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SPE

SPE7785

I NTHE

CONDIT

NECESSI OFRESPECTI NGESERVOI R

ONSI NLABORATORYI SPLACEMENTTUDES

by L. Cui ec,D. Longeron,andJ . ?acsi rszky,

I nsti tutFrancai sdu Petrol e

@Copyright1979.Societ yof Petrol eumEogineBrs

Thispaperwaspresentedat the MiddleE@ 011TechnicalConferencef theSociet yof petroleumEngineerseldIrrManama,Bahrain,25.2SMarch1979.Themateriala subjectto correct ion y theauthor.

Permlasionoc opyis restric tedo an abstractof not morethan300w ords.WriteSPE,S200NorthCentral.Exprassway,Dallaa,Texas752CUIUSA. Tele x730 SS9SPEOAL .

ABSTRACT

.

Predictionof the fieldbehaviorduringprimary

or secondaryrecoveryrequiresrepresentativeabora-

torymeasurements,

Insuringrepresentattvityf the rocksurface

propertiesand of the fluiddistributionis not possi-

ble,evenforpreservedsamples,

A procedurefor restoringoriginalrock surface

propertiesis presented,and resultsshowingthe in-

fluenceon oil recoveryof both themethodused for

establishinginitialwater saturationand the aectu-

rationlevela:tainedare diacuased.

INTRODUCTION

Choosingthe racoverymethodsbest suitedfor

productionfroma reservoirgoesvia laboratorytests

usingreservoir-rockamples.

Generaliy,the stateof coresampleabroughtto

the surfaceis not representativef theirstatein

situ.Even in takingprecautionsimmediatelyupon

arrivalat the surfaceso as to preventany effectof

the oxygenin the air or of evaporation,the corehas

un

while it is beingbroughtup to the surface,a de-

craasein temperaturecannotbe avoided,and press~re

maintenanceis lotstanoardpractice.Therefore,it

is,a priori-difficulto assertthatthe surface

stateof the so-calledpreaervedrrockas not been

altered.

In orderto solvethis importantproblema method

capableof clearingup thiquncertaintyhas beende-

velopedfor restoringthe originalsurfacestate.

Descr&tion of themethod

.

It consistsin comparingthe nettabilityof the

rockupon receptionand afterrestorationso as to

justifyeitherthe directuse of the samplesrecaived

or the applicationof a treatmantfor restoringthe

originalsurfacastate.A schematicdiagramof the

methodis givenin Figuze1.

3 firstconsistsin

he restorationprocedure

cleaningthe samplesso as to make themas waterwet

as possib~eby floodingcarefullychosensolven~s

Then the samplea

are dried&nd saturatedwith the

reservoirfluids(storageoil and synthaticbrine)

..

..

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38

ON TRE NECESSITYOF RESPECTINGRESERVOIRCONDII

so as to obtaina fluiddistributionas closeaa pos-

sibleto the one existingin situ.The rock-fluid

syateais then

Ilagedl:nderreservoirtemperatureand

pressursconditionsduringthe time ;equiredto set

up adsorptionequilibria.

The nettabilityof the samples,whetherupon

reception,after cleaningor after restoration,is

evaluatedby a teutbaaedon spontaneousand forced

displacementexperiments.

A few aspectsconcerningthe experimentalmethod$

are givenLn the appendix.

Two examplesof thismethodbeingappliedin the

caseof carbonatera:,ervoirs,s is frequentlyencoun.

teredin the Middleitast,are preie~ttid,hese exam-

ples are takenfroma stcdyc~veringsome fifteenre-

servoirshavinga varyingxatureand location.

Applicationexamples

l.Reservoira

...........

The rock fromthis reservoiris of dolomitictyp(

The sampleswere receivedimpregnatedand un-

prestwvedfromthe effectof theatmosphere.

.-

The resultsobtainedare givenin Table 1.

The porosityof the samplesis about10%,and

the intrinsicpermeabilityto brineis lessthan10

millidarcies,

Evaluationof nettabilityu~on recegtian

----------------------- -- ------------

The amountof oil spontaneouslyisplacedby

brine is smallor nil. On the otherhand,the amount

of brinespontaneouslyisplacedby oil is smallor

large,Thismaanethat in one case both nettability

indicashave low and comparablevalues,whereasin

the othertwo casesthe waternettabilityindexr is

nil and the oil nettabilityindexr. has a high v~lue,

Likewise,one of the sampleshas neutralnetta-

bility,whereasthe othertwo are preferentiallyil

wet, The mean nettabilityof the rockupon reception

is thus.reasonablyronouncedforoil.

Studyof cleaning

-----------------

Variousprocedureswere tested(seeappendix).

Severalof themwere.able to make the rock claarly

preferentiallyaterwet in the presenceof a refi-

ned oil. Indeed,whereasthe r

indexhus a value

relatively

close

to the max~mumvalue,the r.

indexhas a minimumvalueof zero.

Evaluationof nettabilityafter restoration

----------------------- ------------------

Samplesthat firsthad beencorrectlycleaned

were usedfor analyzingthe influenceof agingtime

in the presenceof reservoirfl-lidsn themodifica-

tionof surfaceproperties.

Despitesome degreeof dispersionamongthe re-

sults,the rockappearsto becomeof neutralnetta-

bilitywhetheraginglaatsfor severalhoursor seve-

~al thousandsof hours.This is illustratedin Figuri

2 wherethe variationin the differenceof thenetta-

bilityindiceeis shownas a functionof agingtime.

NS IN LABOIUiTORYISPLACEMENTSTUDIES SPE 778:

In the caseof thisrockand basedon the mean

nettabilityof the samplesupon receptionand after

restoration,e feelthat it is moreadvisableto use

restoredsamples.

2.Reservoirb (MiddleEast)

-----------

The rockfromthis reservoiris of the calcitic

type.

The sampleswere alsoreceivedimpregnatedut

unpreservedfromcontactwith the atmosphere.

The resulteare givenin Table2.

The porosityof the sampleswas closeto 20%,

and the intrinsicpermeabilityto brinewas appro-

ximately4 millidarcie8.

Evaluationof wettg.bilityu~onece~tion

---------------------.- -- ----------

This evaluationwas made for severalsamples.,

Spontaneousoil recoveryduringIfibibitionn brine

was v r y low,and the valueof the waternettability

indexwas thus closeto zero.OY.theotherhand spon-

taneousbrinsrecoveryby imbi$,itionn oil was v r y

high,and thaoil nettabilityfndexhad a maximum

valueof one in all cases.The conclusionwas thus

reachadthat the rockupon receptionhas a great

affinityfor oil.

Studyof cleaning

---------------

Severalcleaningprocedureswere carziedout.

They allmake the rock slightlywater

w t

althoughthe procedureusinga mixtureof solvants.

appearstobethe leastaffective.Tha waternetta-

bilityindexin all casesis sli~htlyhigherthan

the oil nettabilityindex.The affinityforwater

couldnot be increabedby applyinglongercleaning

proceduresand by ueingmore complexeolventmixtures.

The slightlyaffirmedcharacterof preferential

affinityof the cleanedroc:corwateris possiblydue

to the presenceof relativelyunhydrophilicr even

hydrophobicciteson the matrixeurface.This should

be comparedwith thehigh amountaof unextractable

organiccarbonin somepartaof thematrix(approxi-

mately1% weightof the extractedrock).

In any case,threeof,thefourprocedurescarried

out appearto have the same efficiencyand are capa-

ble of changingthe initialnettabilityto oil to a

slightdegreeof preferentialwaternettability.

Evaluatingwettahilityof reetoredsam~les

--------------------------------------

After restorationthe samplesbecomehighlyoil

wet,and thisoccursafteran agingtimeof several

hoursfor the rock-fluidsystemfromthe fieldunder

reservoirconditions(Figure3).

A comparisonof the resultsobtaineduponrecep-

tionand afterrestorationdoesrmt revealany great

differenceswith regardto the-affinityof the rock

for one or the otherfluid.In thiscaaeand for labo-

ratoryexperiments,the samplesreceivedcan be used

d$rectly,provi~edhatthe settingof fluidsis done

under appropriateconditions.

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T41NCERON. .T. PACSTRS7,KY

2FiQ

-

,

- . - , - . - - -

The resultsthathavejustbeen describedare

finaldeplettonpressure,brinewaa injactedfromtha

onlytwo examplestakenfroma morethoroughinvea-

bottomof themodelat a constantrate,whichalso

ttgation4.This investigationill enableua to draw

was the same forall tests.Oil relativepermeability

ganaralconclusions.

beforaand aftardapletionand oil recoveryweremeasu-

red.The resultsare givenin Table5.

PROCEDURESFOR ESTABLISHINGINITIALWATERSATURATION

-

We noticedthatthe gasobtainedby depletion

Initialwatersaturation,Swi, is an important

remainstrappedduringthewaterflood.Figure5 shows

parameterin studyingoil displacementin porous

that a singlecurvecan be plottedforall oil residual

media.Generally,themeasuredvalueor the one

saturationvalues,Sor

, at the end of the waterflood

assuaedforthe reservotris respected.Bbt in most no matterwhatmethodwas usedforestablishinginitial

cagesthisvaluecannotbe attainetiy the direct

fluidsaturationandno matterwhat the valueof Swt

displacementof

watar

by reservoiroil.Thereforeindi-

was.

rectmethodsof settinginitialwatersaturationmust

be usedand comparedwithone anotherciccordingo

Thereforeit appearsthattheway usedforestabli-

the resultsobtainedin the displacementexperiments.

shinginitialwatersaturationhas no influenceon

recovery.

The samplechosenis a vugularcalciticresarvoir

rock.Itspropertiesare givenin Table3 (seevugu-

Figure6 showsthe oil relattvepermeabilityas a

lar limestonen 1).Oil propertiesare listedin

functionof S,i

beforeand afterdepletion.Before

Table4 (seereservoiroiln 1).The syntheticbrine

depletionit ~s reasonableto plota singlecurvebet-

contains230 g/1 of sodiumchloride.Accordingto

weenall the experimentalvaluesno matterwhatmethod

measurements,the initialwater saturationin the ra-

ts used for establishingirrftialatersaturation.

servoiris about10%.

Afterdepletionone valuais clearly outsideof the

curveconnectingthe pointsfor whichSwi is obtained

A diagramof ~he laboratoryequipmentis gtven

in Figure4. Betweentwo tests,the surfacestateof

by evaporationor displacementby reservoiroil.This

the samplewas restoredaccordingto the procedare point

is

forSwi set by

a

viscousoil displacement.

described?n the firstpartof the paper.

For thetimebeing,we cannotaccountforthis diffe-

rence.Thismay be the resultof a microscopicphase

Fourmethodsof establishinginitialwatersatu-

distributiondifferentfromwhat wouldhavebeenob-

rationwere used :

tainedby the evaporationmethod.In thiscase,how-

ever,oil relativepermeabilitybeforedepletionand

MethodI ts directdisplacementof waterby

oil racoveryafterwaterfloodingshou.

not be in

reservoiroil.At reservoirtemperature,oik.

agreementwiththoseforthe otheriasts.

andwaterviscosities

are very

similar,i.e.

respectively0.35and 0.40x 10-3Pas, Resi-

Theseresultsmust be confirmedand developed

dualwatersaturationis 42%,whichis a much

becausethe initialwaterplayssuchan importantrole

higharvaluethan the one in the reservoir.

in displacementshatthe validityof the technique

used to

establish it must be carefullycheckad.

Method11 is displacementGf water y high-

3

Unfortunatelyin the presentstateof knowledgeit is

viscosityrefinedoil (V = 35 x In- Pa.a)at not possibleto knowwhetherthemethodsusedin this

laboratorytemperature.The water saturation

studyproduce,on a microscopicscale,phasedistri-

obtainadis then21.5%. butionssimilarto thoseex%stingin the reservoir.

Initialwatersaturationsas low as thoseprevailing

Methods111and IV are quitesimilarand use in thisparticularreservoirmaybe achievedonlyby

evaporationby circulatingmethaneat reservotr

usingevaporationmethods.

temperature,hey enablelow valuesof Swito

be attainedin agreementwith thoeeas8umed

INFLUENCEOF THE VALUEOF Swi ON DIFFERENTRECOVERY

for tha consideredreservoir.In method111,

MSTHODS

the sampleis initiallysaturatedwithwater,

thensweptby gaaalternatelyin one directton

Influenceof S~,i------

n dts~lacementby water

and thenthe other.In methodIV the eampleis

-------------

----------------

initiallysaturatedwith gas,thensweptby

waterand thenby gaa as in the preceding

Besideethe investigationf themethodfor

mathod.For boththesemethodsthe saltconcen-

establibhinginitialwater,Figure5 showsthe effact

trationin the brineis chosenas a function

of s

levelon displacements.

or

waterfloodperfor-

of expectedevaporation.

med ~ teran identicaldepletion,Sor decreasesas

s

Wi increases,althoughlessquicklyat high valuas

Oncethe fluidsara in place;the sampleis left of Swithanat low ones.

to restforaging.Morecver,the tinwchosenwas much

longerthanthatrequiredto attainadsorptionequi-

libriumso thatthe phasedistributionwould-become

Thisresultsin e.maximumon thewater-injection

stabilized,especiallyaftermethods11, iII and IV

outputcurve,(Sol-Sor)/Sol~n whichSO1

h

the oil

which

are particularlydrastic, saturationat the end of depletion.

With theporous~ediumplacedin a vefiicalposi-

Influanceof Swian crittcalgas saturation

tion,a depletionwas firstperformedwiththe top.

faceopenand the bottomfacecloaad.Thisdepletion,

Cri,tical

as

saturation,S

dependson the

at the sameconstantrate for all the tests,was

gc

stoppedat the camepresaurclevel{191bars),This

propertiesand on phasedistribution,he natureand

oczuredalwaysbeforegaemobility(Fig.5). Than at

morphologyof the porousmediumand the rateof deple-

tion.The resultsdescribadherehaveto,dowiththe

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ON THE NECESSITYOF RESPECTINGRESERVOIRCONDITIONSIN LABORATORYDISPLACEMENTSTUDIES

SPE778----- .-- .

influenceof Swi on S

and are basedon researchdone

*lReservoirock Nettability.Its Significanceand

gc

by K. Medaoui6,

Evaluation,TransAIME, 1958,vol. 213, 155-160.

Two porousmediaware used,Fontainebleausands-

2.

Amott,Earl,lObservationsalatingto theWetta-

tone,an outcroprockmade up of pure silicawithan

bilityof PorousRock,1959,Trans.AIME,

intergranularorosity,and a vugularreservoirlimes-

VO1.216,156-162.

tone (limestone2). Theirpropartiasare givanin

3.

Cuiec,Louis,fStudyf ProblemsRelatedto the

Table3.

Restorationof theNaturalStateof CoreSamples,

Threaoilswere used,two purehydrocarbonmix-

J. of Can. Petr.Techn.,Ott-Dec.1977,vol.16,

turea(Cl -C4and C1-C&- Clo) and a reservoiroil

No. 4, 68-80.

(n2). Theirpropertiesare giv,.nin Table4.

4*

Cuiec,Louis,Longeron,Danieland Pacsirszky,

Joseph,

Etudexp6rimentalees d6placements

Depletionexperimentswere performedwith the

en conditio.lae r~.servolr,orld Petroleum.

apparatusahownin Figure4 and underthe same condi-

Congress(tobe presented),Bucharest,Sept.1979

tions.The depletionratewas high,approximately

0.5 b r/hour.The depletionrateis knownto influence 5.

S 6,70 S

Treiber,L.E.,Archer,DuaneL. and Owans,W.W,.,

Wi was establishedby methodsI an; III.

IA

aboratory

Evaluationof tha Wattabilityof

gc

FjftyOil-Producingeservoirs,SOC.Pet.Eng.

The results

are

givenin Table 6. For the diffe-

J

S

Dec. 1972,531-540~

rentoil-porousmediumsystems,Figure7 givesthe

variationof effectivecriticalgas saturationSt =

6.

Madaoui,Khaled,Conditionse mobilit6de la

sgc/(l-

Swi)as a functfonof Swi.

gc

phasegazeuselors,dela d6compreasionun

m61angedthydrocarburesn milieuporeux,Thesis

For thesedifferentsystemsS increaaesvery

Universityof Toulousa,Franca,OrderNo 4S0:

muchwith Swi.

This is all themoreg&identas the.oil

1975.

is closerto criticalconditions.This is the caee for

7* .Wit:K*>

f Solution.Gas-DriVen HeavYOil

mixtureC

1

- C4 forwhich an aaymptottcvaluehas been

Reservoirs,Symp.on HeavyCrudeRecovery,

Dbtainedfor Si

gc (seeFigure7).

Meraca tbo,uly 1974.

,,

APPENDIX

.

CONCLUSIONS

-

=m-&t~used to StUdYthe proceduref?:

1. Rock samples,suchas thoseordinarilyavai-

rastoringoriginalsurfacestateof rock samples

Lablein petroleumlaboratories,re oftenpreferen-

tiallyoilwet.This La in agreementwith the results

Sfzasof sam~les

---------------

~btainedby Tre%bcret a15.

The followingsamplesizeswere used :

2. In the greatmajorityof casascleaningcan

. diamater= 4 cm

make a rockpreferentiallywaterwet in

thepresenceof rafinedoil by maana~f carefully

length

= approximately6 cm

chosensolventa. Descriptionof wettabilit~test

----------------------------

3. In almostaSl cases,the adsorp~ionequili-

briumbetweanpreviouslycleanedrockand reservoir

The nettabilityof a samplewas evaluatedunder

fluidsis obtninedin severaltensof hoursunder

standardtemperatureand pressureconditions,by us%ng

raservoirconditions.

a pairof fluidsconstitutedby brineand rafinedoil

Soltrol130 (extremelypure iaoparaffinicil).For

4.Ina graatmany cases,differenceshave appea-

eachreservcir,syntheticbrinewas used.The ratio

red betweenthe meanwettabilitiesof samplesupon

of oil viscosityto waterviscositywas approximately

receptionand afterrestoration.

1.2.

5. In samplasof cleanedvugularlimestonerocks,

The test chosenwae derivedfromthe one proposed

the forceddisplacementtechniquecannotbe used to

by Amott2.

establishan initialwatersaturationchat is as low

as the connatewaterof such reservoirs.

Once the samplehad been saturatedwith oil and

brine,the latterat residuals~turation,the test

6. Evaporationmethod for eatabltshinginitial

consistedin auc eaaivelyperformingthe following

5water maturationappearsto give suitablerasults, fourexperiments :

provfdeda sufficientwaitingtime is allowadfor

phaseequilibrium.

.

imbibitionin brine,

.

displacementby brine,

7. The importanceof reachinga water saturation

. imbibitio~,n Soltroloil,

levelsimilarto thatof the reservoirf~ all the

. displacementby Soltroloil.

greaterae this eaturatiions low,as ehownby inves-

tigationson oil recaveryby waterfloodand the appea-

Imbibitionswere performedin Pyrzxglassequip-

ranceof a mqbilegas phaseduringdepletion.

..

ment at 20C.They were pursueduntila sufficiently

REFERENCES

stablefluidrecoverywas obtained,.reaultingn expe-

.

rimentaltimesrangingfrom severaldays.toseveral

1.

Bobak,J.E.,

weeks.

Matt~x,C.C. and Denekas,M.O.,

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:PE ;785

L.

CtlIEC,. LONGI

Displacementwere performed,,,inassler-typecore

holder,operatingat a constantpressuregradient.The

swaptvolumesof the two displacementincludedin the

presenttestwere of about10 pore volumes.

The waternettabilityindexrwwas evaluatedso

that :

_ amountof oil dfsplacedby brineby imbibition

r

w

amountof oil displacedby IAneby imbibition

and displacement

andan oil nettabilityindexr. :

r=

amountof brinedisplacedby oilby,imbibition

o

amountof brinedisplacedby oil

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d

uponaccpton

TAB L S 1

. s WL U ATI D N

OF TSS HBT2AB

SAW

D16PMC-By

mm

60LTROLIL

I

t-=---

1

5

6

.*

.*

.*

LTTVOF TNS RESERVOIR - RWK UPLtl RSC8PTION, AFTER CLSANRiG,

M2 ER R S S ZOS A TIO N.

WSTT ABILITY

TEST

0

I

34.5

I

I

.40.5

I

o

.

non wailcblo

b) After clmnina

Clemimp procgdura($CCAppendix)

4

meqwncaof

no n

Folar-aolvant*

62.5

12;5

0.s 49.5

0

13.5

5 m2xtur* of nolvmts 51,5

3

12 36,5

1

2

21

,, ,,

?6

1.4.5 o 61.5

0

1

16.5

basic.typeolvants 83

13 2 6a

o

6

18

acid.typasolvants

S1.5 o 50 31.5

22

30

.

C After r9 tWrati0n

BY OIL I -ABIL32Y 2NMCSS

.

0.27

0.15

0

0.44

0

1

63

0.96

0

58.5 0.2 0,05

7s

1 0

86 0,87

0

83.5

0

0.42

4

5

5

4

3

2

1

3

1,5

10

67

6a

163

331

1150

3264

87

60.5

57.5

$?

75

7s

78

(91)

o

1.5

2.5

5

2

7

6.5

s

26.5

14

14.5

32

42.5

37.5

16

29

4,5

1

0.5

11,5

14

2

10

1

23

12.5

18

29

21,5

23

11.5

9

TABL22 . SVALLIATIDNF TN 3 JB TTA B3L ITY O F TES R S S S R V0 2S

b -

R WK WO N R E CE P TI ON ; A P 2E & C L MN I NG , AF 1S R RESTORATION.

a)

uDOnaaanton

o

0.16

0.097 , 0.07

0.15 0.03

0.13

O*2R

0.044

0.39

0.16 Ooctl

0.29

0.46

0.15 0.10

DISP2ACEFEfiT

NETTABILITY

E:

TS ST

EY SOLTROL03L

.-

ISOISITIUi XN BR33iE D3BFMC~ BY BRINE I~3BITIGN

DISPMCEP. .N2

B Y 0 2L

IN OIL

UsTMB2LX,lCM

s% OIL

ISP3ACSD Z w 03L DISP3ACED Ser %

Oi

BR~zE~. SR3NS OISPL . s,, 7. To

w ~ t ~ r

W

To oi l

99

w

e

1

-

2.5

61

.

42

0

-

0.04

1

2

.*

1.5 66

.

49

0 0.02 .- 1

3

-*

2 61.5

.

47 0

.

0,03

1

4

1.5

62

.

45

0

.

0.02

;

1

5

2

69.5

.

51.5

0

.

0.03

1

* non ava tl abl o

Af te r C I Wl il ls

- ~

CIUnsnS procadura (sac pmd2x)

I

4 mqucnca of

non-polar solvmm

86

6.5 49,5

30

0

57 ,5 88.5 0.12 0

1

lxtur* of

mlvmts 75 5.5

51 3s.5

2,25 56.5 77,25

0.1 0.04

5+

axturc

f olvmlts

87

6,5

3n

22.5

4 54.5

81 0.1 0.07

2

tmic.typaSolvmts

79.5 7

53.5 19

1

56,5 76.5

0,11 0.02

3

idc-ty9aSOI%QCG

77

9

43.5

24.5

1.5

50.5 76.5

0,17 0.03

r ataurmkn

5 4

.

70.5 1

2

72

74.5 1

4

186

87.5

0.5

3 427 70

0.5

I

1

I

643

I

75

I

1 .s

64.5 5 44.5

13 62.5

0.02 0.77

61.5 12 48.5

2,5 63

0.02

0.95

53 34 44.5

10.5 89 0.01

0.81

59.5 _ 10

31

26.5 67.5

0.01 0.54

58

15.5 33

ZR.5

77

0.02

0.54

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TABLE 3 .

CHARACTERISTICSOF ROCK SAMPLR~

.-

POROUSMEDIA

I

I

I

VugvlarLimestone nl

I

40

I

4.6

I

39

I

25.3

1 t I

---- ----- ---

FontainebleauSandstone

I

40

I

4,6

I

340

I

12.7

- 1 - i

. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - l - - - - - -

JugularLimestone n02

I 40 I 4 6 154126 2

FLUIDS

ReservoirOilnl

T = 93C

,- -- - - -- - .

ReeervoirOiln2

T = f35C

.----- ----

ixturecl-c4-cli

T =85C

,- -- -- - - - .

titurecl-c4

T = 71C

TABLE 4

.

PROPERTIESOF FLUIDS

I

UBBLEPOINT VOLUME

FACTOR

PRESSUREPb

at Pb

T

1

----------

141.0

1.316

139,2

1.870

113.9

l=

DISSOLVED

SAS

ae Pb

200.0

-----

91.2

200,0

e.-- - -

00

VISCOSITY

at Pb

10-3Pa.s

0.35

-- - - --

0.55

0.15

0.046

NTERFAC14

TENSION

(UNh)

4.0

-----

6.40

-----

1.21

-----

0.12

.

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TMLB 5

DE &TICtl... HATECW~DINC

Vugulax Limestone

n 1

ReservoirOil n 1

RUN n

1

2

3 4

5 6

RlIT3AL

s%

Wi

42.0

21.5

16.9 10.3 9.9

4.6

C~ITIONS

Methodof

~stablishingSvt I II III

N III 111

P - 216

bars

Soi %

58.0

78.5

S3.1 89.7

90.1 95.4

k

ro

0.31

0.61

0.64 0.75 0.80 0.83

mm

Swi z

42.0

21.5

16.9 10.3 9.9

4.6

sol %

51,2

69.7

73.4 79.3 79.7

84.5

DEPLETION

s%

gl

6,8

8.S 9.7

lo.k 10.4 10.9

AT 191 bars

S;l. s fs

@ 01

11.7

11.2

11.7 11.6

11.5

11.4

k

ro

0.16

0.24

0,16 0.16 0.18

0.22

...-.

AFTER

s%

35..

or

41.6

42*9

46.6 47.6 55.7

s%

6.8

8.8 9.7

@

10.4 10.4 10.9

PLQOD

Sw z 5S.2 49,6 47.4 43.0

42.0 33.4

(sol-sor)/sol

0.316 0.403

0.416 0.412 0.403 0.341

-

TABLE6

EFFEq OF SWi ~ S

go

POROUSMEDIA

FLUID

Swi (7W)

3dlTIiODF

S5C

p,t

EST:BLISH3NG

~%~,

s

Wi

?ONTALNEBLSAU

remrvoir

32.5

I

18.0

26.7

oil

II*2

SANDSTCWE

i6.5

III

14.0

16.8

0

11.0

k=340m&

11.0

------ -- .-----

------ ..----- ------

= :2.7%

c1 - C4 - Clo

42,3

I

15.7

27.2

24.5 III

9.0 11.9

9.0

111

6,8 7.5

0

-

4.4 4.4

------ -- .-----

------- ..----- ------

c1 - C4

54.3

I

18.3

40.0

34.7

111

26.4 40.5

0

la.0

18.0

WGDIAR

C1-C4-C10

72.3 I

.-..-.

11.7

42.2

LIlD3ST~E s*2

46.9

111

17.1

32.2

k = 154md

31.1

III

15.0

21,8

6 = 26,2%

o

.

8.6 8.6

8/11/2019 1art (1).PDF

9/11

.

I

SAWPLSSUFON

MCEFTION

I

CUANING

I

n

OMPARISON OF TKE

RSSULTS ANO

RSCOMtCENDATIONS

Saturation WITH

RSSERVOIR FLUIDS

AND AGING UNJ)ER

RSSERVOIR CONDITIONS

I /

WSTTABILITY

EVALUATION

FI G, 1- METHOD FOR OBTAINI NG

RESERVOIR

ROCK SAM PLES WI TH SURFACE PROPER-

TI ES AS REPRESENTATI VE AS POSSI BLE,

, -0.5

6

.1

-1~------

1

1

1

10

{OE

I

h

10

Aging time, in haure

FIG 2 NETTABI LI TY VARIATI ON VERSUS ROCK- FLUID AGI NG

; I ME, UNDER RESERVOI R CONDI TIONS FOR

RESERVOI R A,

(rw-ro) +1 a

g

~

+o.5-

1

Aver age for c leaned samples

SE 2

~

1

~

\

\

1-0.5-

\

-

-~

*

.=

0

-

-1-

-.,--- ---

..

1 I

h

..

1

10

102

103

Aging time, in kre

;~:LR:o;R~k:TABI LITY VARIATION VERSUS ROCK-FLUID AG1 NG TIME, UNDER RESERVOIR COilDITIONS FOR

8/11/2019 1art (1).PDF

10/11

t-

.. . .. .. . -. -. ..

-.. . -- -- - - -.

x

I I -.

-- --.

-- -. .

L- - L- . ..

.i

Il l

.

~

~1

I

,

14

I

i

.

.

..-.- ..._

---------------- -1

I

--- -

-----_-L -----

I

1

2-3

4

5.6

7

t

Co n h of hr

and

porousmw7um

9-10 Ab olute

OSWIV t fM7SdUCOf

c el l om@o of f lu lW8 11 Wi t h d t uw l w t cw ot ic pump

D i8pbc *mont pump

12 Wet t .etg os mo t or

Sm?k

prow uro rq?ut i t ar WIW 13 Therm is t or

60 s. l i ~t d seporotw M

Sm on fi ol r ec or ~o r

P f fo r ent i o l p r e8su tv t r ansdmr

15

4 ir t em p8mt um i h

F]s,4- SCHEMATIC DI AGRAM OF THE APPARATUS FOR DISPL EMENT STUDI ES t

Sor

0102

1

1 1

Initi al water Sotumti on , S wi%

om -

0. 40

0.30-

0. 20

a

o.1o-

0 *

1

0 10

1

I

A

Mettmh for n.

_hin ~.

r

A

s

I

After Depletion

?

A=

Initial Water Saturation %

P FIG, 6- OI L RELATI VE PERMEABI LITY VERSUS Sw ~

. .

8/11/2019 1art (1).PDF

11/11

4{

.-

J

1 T

I

=-F

10 20

m

,

1 1

~ Fontoinebteou %

cl. C,. c,o

/ po

$

one:

~ Fontoinebleou

Sondetone:

Reeer tai r Oi l nc2

o~ Limeetone n*2

c, - c4. c~o

~m

~nttoi nebl eouondetone:

L

(+,

I

I

,

)40s0s07080

Swi (% W )

FIG, 7 - EFFECT OF SW ON sGet