1.That is the woman. She bought my laptop.

-> That is the woman who bought my laptop.

2.We know many people. They live in London.

-> We know many people who live in London.

S

S

• A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause gives extra information about a noun in the main clause.

• Ex: That is the woman who bought my laptop.

Relative clause

WHO is used in relative clause to talk about people.

• The man – he lives next door - is friendly.• The man who lives next door is friendly.

• ->Who is used instead of he

• We know many people – they live in London.• We know many people who live in London.

• -> Who is used instead of they

EX:I don’t like stories. They have unhappy

endings. S

->I don’t like stories which have unhappy endings.

Lan works for a company. It makes typewrites.

->Lan works for a company which makes typewrites.

S

Where are the eggs?– they were in the fridge?

Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?

WHICH is used to talk about things

NOTES:

Who and which can be replaced by that.

Ex: The man that lives next door is friendly.

(that = who) I don’t like the stories that have

unhappy ending.(that = which)

CONCLUSION:

WHOWHICHTHAT

Subject in the relative clause

BUT:

Who refers to people

Which refers to things

That refers to people and things

1.The man – I wanted to see him – was away on holiday.

->The man who (that) I wanted to see was away on holiday.

2.Have you found the keys? – You lost them

->Have you found the keys which (that) you lost.

If who,which or that are objects of the verb in the relativeclause, we can leave it out.

O

O

Ex: Is there anything(which) I can do?

The dress (which)Linh bought doesn’t fit her very well.

The girl (who) Phong is going to marry is Lan.

That’s the car (which) I used to own.

We saw some people. Their car had broken down.

= We saw some people whose car had broken down.

A widow is a woman. Her husband is dead.

= A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.Whose + noun = adjective possessive + noun

Adj.poss.

n

Adj.poss n

We use whose in relative clauses instead of his/her/their

Whose = of whomWhose usually refers to people.

Ex: This is Son.His sister is staying with us.

->This is Son whose sister is staying with us.

The hotel – we stayed there – wasn’t very clean.

= The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.

NOTES:Where in the relative clause is used to

talk about places.

• Ex: I went back to the town. I was born there.

-> I went back to the town where I was born.

I would like to live in a country. There is plenty of sunshine there.

-> I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine.