1.)domestic system

7/28/2019 1.)Domestic System

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Domestic System


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DW A

INPUT OUTPUT

FGRM


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Apprentice 7 yearsJourney man 7 yearsObjective : Travel to learn frommastersExam conducted by guildTough result Master


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Trade expansion Increase indemandSo, new systemMiddle men = F own workshopcalled factory


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Standard product for maximumproduction hence exploitationIn 1772,12 from 8 AM to 8 PMCompensation for I hour lunchWomen plus children


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Enclosure movementLord of public propertyland- lord


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ISSUES

Low trainingRift on jobNo specialization hence jurisdiction-law


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workers united ! 1776 ?(around 1750)

Industrial revolution !


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IMPROVEMENTS

Production techniquesSources of energies changedTransportation infrastructureEngineering development


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ADAM SMITH[1723-1790]

Wealth of nationsLiberal economics


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Tariff policies destructiveMarket and competition be theregulator of economic activitySpecialization of labor is pillarPrinciple of division of laborInvisible hand


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JEAN BAPISTE SAY[1767-

1832]

French economist is first to note M asadventure ,manager..


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ENTRPRENEUR ??

Fritz Redlich strategic decisionsJ schumpeter Innovator mangerProf Collins organization builder


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Treat with kindnessPaternal approachManufacturer for pecuniary profitPeople powerless so the individualismto be replaced by communal life

SOCIALIST!


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KARL MARX

F.ENGLES

Need of force as midwife of history


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Victorian value system -

1800

Social consequence and moralityCharles dickens

English could learn from USA


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CHARLES BABBAGE [1792]Mathematics genius

Work measurementCost determineWage incentiveDivision of physical and mental about


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CHARLES DUBLIN [1784]

French engineer

Management education


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F W Taylor 1856-1915

Frederick Winslow Taylor


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F W Taylor

Scientific management


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Contributions

Shovelfurnace..design Cloth for perspiration most efficient at----kg= ----lbs


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One best WayTime and motion study(experiments inmetal cutting)Common rule must!BUT NO UNION !![never][ fatigue]


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F W Taylor

The person Vices XXXXXXCharacter = success

Ability is doing the disagreeable thingsBrain X will [drive to achieve]


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Refusal to teach at HarvardNo honorariumPresentation to president mentalrevolution Scientific management X? academic !


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SOMETHINGUNMEASURABLE !!


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EMOTIONS!!


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CARL BARTH [1860-1939]Norway born maths scholar

logarithm slide rule [embryonic] andset of tables metal cutting


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H L GANTT[1861-1919]

Mechanical engineer .1884 Patens for 12 innovations

Task and bonus system habits of industry Graphic aids to management.GANTT CHART


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THE GILBREETHSFMG [1868-1924]

&LMG[1878-1972]Frank and Lillian

I hr into 1 lac unitsStudy of fatigueEmphasized psychology


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F W TAYLOR

[Other disciples]Harrington EmersonMorris Cooke

Hansen, tippet & CurrieJoseph Wharton


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ELTON MAYO[18880-

1949]Hawthorne plant experiments& Westinghouse


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Experiments [1927-1932]

Working conditionsLighting [illumination]Production increased

why ???


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Experiment no 2

relaydifferent groups Standard v/s non standardUncontrolled groups 3 times

production. CREATVITY!!!


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Experiment no 3

textile millman and machine 1:1

Flexible working

Bettergroup working!


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President Roosevelt Invitesworld war ||

Monotonyjob satisfaction X changes & production increases


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M1

Douglas McGregorTheory X and Theory Y


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Theory X

Inherent dislike of work hence avoidwork

Hence punishment[direction, control] Avoid responsibility so prefersdirections as security is wanted


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Theory y

Self direction, self controlIntegration of individual needs withorganization demandsLearning under proper conditionsIntellectual potential\ Work = source of satisfaction


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M-II

ABRAHAM MASLOWNEEDS HIERACHY


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PhysiologicalSafety, securitySocial..affliation,acceptance.Esteem.status Self actualization.realization

M III


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M-IIICLAYTON ALDERER

ERG THEORY Existence needsRelatedness needsGrowth needs

M IV


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M-IV FREDERICK HERZBERG TWO

FAVTOR THEORY

Hygiene-motivation[dissatisfiers-satisfiers]


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Dissatisfiers [H=hygiene ]Working conditions,salary,security,status

policybut not M! Satisfiers [M=Motivation ] Achievement,recongition,growth

H Ab=ds ; H pr M Satisfiers pr =job satisfactions hencemotivation


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M-V

VICTOR H VROOMEXPECATANCY THEORY


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Efforts to reach a goal if they believein worth of that goal

Will action help? can achieve? Value on outcome of efforts Xconfidence that acts will aid inachievement of GOALS!


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FORCE = Valence *expectancyF= strength of motivation

V= strength of preference for outcomeE= probability of desired outcome

Indifference V=ONo goals V= -ve

[BOTH V & E O or ve]


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PORTER LYMAN W.LAWLER EDWARD E.PORTER AND LAWLER MODEL


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EFFORT Function[value of reward+amount of energy & probability of

receiving awards]


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Perceived efforts and probability of getting rewards are influenced by the

record of actual performance

Performance is decided by efforts, ability

and perception of the REQUIRED TASK IS!


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Performance leads to1.Intrinsic rewards2.Extrinsic rewardsIR is sense of achievementER is working condition, status


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Rewards tempered by what is seen asthe equitable ,leads to satisfaction

Performance also influence sensedequitable rewardsFair rewards for effort will affectsatisfaction derived

Actual value of rewards will beinfluenced by satisfaction


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M-VII

J STACY ADAMS

Equity theory[or inequity theory]Is rewards (perceived as) FAIR?


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Outcome by a = outcome by anotherperson person

Inputs by a Inputs by anotherperson person


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M-VIII

B.F. SKINNER Reinforcement theory


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Approach is called as positivereinforcement

Or behavior modification


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Analyze work situationChange to eliminate obstaclesSpecific goals with participationRegular feedback with participationPerformance improvementsPraise, rewards, recognitions

[Emery air freight corporation]


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M-IX

DAVID c. McClelland[a p a or M`s need theory]


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AfflationPower

Achievement


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M-X

CHRIS ARGYRUSTheory of immaturity-maturity

Multidimensional


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Multidimensionaldevelopments

seven basis changesPassive..activeDependenceindependence Behave in 1 or A[few ways or B]variety of waysShallow interest..deep interest


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Short time perspective..long termperspective

Sub-ordinate..equal or superLack of awareness of self..awarenessof control of self


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M-XI

LYNDAL F.URWICK [Theory Z ]


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Goods & service at THEpricesConsumers are able and willing to pay

[..model in Z shape..]


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Special motivationtechniques

MoneyParticipationQuality of working life[ QWL]

job enrichmentJob based techniquesMBO techniquesSupervisory techniquesGroups based techniquesTraining T or T groups

1.)domestic system

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