1st semester final exam - two column full 2012-2013 pdf

7/30/2019 1st Semester Final Exam - Two Column FULL 2012-2013 PDF

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Manifest Destiny WHAT: The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific.SIGNIFICANCE: People moved West!WHY: California Gold Rush, 1849First coined by newspaper editor, John OSullivan in 1845.

Homestead Act, 1862 Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee

-160 acres (1/4 mile square)

-Must be 21 years of age and head of household-Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship-Must farm land for 5 years

EFFECT:More people moved WEST!

The Great Plains More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the GREATAMERICAN DESERT by Major Stephen Long (an explorer)

CHANGE:By the late 1800s, it was called the Bread Basket of America!

Major factors for peoplemoving (migrating orimmigrating westward) Midto late 1800s?

Gold Rush, Homestead Act, escape discrimination (Exodusters)

boomtowns/ghost towns They grew up over-night in the west providing: restaurants, laundries, hotels for miners.EXAMPLEVirginia City, Nevada

Comstock Lode Discovery of one of the largest silver deposits in the world ($230 million) in Virginia City, Nevada.RESULT: Encouraged people to move to Nevada!

Open Range Vast area of grassland owned by the government in the west. Provided free grazing land for cattle herds

Range Wars Fights over land (open range) between farmers and ranchersRESULTS: Over time long drives ended and big-business ranches developed!

haciendas huge Spanish ranches in the southwest owned by the rich!

Name the big businessCyrus McCormick ?

mechanical reapers

Buffalo Plains Indians relied most on the buffalo.

Sod Busters Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains?HINTThink about their houses!

Barbed-Wire Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land.It was one of the reasons the long drives ended!


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John Deere He invented the steel plow in the 1830s.

It helped the Sod-Busters break through on the Great Plains after the passing of the Homestead Act in 1862?

List 3 major improvementsin technology which helpedfarmers who moved westafter the Civil War.

Dry farming, steel plow, mechanical reaper, barbed wire

Bonanza Farms Name for large farms on the Great Plains that made huge profits!Usually WHEAT FARMS! They turned into big businesses?

Long Drive The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets.Texas to KansasKansas to stockyards in ChicagoIn the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east

Wheat BeltCorn BeltCotton Belt

Battle of the Little BigHorn, 1876

Major Indian victorySioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse7th Cavalry led by general George A. CusterCalled Custer's last stand

RESULT:Over 200 men from seventh cavalry killed

nomads people who move from place to place!EXAMPLEGreat Plains Indians (relied on the buffalo)

Sand Creek Massacre, 1864 Colonel J.M. Chivingtons militia massacred some 600 Indians.The Indians thought that they were going to negotiate a peace treaty.Women were shot while praying, children were killed and braves were tortured and mutilated

Chief Joseph Best known leader of the Nez Perce (Pacific Northwest) - a humanitarian and peacemakerfamous for resistance to against American encroachments on their landKEY:Didnt want to be moved to a reservation in IdahoTried to flee to Canada!

Battle of Wounded Knee,1890

Last major armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United StatesLater described as a "massacre" in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs


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Dawes Act, 1887 GOAL: The goal was to assimilate Native Americans into white culture quickly

WHAT:outlawed tribal ownership of landforced 160-acre homesteads into the hands ofindividual Indians and their familiesthe promise of future citizenship (after 25 years)

RESULTS: stripped tribes of their land BUT FAILED to incorporate Native Americans into U.S. society

Helen Hunt Jackson published A Century of Dishonor 1881detailing the federal governments bad record in dealing with the Indians

EFFECT:created a certain amount of sympathy for the plight of the Indians

Buffalo Soldiers Name for African American cavalry soldiers - 9th and 10th U.S. Cavalry

Boomers/Sooners These groups took part in the Oklahoma land rush (1889)!___________ waited for the signal during the Oklahoma rush and ___________ jumped the gun.

Movement of people after

the Civil War, during thelate 1800s (from where towhere)?

rural to urban

urbanization movement of people to cities

immigration The act of moving into a country (usually to become a permanent resident) COMING IN.

emigration When people leave their native country or place to start new lives elsewhere.

1st major wave ofimmigration to the U.S.?

Northern and Western Europe

2nd major wave ofimmigration to the U.S.?

Southern and Eastern Europe

Nativism Policy of favoring American-born residents (over recent or new immigrants)

Angel Island Located in San Francisco Bay, it was a reception center for most Asian-born immigrants to the U.S. (1910).

Ellis Island Located in NY Harbor, it was the main reception center for immigrants coming into the U.S. on the eastern coast (1892-1934)

assimilation When one culture rapidlyconforms with another. With the Dawes Act, the U.S. wanted Native Americans to ___________into American society.

Primary source Documents or objects containing FIRSTHAND evidence of events (they were actually there!)EXAMPLELetter from George Washington

Secondary Source Works that are NOT ORIGINAL manuscripts or records of events. They usually interpret firsthand accounts.EXAMPLEtextbooks


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THEMES to prepare for:

- How did WWII affect the lives of Americans?

- How did technology and innovation affect the settlement of the West after the Civil War?