19th century bridges - institute for transportation...rehabilitating 19th century bridges using 19th...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions
Presented byTimothy Andrews
Owner ofBarns & Bridges Of New England
Gilford, NH, [email protected]
![Page 2: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Original builder Joseph G. Johnson
![Page 3: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cecil Wig Newspaper advertisementCecil Wig Newspaper advertisement Request for proposalsDesign/Build specifications
![Page 4: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gilpin’s Falls before rehabilitation‐ lateral bow 18.5”, 12.5” sag
![Page 5: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Arch/ bottom chord failure
![Page 6: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Typical shear key failure
![Page 7: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1930’s splice plate accelerated decay
![Page 8: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Embedded arch ends, bottom chord
![Page 9: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Embedded arch bearing timbers; severe decay at arch contact points
![Page 10: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Too far gone to repair. Note squirrel nest
![Page 11: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Water fed decay from post/ brace “step” clear through to chord connection
![Page 12: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bid specs for bottom chord included epoxy bonding all shear connections
![Page 13: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bottom chord splice details
![Page 14: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Design change for shear connections‐ double the inclusion, double the shear “heads”
![Page 15: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Modified shear connection
![Page 16: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Double shear daps chord splice ‐note preservative treatment
![Page 17: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Design arch replacements changed spatial relationship, created multiple “hinges”
![Page 18: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Arch spatial relationship
![Page 19: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
10” of camber restored, self supporting bridge
![Page 20: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Original White Pine floor beam reinforced
![Page 21: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Floor beam framed through mid span king post
![Page 22: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Replaced non historical Ash floor beam with historically correct White pine
![Page 23: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tight joinery, preservative treatment at member interface, bolt head orientation
![Page 24: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In kind replacements in materials and craftsmanship
![Page 25: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Embedded arch bearing timbers installed in 1959
![Page 26: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Design change‐ end posts atop concrete footings Black Locust spacers below
![Page 27: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
New concrete thrust wall, gaps designed to facilitate free movement of air
![Page 28: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Locust wedges separate arch ends and post from concrete
![Page 29: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Vertical air shaft created for free movement of air @ chord, floor beam
![Page 30: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Original shelter panel detail
![Page 31: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Restored shelter panel sill separated from concrete with Locust spacer
![Page 32: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Shear failure post top
![Page 33: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Initial glue repair
![Page 34: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Second glue up of repair
![Page 35: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Prep for third glue up tight fitting Dutchman
![Page 36: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Completed repair
![Page 37: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hidden repair, epoxy used for shallow pockets
![Page 38: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Clothespin scarf on truss brace
![Page 39: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
In line arch Dutchman repair
![Page 40: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Pre construction floor plank arrangement
![Page 41: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
“A Series of Directions to Builders “
By Col. Stephen H. Long
First published in the 1830’s
In addition to the floor timbers heretofore described, the flooring of the bridge comprises the following parts viz: flooring joists, flooring plank, flooring guards and floor binders The floor joists should be laid lengthwise of the bridgeand floor binders. The floor joists should be laid lengthwise of the bridge.
The floor guards consist of timbers placed edgewise in contact with the posts and on both sides of the roadway, the lower edge being coincident with the lower side of the floor plank.
The floor binders are ribands of any convenient dimensions attached to the guards in a manner to confine the ends of the floor plank and keep them in theirproper places.
In cases here all the parts of the flooring are here considered are applied noIn cases where all the parts of the flooring are here considered, are applied, no nails spikes or treenails will be required.
![Page 42: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Nail free floor reproduced matching the original
![Page 43: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Wood never in contact with concrete or ground
![Page 44: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
1909 photo note camber
![Page 45: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
1999 photo
![Page 46: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
2010 photo
![Page 47: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
2010 photo
![Page 48: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
7300 # vehicle, 1/16 “ deflection recorded by strain gauge
![Page 49: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
10”x16” post timber, 2nd shipment, high quality material
![Page 50: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
For the fun of it, original means and methods
![Page 51: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Preparing to “wet the bow” when last frame member in place
![Page 52: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Close to completion
![Page 53: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051512/6028feeb31300b46c87f591e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Photo credits .
Kinsley Construction ( General Contractor)
Tim Andrews
Will Truax
Jeremy Woodliff
Earl Simmers
Of the four awards given for the project the most notable were;
The American Public Works Association Virginia/DC/Maryland Chapter 2010 project of the year award for historical restoration
And the
2011 Maryland Historical Trust Preservation Award for Project Excellence
The NPS prepared a case study of the rehabilitation that will be transmitted to the Library of Congress