1.Lashley experienced an interesting completion effect: The face of his friend was replaced by the background wallpaper pattern. This occurred during

a. a seizure.

b. a migraine attack.

c. a flash back.

d. blindsight.

e. recovery from a brain tumor.

2. Light enters the human eye through an opening in the iris called the

a. cornea.

b. fovea.

c. pupil.

d. retina.

e. sclera.

3. Transduction refers to the

a. perception of lights.

b. disappearance of visual stimuli.

c. transmission of sensory signals to the cortex.

d. transmission of visual signals to the cortex.

e. translation of one form of energy into another.

 

4. High-acuity vision is mediated by the

a. optic disk.

b. blind spot.

c. fovea.

d. choroid.

e. sclera.

5. Most of the cones are concentrated in the

a. nasal part of the retina.

b. temporal part of the retina.

c. foveas.

d. periphery of the retinas.

e. left eye.

6. Humans without rods experience

a. night blindness.

b. color blindness.

c. day blindness.

d. have a reel problem.

7. Color vision is mediated by

a. cones.

b. rods.

c. bipolar cells.

d. the optic disks.

e. duplexity.

8. In comparison to color vision, black and white vision has more

a. rods.

b. convergence.

c. receptors in the periphery of the

retina.

d. sensitivity in dim illumination.

e. all of the above

9. Why is the blind spot of the retina blind?

a. It is on the border between the area with rods and the area with

cones.b. It is the point where the optic

nerve leaves the retina and there are no rods or cones.

c. It is in the shadow of the pupil.

d. Activity of the receptors is silenced by excessive lateral inhibition.

10. With respect to the visual system, a high degree of convergence is to a low degree of neural convergence as

a. low acuity is to high

acuity.

b. high sensitivity is to low

sensitivity.

c. black/white is to color vision.

d. all of the above.

11. The fovea is the part of the retina

a. with the greatest perception of

detail.

b. that surrounds the point of exit

of the optic nerve.

c. that falls in the shadow cast by

the pupil.

d. that has only rods, not cones.

 

• 12. In the most common form of color vision deficiency people have difficulty distinguishing

• A. between blue and yellow

• B. between green and blue

• C. between red and green

• D. Between black and white.

• 13. According to the trichromatic theory, we perceive color by ratio of activity between

• A. Three types of cones

• B. Three pairs of opposite colors

• C. Three types of rods

• D. Rods and cones

• 14. What gender is more likely to be affected by color blindness?

• A. Men

• B. Women

• C. Both equally

• D. It differs from one culture to another.

15. The optic nerve, which conveys visual information to the brain, is composed of axons from which kind of cell?

a. rods and cones b. bipolar cells

c. horizontal cells d. ganglion cells

 

16. Primary visual cortex is in the

a. parietal lobe.

b. temporal lobe.

c. occipital lobe.

d. frontal lobe.

e. prefrontal lobe.

17. Another name for primary visual cortex is

a. lateral geniculate cortex.

b. retino cortex.

c. striate cortex.

d. foveal cortex.

e. optic cortex.

18. Hubel and Wiesel won their Nobel prize for their work describing the function of cells in the

a. Retina

b. Lateral geniculate of the thalamus

c. Temporal lobe

d. Primary visual cortex

19. Simple cells in the visual cortex

a. respond maximally to bars of light oriented in a particular direction.

b. Are also found in the LGN

c. were first described by Lashley.

d. all of the above.

20. According to Mishkin, "where" is to

"what" as

a. dorsal stream is to ventral stream.

b. agnosia is to blindsight.

c. ventral stream is to dorsal stream.

d.visual perception is to spatial

perception.

e.none of the above

21. A neurological patient who often shaves only the left side of his face and sometimes does not put his left arm into his sweater likely suffers from

a. apraxia.

b. paresis.

c. split brain syndrome.

d. contralateral neglect.

22. Prosopagnosics

a. can usually recognize a face as a

face.

b.have difficulty telling one face from

another.

c. can describe the features of a face but still not recognize the person.

d. all of the above

23. Neurons that respond specifically to faces have been found in the macaque

a. striate cortex.

b. inferior striate cortex.

c. lateral geniculate nuclei.

d. superior colliculi.

e. inferotemporal cortex.

 

24. The biceps and triceps are

a. synergistic.

b. dynamic.

c. isometric.

d. antagonistic.

• 25. Movement of the limbs is brought about by which kind of muscle?

• A. Smooth

• B. Striated

• C. Cardiac

• D. All of the above.

26. The muscle spindle

a. is a receptor located in a set of fibers parallel to the main muscle.

b. leads to relaxation of the muscle.

c. Responds only to ballistic movements.

d. Keeps the muscle from over contracting.

27. Muscle spindles

a. are found embedded in muscle

tissue.

b. provide proprioceptive information.

c. have a feedback function.

d. respond to the muscle being stretched.

e. all of the above

28. Muscles are protected from damage due to excessive contraction by

a. gamma efferents.

b. spindle afferents.

c. extrafusal motor pools.

d. Golgi tendon organs.

29. Ballistic movements

a. proceed automatically once triggered.

b. require feedback as they are being executed.

c. are controlled largely by the basal ganglia.

d. are highly developed in soccer players.

30. Which kinds of movements are most influenced by sensory feedback?

a. innate movements

b. unpracticed movements

c. practiced movements

d. ballistic movements

e. reflexive movements

31. Premotor cortex is located in the

a. frontal lobe.

b. temporal lobe.

c. parietal lobe.

d. occipital lobe.

e. none of the above

32. The ventromedial motor system

a. crosses in the pyramids of the medulla.

b. controls precise, localized movements.

c. Makes postural adjustments.

d. more than one of the above.

33. The dorsolateral motor system

a. originates in the motor strip of the frontal lobe.

b. is responsible for control of gross postural adjustments.

c. has many synapses between cortex and spinal motor neurons.

d. all of the above.

34. Which of the following is an objective test of apraxia?

a. Stroop test

b. dichotic listening test

c. Kimura box test

d. both a and b

e. both a and c

35. The damage to the cerebellum would have the greatest effect on which of the following tasks?

a. walking

b. playing the piano

c. lifting a box

d. all would be equally

affected.

36. The cerebellum is thought to

a. correct ongoing movements

that deviate from their intended

course.

b. play a major role in motor

learning.

c. be involved in practiced

movements.

d. all of the above

37. The consequences of cerebellar damage include

a. difficulty in maintaining steady

postures.

b. inability to precisely control the

direction and force of movements.

c. inability to adapt patterns of motor

output to changing conditions.

d. all of the above

38. In Parkinson's disease, one pathway in the brain degenerates: the pathway from the __________ to the __________.

A) basal ganglia ... cerebellumB) substantia nigra ... caudate nucleus and putamen

C) cerebellum ... spinal cordD) cerebral cortex ... spinal cord

39. The basal ganglia are particularly important for

A) eye movements.

B) finger movements.

C) Initiating movement.

D) rapid alternating movements

• 40. What is one of the main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

• A. Rapid fatigue of the muscles

• B. Loss of coordinated eye movements

• C. Difficulty initiating movements

• D. Inability to coordinate speech with arm movements.