1st responsepowerpoint2011
TRANSCRIPT
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Principles of first aid Preserve life:
Prevent deterioration:
Promote recovery:
Airway Breathing
Stop bleeding Treat shock Treat other injuries
Reassure Relieve pain Handle with care Protect from harm
Circulation
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Assess dangers
Make safe
Give emergency aid
Get help
Clear up
Look after yourself
Action in an emergency
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The first person at the scene of an incident should:
Danger
Make the area safe
Response Airway Breathing
Reassure the casualty and bystanders Use bystanders to help Prioritise and respond to the immediate needs of the casualty Send for help
Circulation
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Inform next of kin, if possible
Complete reports to include: Details of the incident
As soon as possible:
Location of the incident Date and time of the incident Who was involved What was done Who was notified
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If possible, wear disposable gloves, improvise with polythene bags or consider whether the casualty can help, eg apply pressure to bleeding. Remember:
Wash your hands carefully afterwards.
Infection control
Clean surfaces with bleach diluted 1:10 with water. If possible, keep any minor wounds covered with a plaster. Buy and use a resuscitation face shield. Dispose of soiled items appropriately.
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Recovery position
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A – Alert – will talk but may be drowsy. V – Responds to Voice – responds to simple commands, eg ‘open your eyes’, or may respond to simple questions.
P – Responds to Pain – will react (eg make a noise) to a pinch on the back of the hand.
U – Unresponsive – there is no response at all.
Levels of consciousness
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Causes of unconsciousness:
Fainting Imbalance of heat Shock Heart attack/ angina pectoris Stroke Head injuries
Asphyxia/hypoxia/ near drowning Asthma Anaphylaxis Poisoning Seizures Diabetic emergencies
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Primary survey
Check for danger.
Emergency life supportfor adults and children
1 Check for response. Speak loudly and clearly to the casualty. Ask questions like ‘are you all right?’.
If there is no response, shout for help. Do not leave the casualty.
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Emergency life supportfor adults and children2 Open the airway.
3 Check for normal breathing. Look, listen and feel.
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Emergency life supportfor adults and children4 If breathing normally, place in the recovery position.
CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES
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Basic life support
Carry out a primary survey:
Emergency life supportfor adults and children
CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES
For childrenIt can be more beneficial to give five initial breaths followed by cycles of 30:2 compressions and breaths. One-handed compressions may be more suitable.
Danger Response Airway Breathing Circulation
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Emergency life supportfor adults and children1 If not breathing normally, start CPR with 30 chest compressions.
2 Open the airway.
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Emergency life supportfor adults and children3 Give two rescue breaths. Continue with
30 compressions and two rescue breaths until: Qualified help arrives to take over. The casualty starts to breathe normally. You become too exhausted to continue.
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Chain of survival
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Fluid loss – bleeding, burns, severe diarrhoea or vomiting
Cardiac problems – heart attack, electrocution
Anaphylaxis – severe allergic reaction to stings, types of food, environmental features, poisons
Shock: causes
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Pale, cold, clammy skin
Shock: signs and symptoms
Weak, dizzy, light-headed Nausea or vomiting Thirsty Yawning Anxiety or irrational behaviour Rapid, weak pulse Rapid, shallow breathing Dropping level of consciousness
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Treat the cause and prevent the condition getting worse by:
Shock: treatment
Correct positioning of the casualty Reassurance Keeping the casualty fairly warm Monitoring breathing if necessary Do not give anything to eat or drink
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Direct pressure
Bleeding
Elevate
Dress
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Elevation sling
Slings
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Arm sling
Slings
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Choking
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Heart attack position
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Fractures
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Nose bleeds
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Duty of care for other people’s children
Whilst first aiders would not normally give medication, youth leaders working with other people’s children have a duty of care equivalent to that of a ‘responsible parent’
They are often required to look after or carry medicines for young children and sometimes need to administer them
Leaders should always seek parental permission before doing so
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First aid kits
A guide to the contents of a kit: 1 pair of disposable non-latex protective gloves 20 individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings 2 sterile eye pads 4 individually wrapped triangular bandages, preferably sterile 6 safety pins 6 medium-sized (approximately 12cm x 12cm) individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressings
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First aid kits
You may like to include: Resuscitation shield Scissors Extra gloves Adhesive tape Steripods
Guidance leaflet (a leaflet supplied with the kit or that you make yourself which includes brief instructions on emergency treatment)
Individually wrapped moist cleaning wipes for the first aider’s hands
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