1st canadian wine sommelier to... · 1st canadian wine sommelier championship in greater china...
TRANSCRIPT
Canada | Rooted in Cool
• 41 and 50 ° North
• 670+ wineries
• 1770 grape growers
• 30,000 acres
(12,150 Hectares)
• 4 main growing
regions: British
Columbia, Ontario,
Nova Scotia and
Quebec
British Columbia 48˚- 51˚
Acres: 10,260 (4,152 Hectares)
Wineries: 276 Ontario 41˚- 44˚
Acres: 17,000 (6,900 Hectares)
Wineries: 165
Quebec 45˚- 47˚
Acres: 2000 (808 Hectares)
Wineries: 138
Nova Scotia 44˚- 46˚
Acres: 800 (323 Hectares)
Wineries: 20
Canada | Wine Regions
DEFINED AS THE SUM OF THE MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE OVER
10˚C (50˚F) DURING THE GROWING SEASON (APRIL 1 – OCTOBER 31).
Geisenheim, Germany 1050
Epernay, France (Champagne) 1050
Kentville, Annapolis Valley, NS 1175
Hawkes Bay, New Zealand 1200
Northern Okanagan, British Columbia 1200
Prince Edward County, Ontario 1250
Roseburg, Oregon 1250
Gaspereau Valley, Nova Scotia 1257
Beaune, France (Burgundy) 1315
Yakima, Washington 1426
Napa, California 1450
Niagara Peninsula, Ontario 1485
Southern Okanagan, British Columbia 1495
Lake Erie North Shore, Ontario 1528
Canada | Growing Degree Days
ONTARIO
• Core White Varieties: Riesling, Chardonnay
• Core Red Varieties: Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc,
Gamay Noir
BRITISH COLUMBIA
• Most Planted Whites: Pinot Gris, Chardonnay,
Gewurztraminer, Riesling
• Most Planted Reds: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet
Sauvignon, Syrah, Cabernet Franc
NOVA SCOTIA
• Most Planted Whites: L’Acadie Blanc,
Chardonnay
• Most Planted Reds: Maréchal Foch, Léon Millot
QUEBEC
• Most Popular Whites: Seyval Blanc, Vidal,
Frontenac Gris + Blanc, St - Pepin
• Most Popular Reds: Frontenac Noir, Marquette,
Maréchal Foch, Seyval Noir, St. Croix
Canada | Main Grape Varieties
ONTARIO
• 60+ wineries producing sparkling wines
• Over 70% of production is Traditional Method
• 80% of production from Chardonnay + Pinot
Noir, with Riesling, Gamay Noir, Sauvignon
Blanc + others used for TM + Charmat Method
BRITISH COLUMBIA
• 70+ sparkling wines producers of which 50% is
Traditional Method
• Increasing production of Frizzante style wines
• Main grapes: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc,
Gamay Noir, Gewurztraminer + many others
NOVA SCOTIA
• 10 of the 20 wineries produce sparkling wine
• 6 producers making Traditional Method
• Main varieties: Chardonnay, L'Acadie Blanc,
Seyval Blanc, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir
Canada | Sparkling Wine
Nova Scotia | Vineyards and Ocean
• Located at 45° latitude with soils formed and shaped by glacial
movements
• Coastal province, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean with warm
Gulf Stream influences
• No community more than 60 kilometers from open sea
• The Bay of Fundy has the largest tidal shifts in the world making
for cooling summer breezes and a large unfrozen body of water in
the winter
Nova Scotia | Tidal Bay
Tidal Bay Appellation Wine: Pairs well with seafood and ocean views
• Signature style for crisp aromatic white wines that reflect the coastal
breezes and cooler climate of the region
• Must be made from designated grape varieties,100% Nova Scotia grown,
follow viticulture standards and practices, no more than 11% alcohol and
approved by an independent blind tasting panel
- Fresh whites that are perfectly suited to pair with Nova Scotia sea food
The Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) is an appellation system
modeled on European appellation systems. Provincially regulated
standards are in place in both Ontario and British Columbia.
ONTARIO VQA
• VQA Ontario = 100% Ontario grown grapes
• VQA Ontario identifies three primary
• appellations
• Another 10 sub-appellations were created within the
Niagara Peninsula in 2005
• One sub-appellation was added to LENS in 2016
BC VQA
• BC VQA = 100% BC grown grapes
• BC VQA identifies five primary appellations
and one official sub-appellation
• Creation of additional sub-appellations is in process
Canada | VQA Wines of Origin
Canada | Ontario
1811
Johann Schiller transplants
labrusca and hybrid grape
vines on 20 acres in
Cooksville, Ontario.
1873
George Barnes opens
Niagara’s first winery, called
The Ontario Grape Growing
and Wine Manufacturing
Company, later renamed
Barnes Winery.
1890
There are 35 wineries in
Ontario, mostly based in
Essex County.
1927
The Liquor Control Board of
Ontario (LCBO) is created to
regulate distribution and sale
of all wine, beer and spirits,
and to regulate Ontario wine.
1952
Brights Wines removes 600
acres of native vines to plant
new vitis vinifera and hybrid
varieties and produces
Canada’s first vinifera wine
in 1955.
1974
The Wine Council of Ontario
is incorporated. In 1975, Karl
Kaiser and Donald Ziraldo of
Inniskillin receive the first
new winery license in almost
50 years (Inniskillin Wines).
1983
First experiential Icewines
are produced at some
wineries. The first
commercial Icewine is
produced in 1984.
1988
Ontario wineries create the
Vintner’s Quality Alliance
(VQA) to set out geographic
appellations and introduce
strict production standards
that became law in 1999.
2005
After three years of study,
VQA designates two regional
appellations and ten sub-
appellations within the
Niagara Peninsula. Currently
75 wineries in Ontario.
Prince Edward County
becomes a VQA appellation
in 2007.
2011
The annual International
Cool Climate Chardonnay
Celebration is launched in
Niagara, the first event
assembling international
winemakers for an event in
Ontario.
1978 + 1979
Early vinifera vineyards are
established by Chateau des
Charmes, Cave Spring
Cellars and Vineland
Estates.
Ontario | Wineries and Wine
• 165 VQA wineries
• Produce still, sparkling, late harvest and Icewine
• Total planted vineyards: 17,000 acres (6,900 hectares)
• Average annual production of VQA wines of origin in a typical
year: 30 million bottles (750ml)
• Total retail value of VQA wines: $400 million CAD
Ontario | Appellations
Primary Appellations
• Niagara Peninsula (with 10 sub-appellations)
• Lake Erie North Shore (with one sub-appellation)
• Prince Edward County
Ontario | Niagara: Topography and Soil
Soil types in the Niagara wine growing region
Cross section of the Niagara Peninsula
» Made from grapes naturally frozen
on the vine
» Low yields: 10 Icewine grapes = 1
ml Icewine
» Most common varieties: Vidal,
Riesling, Cabernet Franc
» Small lots: Gewurztraminer,
Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon
» First made in British Columbia in
1978
» First made in Ontario in 1984 and
produced every year since
» Made in every region, 90% from
Ontario
» Average annual production ~1
million litres.
Canada | Icewine
Canada | British Columbia
• Grape growing and winemaking date back
to 1800s with sacramental wine grown in
Kelowna
• Modern industry began in early 1990s with
vine pullout and replanting scheme under
the Canada US Free Trade Agreement
• 1990s: rapid growth of wineries and
vineyards; focus switch from whites to reds
• 2000s: High local demand for BC wine led
to continued growth
• The future: Maturing vines, focus on site
(sub-appellation), varieties and quality
British Columbia | Rain Shadow
• Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys lie in a rain shadow between the
Coastal and Monashee mountain ranges
• Oliver to the Canada-US border is the northern most tip of the Sonoran
Desert, extending south to the Baja Peninsula in Mexico
• Very low annual precipitation (rain and snow) ranging between 318 mm
(12 inches) in Osoyoos and 415 mm (16 inches) in Kelowna, 100 km (62
miles) to the north
• A unique climate best described as a SHORT, HOT, GROWING SEASON
with desert-like conditions
Industry Associations:
• winebc.com / winebc.org
• winecountryontario.ca
• winesofnovascotia.ca
• vinsduquebec.com
• viquebec.com
• canadianvintners.com
VQA Regulatory Bodies:
• bcvqa.ca
• vqaontario.com
Grape Growers:
• grapegrowers.bc.ca
• grapegrowersofontario.com
Canada | Resources