1mrk506168-uen a en application manual line distance protection terminal rel511 2.5
TRANSCRIPT
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Application manualLine distance protection terminal
REL 511*2.5
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© Copyright 2006 ABB. All rights reserved.
Application manualLine distance protection terminal
REL 511*2.5
About this manual
Document No: 1MRK 506 168-UENIssued: February 2006
Revision: A
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COPYRIGHT
WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT A PATENT IS
ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER
USE, IN PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION TO THIRD PARTIES, IS NOT
PERMITTED.
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN CASE ANY ERRORS ARE
DETECTED, THE READER IS KINDLY REQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE
ADDRESS BELOW.
THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR THE CONCEPT OR
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARAN-
TEED PROPERTIES. IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CONSTANTLY SEEK TO
ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL STAN-
DARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE MAY BE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEENTHE HW/SW PRODUCT AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT.
Manufacturer:
ABB Power Technologies ABSubstation Automation ProductsSE-721 59 VästeråsSwedenTelephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18www.abb.com/substationautomation
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Contents
PageChapter
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 1
Introduction to the application manual ................................................. 2 About the complete set of manuals for a terminal .......................... 2 About the application manual ......................................................... 2Intended audience .......................................................................... 3
General...................................................................................... 3Requirements ............................................................................ 3
Related documents......................................................................... 3Revision notes ................................................................................ 3Glossary ......................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2 General ........................................................................... 11
Features............................................................................................. 12Functions ........................................................................................... 13 Application ......................................................................................... 17Design................................................................................................ 18Requirements .................................................................................... 19
General ......................................................................................... 19Voltage transformers .................................................................... 19Current transformers..................................................................... 19
Classification ........................................................................... 19Conditions................................................................................ 20Fault current ............................................................................ 21Cable resistance and additional load....................................... 21General current transformer requirements .............................. 21Distance protection ................................................................. 21Current transformer requirements for CTs according to otherstandards................................................................................. 22
Serial communication ........................................................................ 24SPA .............................................................................................. 24LON .............................................................................................. 24IEC 870-5-103 .............................................................................. 24
Terminal identification and base values............................................. 25 Application .................................................................................... 25Calculations .................................................................................. 25
Example 1................................................................................ 26Example 2................................................................................ 28
Chapter 3 Common functions ....................................................... 31
Real-time clock with external time synchronzation (TIME) ................ 32 Application .................................................................................... 32Functionality ................................................................................. 32
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Calculations .................................................................................. 32Four parameter setting groups (GRP) ............................................... 34
Application .................................................................................... 34Functionality.................................................................................. 34Design........................................................................................... 35
Setting restriction of HMI (SRH)......................................................... 36 Application .................................................................................... 36Functionality.................................................................................. 36
I/O system configurator (IOP) ............................................................ 38 Application .................................................................................... 38Functionality.................................................................................. 38
I/O position .............................................................................. 38Configuration ........................................................................... 39
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) ......................................................... 40 Application .................................................................................... 40
Application ............................................................................... 40
Functionality.................................................................................. 40Inverter (INV) ........................................................................... 40Controllable gate (GT) ............................................................. 41OR ........................................................................................... 41 AND ......................................................................................... 42Timer ....................................................................................... 43Timer settable through HMI/SMS/PST .................................... 46Pulse........................................................................................ 47Exclusive OR (XOR)................................................................ 48Set-Reset (SR) ........................................................................ 49Set-Reset with/without memory (SM) ...................................... 50MOVE ...................................................................................... 51
Calculations .................................................................................. 53Self supervision with internal event recorder (INT) ............................ 54 Application .................................................................................... 54Functionality.................................................................................. 54
Blocking of signals during test (BST) ................................................. 58Functionality.................................................................................. 58
Chapter 4 Line distance ................................................................. 59
Distance protection (ZM).................................................................... 60 Application .................................................................................... 60
General .................................................................................... 60Distance protection zones ....................................................... 60Complement to the line differential protection ......................... 61Set of simplified setting parameters......................................... 61Basic characteristics................................................................ 61
Functionality.................................................................................. 66Measuring principle ................................................................. 66Measured impedance .............................................................. 68Directional lines ....................................................................... 71
Design........................................................................................... 72Full-scheme measurement ...................................................... 72Distance protection zone one .................................................. 73
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Remaining distance protection zones...................................... 77Calculations .................................................................................. 77
Setting instructions .................................................................. 77
Reach setting recommendations ............................................. 77Conversion to secondary impedances .................................... 78Basic zone setting recommendations...................................... 78Earth return compensation ...................................................... 80Fault resistance ....................................................................... 82Zero-sequence mutual coupling on multicircuit lines............... 83Setting of the reach in resistive direction ................................ 89Setting of minimum operating current...................................... 91Setting of timers for the distance protection zones.................. 92Setting the directional lines...................................................... 92Simplified operating characteristic........................................... 93Set of simplified setting parameters ........................................ 93
Configuration ................................................................................ 93
Basic configuration .................................................................. 93ZMn--BLOCK functional input.................................................. 94ZMn--VTSZ functional input..................................................... 94ZMn--BLKTR functional input .................................................. 94ZMn--STCND functional input ................................................. 94ZMn--START functional output................................................ 95ZMn--TRIP functional output ................................................... 95ZMn--STND functional output.................................................. 95
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)........................................... 96 Application .................................................................................... 96Functionality ................................................................................. 96Calculations .................................................................................. 97
Setting instructions .................................................................. 97Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)......................................................... 98
Application .................................................................................... 98Functionality ................................................................................. 98
Zone extension ........................................................................ 98Loss-of-load acceleration ........................................................ 98
Calculations .................................................................................. 99Setting instructions .................................................................. 99
General fault criteria (GFC) ............................................................. 100 Application .................................................................................. 100
Phase preference logic.......................................................... 102Functionality ............................................................................... 102
Impedance measuring elements ........................................... 102Measuring elements for the ph-E faults ................................. 102Measuring elements for ph-ph and three-phase faults .......... 104Current-based GFC elements ............................................... 106
Design ........................................................................................ 106Phase preference logic.......................................................... 112
Calculations ................................................................................ 116Setting instructions ................................................................ 116General setting parameters ................................................... 116Setting parameters for the I> mode of operation ................... 117Setting parameters for the Z< mode of operation.................. 117Phase preference logic.......................................................... 119
Power swing detection (PSD) .......................................................... 121
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Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent protection (IOC) ............ 146 Application .................................................................................. 146Functionality ............................................................................... 147
Design ........................................................................................ 147Calculations ................................................................................ 150Setting instructions ................................................................ 150Meshed network without parallel line..................................... 150Meshed network with parallel line.......................................... 152Setting instructions ................................................................ 154Meshed network without parallel line..................................... 154.......................................... Meshed network with parallel line156
Definite time non-directional overcurrent protection (TOC) ............. 158 Application .................................................................................. 158Functionality ............................................................................... 158Design ........................................................................................ 159Calculations ................................................................................ 161
Setting instructions ................................................................ 161Setting of operating current IP>............................................. 162Setting instructions ................................................................ 162Setting of operating current IN> ............................................ 163
Two step time delayed non-directional phaseovercurrent protection (TOC2)......................................................... 165
Application .................................................................................. 165Functionality ............................................................................... 165Calculations ................................................................................ 166
Setting instructions ................................................................ 166Line protection in radial network ............................................ 166Line protection in meshed network........................................ 168
Setting characteristics ........................................................... 168Two step time delayed directional phaseovercurrent protection (TOC3) ........................................................ 170
Application .................................................................................. 170Functionality ............................................................................... 170
Theory of operation and design............................................. 170Current measuring element ................................................... 170Directional overcurrent function............................................. 171
Calculations ................................................................................ 177Setting instructions ................................................................ 177Line protection in a radial network ......................................... 177Line protection in meshed network........................................ 179Setting characteristics ........................................................... 179
Time delayed residual overcurrent protection (TEF) ...................... 181 Application .................................................................................. 181
Earth-fault overcurrent protection .......................................... 181Directional comparison logic function .................................... 182
Functionality ............................................................................... 182Theory of operation ............................................................... 182
Calculations ................................................................................ 185Setting instructions ................................................................ 185
Four step time delayed directional residualovercurrent protection (EF4) .......................................................... 189
Application .................................................................................. 189Functionality ............................................................................... 189
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Theory of operation ............................................................... 189Function logic ........................................................................ 189The directional measuring function........................................ 192Definite time overcurrent step 1............................................. 193Definite time overcurrent step 2 and 3................................... 194Overcurrent step 4 ................................................................. 194
Calculations ................................................................................ 195Settings.................................................................................. 195General .................................................................................. 195Step 1 .................................................................................... 195Step 2 and 3 .......................................................................... 199Step 4, non-directional........................................................... 201Inverse time delay ................................................................. 201Directional current function .................................................... 202Example of protection scheme .............................................. 203
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent protection (WEF1) .......... 205
Application .................................................................................. 205Functionality................................................................................ 205Calculations ................................................................................ 208
Sensitive directional residual power protection (WEF2) .................. 212 Application .................................................................................. 212Functionality................................................................................ 212Calculations ................................................................................ 216
Scheme communication logic for residualovercurrent protection (EFC) ......................................................... 220
Application .................................................................................. 220Functionality................................................................................ 220
Theory of operation ............................................................... 220
Directional comparison logic function .................................... 220Blocking scheme ................................................................... 221Permissive overreach scheme............................................... 221
Design......................................................................................... 222Blocking scheme ................................................................... 222Permissive overreaching scheme.......................................... 223
Calculations ................................................................................ 223Setting ................................................................................... 223Blocking scheme ................................................................... 223Permissive communication scheme ...................................... 223
Current reversal and weak end infeed logic forresidual overcurrent protection (EFCA) ........................................... 224
Application .................................................................................. 224
Current reversal logic............................................................. 224Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 224
Functionality................................................................................ 224Theory of operation ............................................................... 224Directional comparison logic function .................................... 224Fault current reversal logic .................................................... 225Weak and infeed logic ........................................................... 226
Design......................................................................................... 227Calculations ................................................................................ 228
Setting ................................................................................... 228Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) .................................... 230
Application .................................................................................. 230
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Functionality ............................................................................... 230Calculations ................................................................................ 231
Breaker failure protection (BFP) ...................................................... 234
Application .................................................................................. 234Functionality ............................................................................... 236Input and output signals ........................................................ 237Start functions........................................................................ 237Measuring principles.............................................................. 237
Design ........................................................................................ 239Calculations ................................................................................ 240
Setting ................................................................................... 240Human-machine interface (HMI) ........................................... 240
Chapter 6 Voltage ......................................................................... 241
Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) .................................. 242 Application .................................................................................. 242Functionality ............................................................................... 242Design ........................................................................................ 243Calculations ................................................................................ 243
Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV) .................................... 244 Application .................................................................................. 244Functionality ............................................................................... 244Design ........................................................................................ 244Calculations ................................................................................ 247
Setting ................................................................................... 247
Chapter 7 Power system supervision ......................................... 249
Broken conductor check (BRC) ....................................................... 250 Application .................................................................................. 250Functionality ............................................................................... 250Design ........................................................................................ 250Calculations ................................................................................ 251
Setting instructions ................................................................ 251Setting of the minimum operating current IP> ....................... 251Setting of time delay t ............................................................ 253
Loss of voltage check (LOV)............................................................ 254 Application .................................................................................. 254Functionality ............................................................................... 254Design ........................................................................................ 254Calculations ................................................................................ 256
Setting instructions ................................................................ 256Overload supervision (OVLD).......................................................... 257
Application .................................................................................. 257Functionality ............................................................................... 257Design ........................................................................................ 257Calculations ................................................................................ 258
Setting instructions ................................................................ 258Setting of operating current IP>............................................. 258
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Dead line detection (DLD)................................................................ 260 Application .................................................................................. 260Design......................................................................................... 260Calculations ................................................................................ 261
Setting instructions ................................................................ 261
Chapter 8 Secondary system supervision..................................263
Current circuit supervision, current based (CTSU) .......................... 264 Application .................................................................................. 264Functionality................................................................................ 264Calculations ................................................................................ 266
Setting instructions ................................................................ 266Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) ...................................................... 267
Application .................................................................................. 267Functionality................................................................................ 267Negative sequence................................................................ 267Zero sequence ...................................................................... 268du/dt, di/dt .............................................................................. 271Logic ...................................................................................... 271
Calculations ................................................................................ 273Negative sequence function .................................................. 273Setting of negative sequence voltage 3U2>.......................... 273Setting of negative sequence current 3I2< ............................ 273Zero sequence function ......................................................... 274Setting of zero sequence voltage 3U0>................................. 274Setting of zero sequence current 3I0.............................................. 274Setting of current change DI
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Voltage selection, single circuit breaker ................................ 291Voltage selection for a single bus and single bay.................. 292Voltage selection for a double bus and single bay ................ 293
Phasing, double circuit breaker ............................................. 294Voltage connection, double circuit breaker and single bay ... 295Functionality ............................................................................... 296
Single circuit breaker ............................................................. 296Synchrocheck........................................................................ 296Voltage selection ................................................................... 299Double circuit breaker ............................................................ 301Synchrocheck........................................................................ 301Phasing and synchrocheck, single circuit breaker ................. 304Phasing and synchrocheck.................................................... 304Voltage selection ................................................................... 308Phasing and synchrocheck, double circuit breaker ............... 309Phasing and synchrocheck.................................................... 309
Calculations ................................................................................ 313Settings for single circuit breaker .......................................... 313Operation............................................................................... 313Input phase............................................................................ 313UMeasure .............................................................................. 313PhaseShift ............................................................................. 313URatio.................................................................................... 313USelection ............................................................................. 313 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 313ManDBDL.............................................................................. 314UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 314FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 314
VTConnection........................................................................ 314tSync...................................................................................... 314Settings for double circuit breaker ......................................... 314Operation .............................................................................. 314Input phase............................................................................ 315UMeasure .............................................................................. 315PhaseShift ............................................................................. 315URatio.................................................................................... 315 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 315ManDBDL.............................................................................. 315UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 315FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 315tSync...................................................................................... 316Settings for single circuit breaker with phasing ..................... 316Operation............................................................................... 316Input phase............................................................................ 316PhaseShift ............................................................................. 316URatio.................................................................................... 316USelection ............................................................................. 316 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 316ManDBDL.............................................................................. 317UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 317FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 317OperationSync....................................................................... 317ShortPulse............................................................................. 317
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FreqDiffSynch........................................................................ 317tPulse..................................................................................... 317tBreaker ................................................................................. 317VTConnection........................................................................ 317tSync...................................................................................... 317FreqDiffBlock ......................................................................... 317Settings for double circuit breaker with phasing .................... 318Operation............................................................................... 318Input phase............................................................................ 318PhaseShift ............................................................................. 318URatio.................................................................................... 318 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 318ManDBDL .............................................................................. 319UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 319FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 319FreqDiffSynch........................................................................ 319
OperationSynch..................................................................... 319ShortPulse ............................................................................. 319tPulse..................................................................................... 319tBreaker ................................................................................. 319tSync...................................................................................... 319FreqDiffBlock ......................................................................... 319
Autorecloser (AR) ............................................................................ 320 Application .................................................................................. 320Functionality................................................................................ 322
AR operation.......................................................................... 322Start and control of the auto-reclosing................................... 322Extended AR open time, shot 1 ............................................. 322
Long trip signal ...................................................................... 323Reclosing programs............................................................... 323Blocking of a new reclosing cycle .......................................... 325Reclosing checks and Reclaim timer ..................................... 325Pulsing of CB closing command ............................................ 326Transient fault ........................................................................ 326Unsuccessful signal ............................................................... 326Permanent fault ..................................................................... 326 Automatic confirmation of programmed reclosing attempts... 326
Calculations ................................................................................ 327Configuration and setting....................................................... 327Recommendations for input signals....................................... 327Recommendations for output signals .................................... 328
Recommendations for multi-breaker arrangement ................ 330Settings.................................................................................. 332
Single command, 16 signals (CD) ................................................... 333 Application .................................................................................. 333Design......................................................................................... 334Calculations ................................................................................ 335
Setting ................................................................................... 335Multiple command (CM)................................................................... 336
Application .................................................................................. 336Design......................................................................................... 336
General .................................................................................. 336Binary signal interbay communication ................................... 336
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Calculations ................................................................................ 337Settings.................................................................................. 337
Chapter 10 Logic............................................................................. 339
Tripping logic (TR) ........................................................................... 340 Application .................................................................................. 340Functionality ............................................................................... 341Design ........................................................................................ 341
Three-phase front logic.......................................................... 342Phase segregated front logic................................................. 342 Additional logic for 1ph/3ph operating mode ......................... 343 Additional logic for 1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode .................. 344Final tripping circuits.............................................................. 345
Calculations ................................................................................ 346Pole discordance logic (PDc)........................................................... 347 Application .................................................................................. 347Functionality ............................................................................... 347
Functionality for contact based pole discordance.................. 347Design ........................................................................................ 348Calculations ................................................................................ 350
Setting Instruction.................................................................. 350High speed binary output logic (HSBO)........................................... 351
Application .................................................................................. 351Functionality ............................................................................... 351Design ........................................................................................ 353
Communication channel test logic (CCHT)...................................... 356 Application .................................................................................. 356Design ........................................................................................ 356
Selection of an operating mode............................................. 357Operation at sending end ...................................................... 357Operation at receiving end .................................................... 357
Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC12) ................................. 358 Application .................................................................................. 358Design ........................................................................................ 358
Remote end data communication.......................................... 360Event function (EV).......................................................................... 361
Application .................................................................................. 361Functionality ............................................................................... 361
Design ........................................................................................ 361General.................................................................................. 361Double indication ................................................................... 362Communication between terminals ....................................... 362
Calculations ................................................................................ 363Event counter (CN) .......................................................................... 364
Application .................................................................................. 364Functionality ............................................................................... 364
Reporting ............................................................................... 364Calculations ................................................................................ 364
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Chapter 11 Monitoring .................................................................... 365
Disturbance report ........................................................................... 366
Application .................................................................................. 366Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report .......... 366
Functionality................................................................................ 366Disturbance information......................................................... 367Indications ............................................................................. 368Event recorder ....................................................................... 368Fault locator ........................................................................... 368Trip values ............................................................................. 368Disturbance recorder ............................................................. 368Recording times..................................................................... 368 Analog signals ....................................................................... 369Binary signals ........................................................................ 370Trigger signals ....................................................................... 370
Calculations ................................................................................ 371Settings during normal conditions.......................................... 371Operation............................................................................... 372Sequence number ................................................................. 372Recording times..................................................................... 373Binary signals ........................................................................ 373 Analog signals ....................................................................... 373Behavior during test mode..................................................... 373
Indications........................................................................................ 375 Application .................................................................................. 375Functionality................................................................................ 375Calculations ................................................................................ 376
Disturbance recorder (DR)............................................................... 377 Application .................................................................................. 377Functionality................................................................................ 377
Recording Capacity ............................................................... 378Memory capacity ................................................................... 378Time tagging.......................................................................... 378Signal processing .................................................................. 378
Design......................................................................................... 379Calculations ................................................................................ 380
Event recorder (ER) ......................................................................... 382 Application .................................................................................. 382Functionality................................................................................ 382
Calculations ................................................................................ 382Fault locator (FLOC) ........................................................................ 383 Application .................................................................................. 383Functionality................................................................................ 383
Distance-to-fault locator ......................................................... 383Measuring principle..................................................................... 384 Accurate algorithm for measurement of distance to fault ........... 384The non-compensated impedance model .................................. 388Design......................................................................................... 389Calculations ................................................................................ 389
Trip value recorder (TVR) ................................................................ 391 Application .................................................................................. 391
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Design ........................................................................................ 391Calculations ................................................................................ 391
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) .......................................... 392
Application .................................................................................. 392Functionality ............................................................................... 392User-defined measuring ranges ............................................ 393Continuous monitoring of the measured quantity .................. 393Continuous supervision of the measured quantity................. 394
Design ........................................................................................ 399Calculations ................................................................................ 400
Increased accuray of AC input quantities (IMA) .............................. 404 Application .................................................................................. 404Functionality ............................................................................... 404
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) ........................................... 405 Application .................................................................................. 405Functionality ............................................................................... 405
User-defined measuring ranges ............................................ 405Continuous monitoring of the measured quantity .................. 406Continuous supervision of the measured quantity................. 407
Design ........................................................................................ 412Calculations ................................................................................ 414
Chapter 12 Metering ....................................................................... 417
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) .............................................. 418 Application .................................................................................. 418Functionality ............................................................................... 418Design ........................................................................................ 419Calculations ................................................................................ 420
Setting ................................................................................... 420
Chapter 13 System protection and control functions ................. 421
Pole Slip Protection (PSP)............................................................... 422 Application .................................................................................. 422
Oscillations of mechanical masses in power system............. 422Requirements on protection systems during poleslip conditions in network ................................................... 428
Functionality ............................................................................... 429Theory of operation ............................................................... 429Detection of the oscillations and transitions .......................... 432Tripping on way in and on way out ........................................ 435Close-in and remote end tripping areas ................................ 438
Design ........................................................................................ 438Detection of oscillations......................................................... 440Logic for cooperation with the line distance protection.......... 441Tripping criteria...................................................................... 443
Calculations ................................................................................ 450Setting instructions ................................................................ 450
Low active power protection (LAPP)................................................ 461
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Application .................................................................................. 461General .................................................................................. 461Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 461Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 462Breaker failure protection with transfer trip ............................ 462
Functionality................................................................................ 463General .................................................................................. 463 Active power calculation ........................................................ 463Direction of active power ....................................................... 464Conditioning elements ........................................................... 465
Design......................................................................................... 465Calculation.................................................................................. 468
Setting instructions ................................................................ 468Setting example..................................................................... 469
Low active and reactive power protection (LARP) ........................... 471 Application .................................................................................. 471
General .................................................................................. 471Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 471Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 472Breaker failure protection with transfer trip ............................ 473
Functionality................................................................................ 473General .................................................................................. 473 Active and reactive power calculation.................................... 474Direction of reactive power .................................................... 475Conditioning elements ........................................................... 475
Design......................................................................................... 476Calculation.................................................................................. 479
Setting instructions ................................................................ 479
Setting example..................................................................... 480High active power protection (HAPP) .............................................. 482 Application .................................................................................. 482Functionality................................................................................ 482
General .................................................................................. 482 Active power calculation ........................................................ 484Direction of active power ....................................................... 485
Design......................................................................................... 486Calculation.................................................................................. 489
Setting instructions ................................................................ 489Setting example..................................................................... 490
High active and reactive power protection (HARP).......................... 492 Application .................................................................................. 492
Functionality................................................................................ 493General .................................................................................. 493 Active and reactive power calculation.................................... 493Direction of reactive power .................................................... 494
Design......................................................................................... 495Calculation.................................................................................. 497
Setting instructions ................................................................ 497Setting example..................................................................... 498
Sudden change in phase current protection function (SCC1).......... 500 Application .................................................................................. 500
General .................................................................................. 500Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 500
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Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 501Breaker failure protection with transfer trip............................ 502
Functionality ............................................................................... 502
General.................................................................................. 502Sudden change in current calculation ................................... 503Design ........................................................................................ 503Calculation.................................................................................. 504
Setting instructions ................................................................ 504Setting example..................................................................... 505
Sudden change in residual current protection function (SCRC) ...... 507 Application .................................................................................. 507Functionality ............................................................................... 507Design ........................................................................................ 507Calculation.................................................................................. 509
Setting instructions ................................................................ 509Sudden change in voltage protection function (SCV) ...................... 510
Application .................................................................................. 510Functionality ............................................................................... 510
General.................................................................................. 510Sudden change in voltage calculation ................................... 510
Design ........................................................................................ 511Calculation.................................................................................. 512
Setting instructions ................................................................ 512Overvoltage protection (OVP).......................................................... 514
Application .................................................................................. 514Functionality ............................................................................... 514
General.................................................................................. 514Votage calculation ................................................................. 515
Design ........................................................................................ 515Calculation.................................................................................. 517
Setting instructions ................................................................ 517Setting example..................................................................... 517
Accurate undercurrent protection function (UCP)............................ 520 Application .................................................................................. 520
Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 520Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 521Breaker failure protection with transfer trip............................ 521
Functionality ............................................................................... 522Design ........................................................................................ 523Calculation.................................................................................. 524
Setting instructions ................................................................ 524Setting example..................................................................... 525
Phase overcurrent protection (OCP) ............................................... 527 Application .................................................................................. 527Functionality ............................................................................... 527Design ........................................................................................ 528Calculation.................................................................................. 530
Setting instructions ................................................................ 530Setting example..................................................................... 530
Residual overcurrent protection (ROCP) ......................................... 533 Application .................................................................................. 533Functionality ............................................................................... 533
General.................................................................................. 533
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Current calculation................................................................. 533Conditioning elements ........................................................... 533
Design......................................................................................... 533Calculation.................................................................................. 535
Setting instructions ................................................................ 535
Chapter 14 Data communication ...................................................537
Remote end data communication .................................................... 538 Application .................................................................................. 538
General .................................................................................. 538Design......................................................................................... 538Fibre optical module DCM-FOM ................................................. 540
Application ............................................................................. 540
Design ................................................................................... 541Calculation............................................................................. 543Galvanic interface ....................................................................... 543
Application ............................................................................. 543Design ................................................................................... 546
Short range galvanic module DCM-SGM ................................... 547 Application ............................................................................. 547
Short range fibre optical module DCM-SFOM ............................ 548 Application ............................................................................. 548
Co-directional G.703 galvanic interface DCM-G.703.................. 551 Application ............................................................................. 551
Carrier module ............................................................................ 551 Application ............................................................................. 551
Design ................................................................................... 552Serial communication....................................................................... 553
Serial communication, SPA ....................................................... 553 Application ............................................................................. 553Functionality .......................................................................... 554Design ................................................................................... 554Calculations ........................................................................... 555
Serial communication, IEC (IEC 60870-5-103 protocol) ............. 555 Application ............................................................................. 555Functionality .......................................................................... 557Design ................................................................................... 557Calculation............................................................................. 559
Serial communication, LON ........................................................ 561 Application ............................................................................. 561Functionality .......................................................................... 561Design ................................................................................... 561Calculations ........................................................................... 562
Serial communication modules................................................... 562SPA/IEC ................................................................................ 562LON ....................................................................................... 563
Chapter 15 Hardware modules ......................................................565
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Platform ........................................................................................... 566General ....................................................................................... 566Platform configuration................................................................. 566
3/4x19" platform.......................................................................... 5671/2x19" platform.......................................................................... 568Transformer module (TRM) ............................................................. 569 A/D module (ADM)........................................................................... 572Main processing module (MPM) ...................................................... 574Input/Output modules ...................................................................... 577
General ....................................................................................... 577Binary input module (BIM) .......................................................... 579Binary output module (BOM) ...................................................... 580Binary I/O module (IOM)............................................................. 582
Power supply module (PSM) ........................................................... 584mA input module (MIM) ................................................................... 585Local LCD human machine interface (LCD-HMI) ............................ 586
Application .................................................................................. 58618 LED indication module (LED-HMI).............................................. 588
Application .................................................................................. 588Design ........................................................................................ 588LED indication function (HL, HLED) ........................................... 589
Application ............................................................................. 589Functionality .......................................................................... 589Calculation............................................................................. 600
Serial communication modules (SCM) ............................................ 601Design, SPA/IEC ........................................................................ 601Design, LON ............................................................................... 601
Data communication modules (DCM).............................................. 602
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Contents
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1
About this chapter Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
About this chapter
This chapter introduces you to the manual as such.
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Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1
Introduction
1 Introduction to the application manual
1.1 About the complete set of manuals for a terminalThe users manual (UM) is a complete set of four different manuals:
The Application Manual (AM) contains descriptions, such as application and functionality de-scriptions as well as setting calculation examples sorted per function. The application manualshould be used when designing and engineering the protection terminal to find out when and forwhat a typical protection function could be used. The manual should also be used when calcu-lating settings and creating configurations.
The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains technical descriptions, such as function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameter tables and technical data sort-ed per function. The technical reference manual should be used as a technical reference duringthe engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase, and during the normal service phase.
The Operator's Manual (OM) contains instructions on how to operate the protection terminalduring normal service (after commissioning and before periodic maintenance tests). The opera-tor's manual can be used to find out how to handle disturbances or how to view calculated andmeasured network data in order to determine the cause of a fault.
The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains instructions on how to installand commission the protection terminal. The manual can also be used as a reference if a periodictest is performed. The manual covers procedures for mechanical and electrical installation, en-ergizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and configuration as well as verifying set-tings and performing a directional test. The chapters and sections are organized in thechronological order (indicated by chapter/section numbers) in which the protection terminalshould be installed and commissioned.
1.2 About the application manual
The application manual contains the following chapters:
• The chapter “General” describes the terminal in general.• The chapter “Common functions” describes the common functions in the termi-
nal.• The chapter “Line distance” describes the line distance functions in the terminal.
Applicationmanual
Technicalreference
manual
Installation andcommissioning
manual
Operator´smanual
en01000044.vsd
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Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1
Introduction
• The chapter “Current” describes the current protection functions.• The chapter “Voltage” describes the voltage protection functions.
• The chapter “Power system supervision” describes the power system supervision
functions.• The chapter “Monitoring” describes the monitoring functions.• The chapter “Metering” describes the metering functions.• The chapter “System protection and control functions”describes the system pro-
tection and control functions.• The chapter “Data communication” describes the data communication and the
associated hardware.• The chapter “Hardware modules” describes the different hardware modules.
1.3 Intended audience
1.3.1 GeneralThe application manual is addressing the system engineer/technical responsible who is respon-sible for specifying the application of the terminal.
1.3.2 Requirements
The system engineer/technical responsible must have a good knowledge about protection sys-tems, protection equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in the pro-tection.
1.4 Related documents
1.5 Revision notes
1.6 Glossary
Documents related to REL 511*2.5 Identity number
Operator's manual 1MRK 506 165-UEN
Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 167-UEN
Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 166-UEN
Application manual 1MRK 506 168-UEN
Buyer's guide 1MRK 506 164-BEN
Revision Description
A First revision
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Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1
Introduction
AC Alternating Current
ACrv2 Setting A for programmable overvoltage IDMT curve, step 2
A/D conver ter Analog to Digital converter
ADBS Amplitude dead-band supervision
AIM Analog input module
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer
ASD Adaptive Signal Detection
AWG American Wire Gauge standard
BIM Binary input module
BLKDEL Block of delayed fault clearing
BOM Binary output module
BR Binary transfer receive over LDCM
BS British Standard
BSR Binary Signal Receive (SMT) over LDCM
BST Binary Signal Transmit (SMT) over LDCM
BT Binary Transfer Transmit over LDCM
C34.97
CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial communi-cation
CAP 531 Configuration and programming tool
CB Circuit breaker
CBM Combined backplane module
CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephony. AUnited Nations sponsored standards body within the International Tele-communications Union.
CCS Current circuit supervision
CEM Controller area network emulation module
CIM Communication interface module
CMPPS Combined Mega Pulses Per Second
CO cycle Close-Open cycle
Co-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twistedpairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions
Contra-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves four twistedpairs of with two are used for transmitting data in both directions, andtwo pairs for transmitting clock signals
CPU Central Processor Unit
CR Carrier Receive
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Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1
Introduction
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRL POR carrier for WEI logic
CS Carrier send
CT Current transformer
CT1L1 Input to be used for transmit CT group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool
CT1L1NAM Signal name for CT-group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool
CT2L3 Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 line L3 to remote end
CT2N Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 neutral N to remote end.
CVT Capacitive voltage transformer
DAR Delayed auto-reclosing
db dead band
DBDL Dead bus dead line
DBLL Dead bus live line
DC Direct Current
DIN-rail Rail conforming to DIN standard
DIP-switch Small switch mounted on a printed circuit board
DLLB Dead line live bus
DSP Digital signal processor
DTT Direct transfer trip scheme
EHV network Extra high voltage network
EIA Electronic Industries Association
EMC Electro magnetic compatibility
ENGV1 Enable execution of step one
ENMULT Current multiplier used when THOL is used for two or more lines
EMI Electro magnetic interference
ESD Electrostatic discharge
FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data andprotection signals
FOX 512/515 Access multiplexer
FOX 6Plus Compact, time-division multiplexer for the transmission of up to sevenduplex channels of digital data over optical fibers
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FRRATED Rated system frequency
FSMPL Physical channel number for frequency calculation
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Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1
Introduction
G.703 Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local tele-phone companies. Can be transported over balanced and unbalancedlines
G.711 Standard for pulse code modulation of analog signals on digital lines
GCM Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver module
GI General interrogation command
GIS Gas insulated switchgear.
GOOSE Generic Object Orientated Substation Event
GPS Global positioning system
GR GOOSE Receive (interlock)
HDLC protocol High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC standard
HFBR connector type Fibre connector receiver
HMI Human-Machine InterfaceHSAR High-Speed Auto-Reclosing
HV High voltage
HVDC High voltage direct current
HysAbsFreq Absolute hysteresis for over and under frequency operation
HysAbsMagn Absolute hysteresis for signal magnitude in percentage of Ubase
HysRelMagn Relative hysteresis for signal magnitude
HystAbs Overexcitation level of absolute hysteresis as a percentage
HystRel Overexcitation level of relative hysteresis as a percentage
IBIAS Magnitude of the bias current common to L1, L2 and L3
IDBS Integrating dead-band supervision
IDMT Minimum inverse delay time
IDMTtmin Inverse delay minimum time in seconds
IdMin Operational restrictive characteristic, section 1 sensitivity, multiple Ibase
IDNSMAG Magnitude of negative sequence differential current
Idunre Unrestrained prot. limit multiple of winding1 rated current
ICHARGE Amount of compensated charging current
IEC International Electrical Committee
IEC 186A
IEC 60044-6 IEC Standard, Instrument transformers – Part 6: Requirements for pro-tective current transformers for transient performance
IEC 60870-5-103 Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial master/slaveprotocol for point-to-point communication
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted-pairor optical fiber cable
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Introduction
IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules. Referencesthe CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common Mezzanine Card) stan-dard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from the PCI SIG
(Special Interest Group) for the electricalEMF Electro magnetic force
IED Intelligent electronic device
I-GIS Intelligent gas insulated switchgear
IL1RE Real current component, phase L1
IL1IM Imaginary current component, phase L1
IminNegSeq Negative sequence current must be higher than this to be used
INAMPL Present magnitude of residual current
INSTMAGN Magnitude of instantaneous value
INSTNAME Instance name in signal matrix tool
IOM Binary Input/Output module
IPOSIM Imaginary part of positive sequence current
IPOSRE Real component of positve sequence current
IP 20 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 12.5mm in diameter andlarger but no protection against ingression of liquid according toIEC60529. Equivalent to NEMA type 1.
IP 40 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 1.0mm in diameter orlarger but no protection against ingression of liquid according toIEC60529.
IP 54 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) according toIEC 60529. Dust protected. Protected against splashing water. Equiva-
lent to NEMA type 12.
Ip>block Block of the function at high phase current in percentage of base
IRVBLK Block of current reversal function
IRV Activation of current reversal logic
ITU International Telecommunications Union
k2 Time multiplier in IDMT mode
kForIEEE Time multiplier for IEEE inverse type curve
LAN Local area network
LIB 520
LCD Liquid chrystal display
LDCM Line differential communication module
LDD Local detection device
LED Light emitting diode
LNT LON network tool
LON Local operating network
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Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1
Introduction
RFPE Resistance of phase-to-earth faults
RISC Reduced instruction set computer
RMS value Root mean square value
RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data inpoint-to-point connections
RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485
RS530 A generic connector specification that can be used to support RS422,V.35 and X.21 and others
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
RTC Real Time Clock
SA Substation Automation
SC Switch or push-button to close
SCS Station control systemSLM Serial communication module. Used for SPA/LON/IEC communication
SMA connector Sub Miniature version A connector
SMS Station monitoring system
SPA Strömberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol forpoint-to-point communication
SPGGIO Single Point Gxxxxx Generic Input/Output
SRY Switch for CB ready condition
ST3UO RMS voltage at neutral point
STL1 Start signal from phase L1
ST Switch or push-button to trip
SVC Static VAr compensation
t1 1Ph Open time for shot 1, single phase
t1 3PhHS Open time for shot 1, high speed reclosing three phase
tAutoContWait Wait period after close command before next shot
tCBCLosedMin Minimum time that the circuit breaker must be closed before newsequence is permitted
tExtended t1 Open time extended by this value if Extended t1 is true
THL Thermal Overload Line cable
THOL Thermal overload
tInhibit Reset reclosing time for inhibit
tPulse Pulse length for single command outputs
TP Logic Pulse Timer
tReporting Cycle time for reporting of counter value
tRestore Restore time delay
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About this chapter Chapter 2
General
Chapter 2 General
About this chapter
This chapter describes the terminal in general.
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Functions Chapter 2
General
2 Functions
• Line distanceImpedance
- General fault criteria, impedance and current based (GFCzi)
- General fault criteria, impedance and current based, with phase preference logic (GFCp- pl-zi)
- Distance protection (ZM)
- Simplified impedance settings (SIS)
- Power swing detection (PSD)
- Scheme communication logic (ZCOM)
- Current reversal and weak end infeed logic (ZCAL)
- Radial feeder protection (PAP)- Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)
- Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)
• Current
- Instantaneous non-directional phase overcurrent protection (IOCph)
- Instantaneous non-directional residual overcurrent protection (IOCr)
- Definite time non-directional phase overcurrent protec