1994 cretaceous radiolarians from the luk-ulo melange complex in the karang.pdf
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30 K . W A K I T A et al.
KALIMANTAN
0
JAVA
q P
a y a t
1 2 3 km
i i
Fig. 1. Ma p show ing black) the distr ibu tion of pre-Eocene melange complexes in Java Islan d and K alim anta n.
c o n t a i n s Sethocapsa ? ) sp . i nd ica t ing an Ear ly Cre ta -
ceous age , wh i l e sample R55444 y ie lds Archeod ic tyomi -
tra spp . , and Dictyomi t ra kos lovae F o r e m a n w h i c h
ind ica tes a La te Cre taceous age .
M u n c a r R i v e r
Ba s a l ti c c o n g l o m e r a t e W a k i t a et al. 1991), pebbly
sha le , sha le , s ands tone , cher t , cher t i n t e rbedded wi th
l imes tone , basa l t p i l l ow l ava a re exposed a long the
M u n c a r R i v e r F i g . 8 b) . Re d d i s h b r o w n b e d d e d c h e r t
R5 5 4 5 5 ) c o n t a in s E a r l y C r e t a c e o u s r a d i o la r i a n s s u c h a s
Pseudodictyomitra carpat ica
L o z y n y a k ) a n d
P. l ep to -
conica Fo r e ma n ) . Re d d i s h b r o w n b e d d e d c h e r t i s a d j a -
cen t to redd i sh b rown cher t a l t e rna t ing wi th l igh t g rey
l imes tone which i s i n t imate ly a s soc ia t ed wi th p i l low l avas .
Sample R55456 f rom grey sha le wi th th in in t e rbeds
o f s a n d s t o n e y i e l d s mi d d l e C r e t a c e o u s r a d i o l a r i a n s
Fig. 2. Geolo gic ma p of the Kar ang sam bun g area. 1: Luk -Ulo M elange Complex, 2: ophiol i te complex, 3: diabase Tert iary),
4 - K a r a n g s a m b u n g F o r m a t i o n , 5 : T o t o g a n F o r m a t i o n , 6: W a t u r a n d a F o r m a t i o n , K : K a r a n g s a m b u n g C a m p u s o f R .D .C .G .
for geological t raining.
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Cr e t a c e ous r a d io l a r ia ns f r om the L uk - Ulo M e la nge Com ple x 31
C u r u g d y l / - ~ r . . ~ = . ~ , .
~ iv er M e l i p i t a n ~ / . -- M u n c ~ R i v e r ) I I ~ /
| ~ I ~ ~
Lokid ang River h ~ Y / Sedan,
I ( I ~ f 1 R 5 5 4 5 5 - ~ / . 2 /
__
Wet,
Sigoban R55456
R55449
L . , W @ ~ I /l ~ - , 1 ~ - ~ / Seb. .} - ; - , ~ - t
kwatubarut R 5 5 4 6 7 --/~r ~. ,, ,. .[ R 5~4 62 ( ~ ' ~ ( / / ~ /
) R 5 5 6 8 ~ ' - ' ~ l ) ~ Luk U 1 0 R i v e r (
I
. . . . . W a g i r
- ~ - R 5 5 4 7 4 t ~ l ~
N a t u r e L a b o r a to r y
I Sa mb en g ~ k ~ I For Geology 01. ~, 2kin
Fig. 3. Localities of samples yielding adio larian fossils.
i nc lud ing
Archaeodictyomitra
spp.,
Dictyomitra
sp. and
Cryptamphorella conara
F o r e m a n .
Poor ly p r e se r ve d r a d io l a r i a ns we r e e x t r a c t e d f r om a
shale clast (R55449) in pebbly shale.
Lokidang
I n t he L ok ida n g a r e a c oa r se - g r a ine d c la s ti c r oc ks a r e
assoc ia ted wi th sha le (Fig. 8d) . Four sha le samples
(R55462, R55467, R55468, R55469) yielded radio lar i-
ans . Two samples (R55468, R55469) a re f rom greenish
grey sha le which grad es into red shale, whi le the others
(R55467, R55462) a re f rom d ark g rey sha le wi th thin
inte rbeds of sandstone . Three samples R55467, R55468
a n d R 5 54 69 d o m i n a n t l y co n t a i n A r c h a e o d i c t y o m i t r a
inc lud ing
Archaeodictyomitra simplex
Pe ssa gno a nd A .
sp. cf. A. vulgalis Pessagno assoc ia ted wi th Thanarla
praeveneta Pessagno. Sample R55462 yie lds Dictyomitra
for m os a Squina bo l a n d D . ( ? ) sp. A o f T e r a ok a a nd
Kur im oto ( 1986) . T he f o r m e r t h r e e sa m ple s a r e o f
midd le Cre taceo us age , whi le the la t te r sample i s of ear ly
Late Cre taceous .
Medana River
A black si l iceous rock, that is , chert to si l iceous
sha le , i s exposed jus t nor th of the ophiol i te sequence a t
Mel ipi tan a long the Medana River (Fig. 3) . The lower
par t of the s il iceous ro ck look s cher ty , and i t s uppe r par t
i s s il iceous sha le , inc luding m ore te r r igenou s mater ia ls .
The lower par t (R55517) yie lds wel l -preserved radio-
la r ians inc luding Theocampe urna ( F o r e m a n ) , Dia-
canthocapsa sp., Acaeniotyle sp. aft. A. umbilicata (Rfist)
a n d Stichomitra communis Squina bo l . T he se r a d io l a r i a ns
be long to t he young e s t a s se m bla ge in t h i s a r e a , showing
L a te Ca m pa nia n t o M a e s t r i c h t i a n i n a ge .
Sigoban
I n t he S igoba n a r e a a long t he Cur ugda yu Rive r a
se que nc e c ons i s ti ng o f be dd e d c he r t oc c u r s w i th be dd e d
si l iceous sha le , sha le wi th thin inte rbeds of sandstone ,
a nd p e bb ly sha l e be twe e n a sc h is t b loc k t o t he nor th a nd
an op hiol i te block to the so uth (Fig. 8c) . A grey cher t
sample R55515 yie lded ear ly La te C re taceou s radiola r i -
a ns suc h a s D . fo r m os a Squina bo l , Cryptamphoreila
sphaerica ( Whi t e ) a nd Praeconocaryomma sp.
A dark grey s i l iceous sha le sample R55510 conta ined
Dictyomitra
sp. cf.
D. koslovae
For e m a n , whi l e a da r k
grey sha le (R55508) wi th thin inte rbeds of s i l t s tone
yie lded
D. koslovae D. form osa
Squina bo l ,
Williriedel-
lum sp. T he se two sa m ple s r a nge i n a ge f r om C onia c i a n
to Ca m pa nia n .
Binangun
T wo sa m ple s o f c he r t a t B ina.~gun, we s t o f Ka r a nsa m -
bun g cam pus yie lded radiola r ians (Fig. 3) . L ight green-
ish grey bedd ed cher t (R55472) c rops o ut sou th of
Bina ngun a long the Ca c a ba n Rive r , a nd y i e lde d we l l -
p r e se r ve d L a t e Cr e t a c e ous r a d io l a r i a ns i nc lud ing D .
fo r m os a Squina bo l , D. koslovae F o r e m a n , T. urna ( For e -
m a n) , T. salillum F o r e m a n , a n d Praeconocaryomma
universa Pessagno.
Re ddi sh b r own be dde d c he r t i s e xpose d nor th o f
Bina ngun a long the L uk U lo R ive r . A c he r t s a m ple
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32 K WAKITA
e t a l
R55484 y ie lded Dictyomitra sp. and Novix i tus sp. of late
E a r l y C r e t a c e o u s .
Cacaban River
A l o n g t h e Ca c a b a n R i v e r , a r e e x p o s e d v a r i o u s t y p e s
of rocks , tha t i s, pebb ly sha le , t u rb id i t e , mass ive to
th ick -bedded sands tone , b roken fo rmat ion , red sha le ,
l amina ted sha le , cher t , redd i sh b rown cher t a l t e rna ted
wi th l igh t g rey l imes tone , p i l low basa l t , rhyo l i t e and
sch is t F ig . 9 ) . Red d i sh b rown bedded cher t R55522)
c o n t a i n s
Archaeodictyomitra
sp. and
Praeconocaryomma
sp . Gre y l amina ted tu f faceo us sha le R55503) y ie lded
Archaeodictyomitra spp. , Dictyomitra sp., A mphipy ndax
sp., Williriedellum ?) sp. and Pseudodietyomitra ?) sp.
Red d i sh b row n-p a le g rey sha le R55526) y ie lded well -
p r e s e r v e d L a t e Cr e t a c e o u s r a d i o l a r i a n s s u c h a s
D. for -
mosa
Sq u i n a b o l ,
D. koslovae
F o r e m a n ,
S. communis
Squinabo l ,
A mphipy ndax
?)
c on ic us
N a k a s e k o a n d
N i s h i mu r a ,
T. urna
Fo r e ma n ) ,
T. salillum
F o r e m a n ,
Pseudoaulophacus
sp. cf.
P. pargueraensis
Pessagno ,
Pseudoaulophaeus
sp. cf.
P. lenticulatus
Whi te) and
Cryptamphorella macropora
Dumi t r i ca . Rad io la r i ans in
redd i sh b rown sha le R55521) were poo r ly p reserved ,
bu t inc lude
Dictyomitra
sp. cf.
D. formosa.
V e r y g o o d o u t c r o p s o f r e d d i s h b r o w n c h e r t a l t e r n a t e
wi th g rey l imes tone a t Wagi r Sambeng . A cher t sample
R5 5 4 7 4 ) f r o m W a g i r Sa mb e n g c o n t a i n s mi d d l e Cr e t a -
ceous rad io la r i ans such as
C. sphaerica
White) ,
Spongo-
capsula
sp.,
Novix i tus
sp. and
Alievium
sp.
R A D I O L A R I A N A S S E M B L A G E
Five rad io la r i an assemblages a re recogn ized in the
K a r a n g s a mb u n g a r e a a s s h o w n i n T a b l e 1 .
Assemblage I f rom sample R55455 inc ludes
P. lepto-
conica F o r e m a n ) a n d P. carpatica L o z y n y a k ) . T h e s e
spec ies ind ica te Ear ly Cre tac eous age up to Barremian) .
Th i s as semblage i s the o ldes t in the rad io la r i an assem-
b lage ob ta ined f rom th i s a rea .
A s s e mb l a g e I I i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y t h e d o mi n a n c e o f
the Archaeodictyomitra a n d Thanarla such as Archaeod-
ictyomitra
sp. cf.
A. apiarium
Riist), A. sp. cf. A.
pseudoscalaris
Tan Sin Hok) ,
A. s implex
Pessagno , A .
sp. cf.
A. vulgalis
Pe s s a g n o a n d
T. praeveneta
Pessagno .
The rad io la r i ans o f th i s as semb lage a re ex t rac ted f rom
samples R55474 , R55484 , R55468 , R55469 , R55503 ,
R55467 and R55456 . Pessagn o 1977) showed tha t T .
praeveneta
a n d
A. s implex
occur in the Alb ian and
Fig . 4. Ea r ly Cre ta c e ous r a d io la r i a n s of a s se m bla ge I 1-5) a nd m iddle Cre ta c e ous r a d io la r i a ns of a s se m bla ge I I 6-20)
A , B o r C : sc a le b a r 0 . 1 m m ) , R . . . . . . ) : s a m p l e n u m b e r .
1 P capatica L o z y n y a k ) C R 5 5 4 5 5 )
6
7.
8.
9.
I0.
I1.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2 Novixitus
sp.
3 P leptoconica F o r e m a n )
4 Alievium
sp.
5 Praeconocarvomma
A rchaeodict vomitra
A rchaeodict vomitra
Archaeodictvomitra
Archaeodictvomitra
A rchaeodict yomitra
Archaeodict~omitra
Archaeodictyomitra
A rchaeodict vomitra
Amphipyndax sp.
?) sp.
sp.
sp. cf. A vulgaris P e s s a g n o
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp. cf. A apiarum Riis t)
sp. cf. A pseudoscalaris T a n S i n H o k )
sp.
C conara
F o r e m a n )
Pseudodictyornitra ?) sp.
Na sse l l a r i a , ge n . a nd sp . inde t .
Acaeniotyle
sp.
Williriedellum ?) sp.
C sphaerica White )
B R55455)
B R55455)
B R55455)
B R55455)
B R55467)
A R55467)
A R55467)
A R55467)
A R55467)
A R55467)
C R55467)
B R55503)
A R 5 5 5 0 3 )
A R 5 5 4 5 6 )
B R55503)
B R55456)
B R55456)
A R55503)
A R55474)
Fig. 5. Early Late
Cre ta c e ous r a d io la r i a ns
of a s se m bla ge I I I A , B or C : s c a le ba r 0 .1 m m ) , R - - ) : s a m ple num be r .
D j b r m o s a S q u i n a b o l B R 5 5 5 1 5 )
2 D formosa S q u i n a b o l
3 D formosa S q u i n a b o l
4 Archaeodictyomitra sp.
5 Archaeodictyomitra sp.
6 Archaeodictyomitra sp.
7 Archaeodictyomitra sp.
8 Archaeodictyomitra
sp.
9 Archaeodictyomitra sp. cf. A apiarum Riis t)
I0.
Archaeodictyomitra
sp.
I 1 Stichomitra
sp.
12 Theocampe
sp.
13. Nasse l lar ia , gen. an d sp. indet .
14. Nasse l lar ia , gen. and sp. indet .
15 Praeconocaryomma sp.
16. Praeconocaryomma sp.
17. C sphaerica W h i t e )
18. Cryptamphorella sp.
C R55515)
B R55462)
A R55462)
C R55515)
A R55462)
A R55462)
A R55462)
A R55462)
A R55462)
B R 5 5 5 1 5 )
A R55515)
A R55515)
A R55515)
B R55515)
B R55515)
A R 5 5 5 1 5 )
A R 5 5 5 1 5 )
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Cretaceous radiolarians from the Luk-Ulo Melange Complex 37
C e n o m a n i a n . S c h a a f 1 9 8 1 ) s h o w e d t h a t A. pseudo
scalaris
occu rs in the Barrem ian. Th is as s em blag e
i n d i c a t e s m i d d l e C r e t a c e o u s a g e .
A s s e m b l a g e I I I i n s a m p l e s R 5 5 5 1 5 a n d R 5 5 4 6 2 i s
c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f
D. formosa
S q u i n -
a b o l , l a c k i n g
D. koslovae
F o r e m a n . T h e r e f o r e , t h i s
a s s e m b l a g e i s c o n s i d e r e d o f e a r l y L a t e C r e t a c e o u s a g e .
A s s e m b l a g e I V i n c l u d e s D. f ormosa S q u i n a b o l , D .
koslovae F o r e m a n , T. urna F o r e m a n ) , T. salill um F o r e -
m a n , S. communis S q u i n a b o l , Novixitus sp. , Alievium
s pp. , P. uni versa P e s s a g n o a n d Pseudoaulophacus s pp.
S a m p l e s R 5 5 5 2 6 , R 5 5 4 7 2 , R 5 5 4 4 4 , R 5 5 5 1 0 a n d R 5 5 5 0 8
y ie ld th i s as s em blage .
D. formosa
h a s m o r e m a s s i v e
cos tae and a deeper s tr ic ture than thos e des cr ibed by
P e s s a g n o 1 9 7 6 ) .
T. ur na
a n d
T. salil lum
r a n g e i n a g e
from Coniacian to middle Campanian. These fossils
indicate a Coniacian to Campanian age.
Assemblage V from sample R55517 consists of A c a e -
niotyle sp. aft. A. umbilicata Archa eospong oprunu m sp..
aft. A. b ipar ti tum Archaeod ic tyomi t ra spp., Crucella
spp., Dictyomi t ra mul t i cos ta ta Zittel, Diacan thocapsa
sp.,
Novod iacan thocapsa
spp.,
P r a e c o n o c a r y o m m a
spp.,
Pseudod ic tyomi t ra spp. S . communis Squinabol, S. spp.,
T. urna Foreman), T. spp. and Xi tus spp. The assem-
blage contains
D. mul t icostata
Zittel but lacks
D. kos lo -
vae
Foreman and
D . f o r m o s a
Squinabol.
D. mul t icostata
occurs in the middle Campanian to Maastrichtian of
Nor th America Pessagno 1976), while
D. kos lovae
oc-
curs from Santonian to late Campanian. The occurrence
of these species suggests that these assemblages can
Fig . 6. La te Cre ta c e ous r a d io la r i a ns of Asse m b la ge IV A , B , C or D : s ca le ba r 0 .1 m m ) , R . . . . ) : s a m ple num be r .
D formosa S q u i n a b o l C R 5 5 5 2 6 )
2 D formosa S q u i n a b o l C R 5 5 5 0 8 )
3 D formosa
S q u i n a b o l B R 5 5 5 0 8 )
4 D koslovae F o r e m a n B R 5 5 4 7 2 )
5 D koslovae
F o r e m a n B R 5 5 5 2 6 )
6 . Na sse l l a r i a , ge n . a nd sp . inde t . D R55472)
7 Archaeodictyomitra sp. B R55 472)
8 Novixitus sp. B R555 26)
9 T urna F o r e m a n ) A R 5 5 4 7 2 )
10.
T urna
F o r e m a n ) A R 5 5 4 7 2 )
11. T salillum F o r e m a n ) A R 5 5 4 7 2 )
12.
Stichomitra
?) sp. B R555 26)
13. Amphipyndax ?) conicus N a k a s e k o a n d N i s h i m u r a B R 5 5 5 2 6 )
14.
Cryptamphorella
sp. A R555 26)
15. C macropora D u m i t r i ca A R 5 5 5 0 8 )
16. P universa Pe ssa gno B R55472)
17. Praeoconocaryomma sp. C R554 72)
18. Alievium sp. C R555 26)
19.
Alievium
sp . B R55472)
20. Crucella sp. C R555 26)
21.
Pseudoaulophacus
sp. cf.
P pargueraensis
Pe ssa gno C R55526)
22. Pseudoaulophacus sp. cf. P lenticulatus Wh ite ) C R55526)
Fig . 7 . La te s t Cre ta c e ous r a d io la r i a ns of Asse m bla ge V sa m ple : R55517) A , B or C : s c a le ba r 0 .1 r a m ) .
I Archaeodictyomitra
sp, B
2 Archaeodictyomitra sp. B
3 D multicostata Zitte l B
4 D multicostata Zitte l B
5 D multicostata Zitte l B
6 Pseudodictyomitra sp. A
7 Parvicinglula ?) sp. A
8 S communis S q u i n a b o l A
9 Stichomitra sp. B
10.
Stichomitra
sp. A
11 Stichomitra sp. A
12.
Xitus
sp. B
13. Nasse l lar ia , gen. an d sp. indet . A
14 Novodiacanthocapsa sp. B
15 Diacanthocapsa sp. A
16. Nasse l lar ia , gen. an d sp. indet . A
17. Nasse l la r ia , gen. and sp. indet . B
18 Viturfos sp. A
19. Pantanellium sp. A
20. Theocampe sp. cf. T urna F o r e m a n ) A
21. T urna F o r e m a n ) A
22. Theocampe sp. A
23.
Theocampe
sp. A
24. Acanthocirus sp. B
25. Acaeniotyle sp. aft. A umbilicata Riis t) B
26. Acaeniotyle sp. B
27. Acaeniotyle sp. B
28. Archeospongoprunum sp. aft. A bipartitum Pe ssa gno C
29. Crucella sp. B
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4 0 K .
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a rea (D ) . h co n g l o m era te , 2 : s a n d s to n e , 3 : a l t ern a t i n g b ed s o f s a n d s to n e a n d s h a l e , 4 : s h a l e w i th th i n i n terb ed s o f s a n d s to n e ,
5 : sh a l e , 6 : red d i s h b ro w n s h a l e , 7 : l a mi n a ted tu f fa ceo u s s h a l e , 8 : s il i c eo u s s h a l e , 9 : ch er t , 1 0 : a l t ern a t i n g b ed s o f ch er t a n d
l i mes to n e , I 1 : l i mes to n e , 1 2 : p i l l o w l a v a , 1 3 : p eb b l y s h a l e , 1 4 : b ro k en f o rm a t i o n , 1 5 : b a s a l t i c co n g l o m era te , 1 6 : tu ff , 1 7 :
rh y o l i t e , 1 8 : f a u l t zo n e , 1 9 : o p h i o l i t e , 2 0 : s ch i s t , 2 1 : s ch i s t w i th a mp h i b o l i t e l en s , 2 2 : b recc i a t ed s ch i s t , 2 3 : T o to g a n
F o r ma t i o n , 2 4 : l o ca l i ty o f s a mp l es y i e l d i n g ra d i o l a r i a n s , 2 5 : f a u l t .
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Cr e t a c e o u s r a d i o la r i a n s f r o m t h e L u k - U l o Me l a n g e Co m p l e x 4 1
4
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F i g . 9 . R o u t e m a p a l o n g t h e C a c a b a n R i v e r . F o r e x p l a n a t i o n s s e e F i g . 8 .
b e c o n s id e r e d t o b e o f la t e s t C r e t a c e o u s ag e L a t e
Ca mp a n i a n t o Ma a s t r i c h i a n ) .
D I S C U S S I O N
T h e a g e o f s e d i me n t a r y r o c k s o f t h e L u k - U l o M e l a n g e
Complex a re in fer red f rom the rad io la r i ans in th i s
repor t . Cher t samples R55517 , R55455 , R55484 ,
R55474 , R55515 , R55472 , R55522) range in age
f r o m E a r l y Cr e t a c e o u s t o l a te s t C r e t a c e o u s L a t e
Ca m p a n i a n - M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) . T h e s i li c eo u s s h a le s a mp l e
R5 5 5 1 0 ) i s o f L a t e Cr e t a c e o u s Ca m p a n i a n ) . Sa mp l e s
of g reen i sh g rey and redd i sh b row n sha le R55468 ,
R55469 , R55526 , R55444 , R55508) range in age f rom
mi d d l e Cr e t a c e o u s t o L a t e Cr e t a c e o u s Ca m p a n i a n ) .
Gre y tu f faceous sha le R55503) y ie lds midd le Cre tac eous
rad io la r i ans . The dark g rey sha le samples R55467 ,
R55456 , R 55462) as soc ia t ed wi th th in in te rbeds o f sand-
s t o n e r a n g e i n a g e f r o m mi d d l e Cr e t a c e o u s t o L a t e
Cr e t a c e o u s .
T h e s e a g e d a t a o f me l a n g e c o m p o n e n t s c a n r e c o n -
s t ruc t the o r ig ina l success ions befo re they w ere d i s rup ted
a n d i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e me l a n g e . A s t h e L u k - U l o
M elange C om plex i s an a ssemblage o f t ec ton ic s li ces , the
pro to l i th o f the melange ma y be recons t ruc ted in each
tectonic s l ice or in several s l ices associated with each
o ther in the f i e ld . The recons t ruc ted success ions in
different local i ties are show n in Fig. 10. Jud ging from the
re la t ion be tween age and l i tho logy , the comple te ly re -
c o n s t r u c t e d s u c c e s s i o n o f t h e L u k - U l o Me l a n g e Co m-
p lex i s composed o f p i l low lava , cher t in t e rbedded wi th
l imestone, bedded chert , hemipelagic shale, and terr ige-
nous sha le and sands tone in ascend ing o rder . The
hemipelagic shale includes s i l iceous shale, tuffaceous
shale and greenish to reddish brown shale. Similar
sequences a re recons t ruc ted by rad io la r i an b ios t ra t ig ra-
phy in the Ju rass i c accre t ionary melange complex in
J a p a n W a k i t a 1 9 8 8 , M a t s u d a a n d I s o z a k i 1 99 1) .
The upward l i tho log ic change f rom cher t in t e rbedded
wi th l imes tone to hemipe lag ic sha le th rough bedded
cher t sugges t s subs idence and the g radual approach o f
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42 K. WAK]TA
e t a l
M u n c a r L o k i d a n
a c a b a n
Sigoban
~ s h ~
r . - . . . . . . . . . . v : . - . - . - . - . . . . . . : . .
:::::::::::::::~. .:::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Loning inangun
M e d a n a
Fig. 10. Recons truc ted successions in the Luk-Ulo Melange Complex. The successions become younger towar d the right
hand suggesting younger accretion. The samples at Binangun seem to be derived from two different successions sh: shale
inte rbedded with sands tone rs: reddish brown shale and greenish grey shale tf: tuffaceous shale sil: siliceous shale ch:
chert cl: alternating beds of chert and limestone.
t h e o c e a n i c pl a te t o w a r d s t h e s u b d u c t i o n t r e nc h ( W a k i t a
1 9 8 8, M a t s u d a a n d I s o z a k i 1 9 9 1 ) . T h e s e s e d i me n t a r y
rocks over l ay the p i l low lava be long ing to the ocean ic
p la te . The t ime d i f fe rence be tween p i l low lava and
ter r igenous sha le ind ica tes how long i t t ook fo r p i l low
lava to reach the t rench a f t e r i t s b i r th a t the ocean ic
r idge . The p i l low lava o f the M unc ar River i s o f Ear ly
Cre taceo us (120-130 Myr) , wh i l e the sha le is o f midd le
Cr e t a c e o u s ( 1 0 0 - 1 1 0 M y r ) . T h e p i l lo w b a s a l t o f th e
M u n c a r R i v e r t r a v el le d f o r a b o u t 3 0 M y r u n t i l it w a s
a c c r e t e d a t t h e s u b d u c t i o n t r e n c h . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d ,
t h e p i ll o w l a v a o f t h e Ca c a b a n R i v e r ( W a g i r Sa mb e n g )
i s o f m i d d l e Cr e t a c e o u s ( 1 0 0 - 1 1 0 M y r ) , w h i le t h e
r e d d i sh b r o w n s h a le i s o f L a t e Cr e t a c e o u s ( 7 0 - 8 0 M y r ) .
T h e p i ll o w l a v a o f t h e W a g i r Sa m b e n g a l s o t r a ve l le d f o r
ab ou t 30 M yr un t i l i t reached to the t rench in L a te
Cr e t a c e o u s t ime . I f w e a ss u me t h a t t h e r a te o f mo v e me n t
o f the s ubdu ct ing p la t e i s 10 cm/yr , t he d i s t ance o f the
b i r th p lace o f these p i l low lavas f rom the anc ien t t rench
w a s a b o u t 3 0 0 0 k m . F u r t h e r s t u d y o f t h e L u k - U l o
Me l a n g e Co mp l e x b y p a l e o ma g n e t i s m w i l l b e a b l e
t o d e c i d e t h e d is t a n c e a n d t h e r a t e o f s u b d u c t i o n o f
the downgoing p la t e in th i s reg ion dur ing Cre taceous
t ime.
T h e d u r a t i o n o f s u b d u c t i o n a n d a c c r e ti o n i n th e
L u k - U l o M e l a n g e Co m p l e x c a n b e e s ti ma t e d b y t h e ag e
o f t e r r i g e n ou s r o c k s i n t h e a c c r e t e d s e q u e n c e s me n t i o n e d
abov e . The o ldes t t e r r igenous rock i s the sha le o f midd le
Cr e t a c e o u s a g e i n t h e Mu n c a r R i v e r . T h e y o u n g e s t r o c k
i s the s i l i ceous sha le o f l a t es t Cre tac eous age in the
M e d a n a R i v e r . A s t h e t e r ri g e n o u s r o c k s i n th e a c c r e t e d
sequences a re usua l ly as young as o r s l igh t ly younger
than hemipe lag ic s i li ceous sha le (W aki t a 1988 ) , t he
y o u n g e s t t e r ri g e n o u s r o c k s m a y b e o f l a te s t C r e t a c e o u s
or ear l i est Pa leocene age . These age da ta sugges t tha t the
accre t ion o f p i l low lava and pe lag ic to hem ipe lag ic
s e d i me n t s i n t h e L u k - U l o Me l a n g e Co mp l e x o c c u r r e d
dur ing m idd le Cre taceo us to l a tes t Cre tace ous o r ear l ies t
Paleocene t ime.
T h e L u k - U l o Me l a n g e Co mp l e x i s a n a s s e mb l a g e o f
t ec ton ic s labs and b locks o f sed imen tary , igneou s and
me t a mo r p h i c r o c k s . K e t n e r
e t a l
(1976) reported late
Ear ly Cre taceous foss i l s in l imes tone , the l a t es t Cre ta -
ceous K-Ar age o f sch i s t , and ear l i es t Pa leocene f i s s ion
t r a c k a g e o f q u a r t z p o r p h y r y . T h e L u k - U l o Me l a n g e
Co mp l e x h a s b e e n c o n s i d e r e d t o b e c a u s e d b y t e c t o n i c
mix ing dur ing su bduc t ion (As ik in 1974 , Ha m i l ton 1979) .
N o r ma l a c c r e t i o n a r y p r o c e s s e s , h o w e v e r , c a n n o t c a u s e
the mix ing o f accre ted sed imen t s wi th these metamor-
ph ic and fel si c igneous rocks . The t ec ton ic mix ing o f a l l
c o m p o n e n t s o f th e L u k - U l o Me l a n g e Co m p l e x r a ng i n g
i n a g e f r o m E a r l y Cr e t a c e o u s t o Pa l e o c e n e mu s t h a v e
occurred dur ing Pa leocene t ime, as the complex i s
u n c o n f o r ma b l y o v e r l a i n b y t h e E o c e n e K a r a n g s a mb u n g
Fo r ma t i o n .
Acknowledgements This
paper is one of the results of the exchange
of researchers program for the Joint-Research on the Enhancement
and Application of the Remote Sensing Technology with ASEAN
Countries.
The authors wish to thank Dr S. Suparka Mr Suwijanto and Mr
E. D. Arsadi of the Research and Development Centre for Geotech-
nology Indonesia for their helpful support during the geological
survey and for their suggestion and discussion on the geology of the
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Cretaceous radiolar ians from the Luk UIo M elange Com plex
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