen, and even eighteen hours consecutively. That in almost every instance the Children work as long asthe adults; being sometimes kept at work sixteen, and eveneighteen hours, without any intermission ....

– The Physical and Moral Condition of the Children

and Young Persons Employed in

Mines and Manufactures, 1843

This type of evidence was used in the argument for

A) traditional economy B) market economyC) command economy D) mixed economy

58. Laissez-faire practices are most closely associated with a

A) slash-and-burn agriculture and animal-powered technologyB) central planning and government quotasC) private property and profit incentiveD) national health care and social security

59. Which traits characterize a laissez-faire capitalist economic system?

A) Private ownership of businesses helps workers.B) Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the

poor.C) Countries should benefit from the wealth of their colonies.D) Industrial capitalism allows workers and employers to work

together for a common purpose.

60. Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?

A) workhouse rules B) sanitation regulationsC) factory conditions D) suffrage laws

61. Base your answer on the drawing below and on your knowledge of social studies.

This 1852 drawing most likely would have been used to argue for improvements in

A) Imperialists rejected the use of railroads in their colonies.B) European governments opposed the development of railroads.C) Railroads helped promote the factory system and

urbanization.D) Railroads made transportation of goods less efficient.

62. Which statement about railroad systems in the 19th and early 20thcenturies is accurate?

A) control immigration to the coloniesB) limit the slave tradeC) expand irrigation systemsD) decrease the distance of trade routes

63. The primary purpose of both the Suez and the Panama canals was to

A) Factory conditions affected people's health.B) Labor unions were formed.C) Unskilled laborers received low wages.D) Machinery replaced workers.

64. During the Industrial Revolution, which development resulted fromthe other three?

Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the passage below.

. . . That in some few instances the regular hours of work donot exceed ten, exclusive of the time allowed for meals;sometimes they are eleven, but more commonly twelve; and ingreat numbers of instances the employment is continued forfifteen, sixteen, and even eighteen hours consecutively. That in almost every instance the Children work as long asthe adults; being sometimes kept at work sixteen, and eveneighteen hours, without any intermission ....

– The Physical and Moral Condition of the Children

and Young Persons Employed in

Mines and Manufactures, 1843

A) the Green RevolutionB) Bolshevik RevolutionC) mass migration of people from urban to rural areasD) formation of labor unions

65. Which of the following resulted most directly from the conditionsdescribed in this passage?

A) five-year plans B) imperialismC) laissez-faire economics D) appeasement

66. Which government practice contributed most directly to theconditions described in this passage?

67. Base your answer to the following question on the poem below.

Take up the White Man's burden—Send forth the best ye breed—Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait, in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.

—Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man's Burden"

A) France B) Russia C) Japan D) India

The point of view in this poem contributed most directly to Britishactions in which of the following places?

A) Asians respected Europeans as representatives of an advancedcivilization.

B) Europe was able to dominate military and commercialrelations with Asia.

C) Europeans respected Asian laws and customs.D) Many Asians adopted European religious practices.

68. What was a principal reason for the success of Europeancolonialism in Asia in the late 1800s?