199 ritorika 8

ritorikaritorikaKkavkasiis samarTlis skolaKkavkasiis samarTlis skola

Tamar vefxvaZeTamar vefxvaZe

FFfilologiis doqtorifilologiis doqtori

PhDPhDprofesoriprofesori

““sakmarisi ar aris icode, ra unda sakmarisi ar aris icode, ra unda Tqva,Tqva,

mTavaria, ise Tqva, rogorc saWiroa”.mTavaria, ise Tqva, rogorc saWiroa”.

Aaristotele,Aaristotele,““ritorika”.ritorika”.

xatovaneba weriT da zepir metyvelebaSixatovaneba weriT da zepir metyvelebaSi

xatovaneba xatovaneba farTo gagebiT xelovnebis nebismieri dargis farTo gagebiT xelovnebis nebismieri dargis ganuyofeli nawilia. igi sinamdvilis aRqmis formaa garkveuli ganuyofeli nawilia. igi sinamdvilis aRqmis formaa garkveuli

esTetikuri idealis poziciidan. metyvelebis mxatvrulobac misi kerZo esTetikuri idealis poziciidan. metyvelebis mxatvrulobac misi kerZo gamovlinebaa. gamovlinebaa.

metyvelebis emociurobis misaRwevad gamoiyeneba: sinonimebi, metyvelebis emociurobis misaRwevad gamoiyeneba: sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi, sityvaTwarmoqmna da a.S. gansakuTrebuli antonimebi, omonimebi, sityvaTwarmoqmna da a.S. gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba stilistikur figurebs – ritorikul SekiTxvebs, mniSvneloba eniWeba stilistikur figurebs – ritorikul SekiTxvebs, SeZaxilebs, mimarTvebs da poeturi sintaqsis sxva xerxebsa da SeZaxilebs, mimarTvebs da poeturi sintaqsis sxva xerxebsa da

saSualebebs.saSualebebs. metyvelebis xatovaneba ufro viwro gagebiT gulisxmobs sityvebis metyvelebis xatovaneba ufro viwro gagebiT gulisxmobs sityvebis

xmarebas gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, metaforulad. ritorika xmarebas gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, metaforulad. ritorika mxatvrulobas ganixilavs, rogorc gansakuTrebul stilistikur niSans.mxatvrulobas ganixilavs, rogorc gansakuTrebul stilistikur niSans.

tropebitropebimxatvrul metyvelebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia mxatvrul metyvelebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia trops. tropitrops. tropi – berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs Seqcevas, Sebrunebas, – berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs Seqcevas, Sebrunebas,

gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT naxmar sityvas Tu winadadebas.gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT naxmar sityvas Tu winadadebas.tropis saxeebia:tropis saxeebia:

epiTetiepiTeti SedarebaSedareba metaforametafora

metonomiametonomia sinekdoqe / sinekdoxisinekdoqe / sinekdoxi

hiperbolahiperbola ironiaironia

alegoriaalegoria gapirovnebagapirovneba

perifraziperifrazi

tropebi: metaforatropebi: metafora tropis saxeebi mxatvruli azrovnebis saSualebebia.tropis saxeebi mxatvruli azrovnebis saSualebebia. rodesac vambobT, rom mwerlebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian rodesac vambobT, rom mwerlebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian weris maneriT, individualuri stiliT, qvecnobierad igulisxmeba tropis weris maneriT, individualuri stiliT, qvecnobierad igulisxmeba tropis saxeebis gamoyenebis SemoqmedebiTi unari. tropis saxeebi xels saxeebis gamoyenebis SemoqmedebiTi unari. tropis saxeebi xels

uwyobs azris emociurad, eqspresiulad datvirTvas.uwyobs azris emociurad, eqspresiulad datvirTvas. metaforametafora – berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs gadatanas. igi aris tropis – berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs gadatanas. igi aris tropis

ZiriTadi, yvelaze rTuli saxe, mxatvruli gamosaxvis stilisturi xerxi; ZiriTadi, yvelaze rTuli saxe, mxatvruli gamosaxvis stilisturi xerxi; poeturad SesaZlebels, dasaSvebs, asociaciebiTa Tu kontrastiT, poeturad SesaZlebels, dasaSvebs, asociaciebiTa Tu kontrastiT,

analogiebiT warmosadgens emyareba an agebulia sityvaTa analogiebiT warmosadgens emyareba an agebulia sityvaTa gadataniT mniSvnelobaze.gadataniT mniSvnelobaze.

metafora metafora niSnavs sityvis an gamoTqmis gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT niSnavs sityvis an gamoTqmis gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT xmarebas, rac emyareba msgavsebas, Sedarebas, analogias xmarebas, rac emyareba msgavsebas, Sedarebas, analogias

(“vardi gaapis, gamoCndis mun broli gamomWirvali”...).(“vardi gaapis, gamoCndis mun broli gamomWirvali”...).

tropebi: metonimiatropebi: metonimia metonimiametonimia – berZn. – berZn. Metonimia – Metonimia – gadarqmeva, saxelis Secvla – gadarqmeva, saxelis Secvla –

stilistikuri xerxi, tropis saxeoba, romelic agebulia sityvis stilistikuri xerxi, tropis saxeoba, romelic agebulia sityvis nominatiuri funqciis orjer an metjer mniSvnelobis gafarToebis nominatiuri funqciis orjer an metjer mniSvnelobis gafarToebis unarze, an sityvis masTan logikurad dakavSirebuli sityvebiT unarze, an sityvis masTan logikurad dakavSirebuli sityvebiT Canacvlebaze (mag., sami Wiqa davlie – sityva “Wiqa” aq Canacvlebaze (mag., sami Wiqa davlie – sityva “Wiqa” aq

aRniSnavs “siTxes”, moculobas da, cxadia, pirdapiri aRniSnavs “siTxes”, moculobas da, cxadia, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT ar gaigeba).mniSvnelobiT ar gaigeba).

metonimiametonimia – rogorc vTqviT, berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs – rogorc vTqviT, berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs gadarqmevas; esaa movlenis, cnebis an sagnis erTi gadarqmevas; esaa movlenis, cnebis an sagnis erTi

saxelwodebis meoriT Secvla maTi mezoblobis Sedegad saxelwodebis meoriT Secvla maTi mezoblobis Sedegad (“gadavikiTxe yvela mwerlebi” – nawerebis magier...).(“gadavikiTxe yvela mwerlebi” – nawerebis magier...).

metonimiametonimia gulisxmobs cnebaTa asociaciis safuZvelze erTi gulisxmobs cnebaTa asociaciis safuZvelze erTi sityvis meore sityviT Secvlas, Senacvlebas.sityvis meore sityviT Secvlas, Senacvlebas.

tropebi: antonomaziatropebi: antonomazia

antonomazia antonomazia metonimiis gansakuTrebuli saxeoba – tropi, romlis metonimiis gansakuTrebuli saxeoba – tropi, romlis arsic mdgomareobs sakuTari saxelis sazogado saxelad arsic mdgomareobs sakuTari saxelis sazogado saxelad

gamoyenebaSi: donkixoti, donJuani, lovelasi, TaTqariZe, otelo, gamoyenebaSi: donkixoti, donJuani, lovelasi, TaTqariZe, otelo, kvazimodo da sxv. kvazimodo da sxv.

antomaziisantomaziis uSret wyarod gvevlineba antikuri miTologia da uSret wyarod gvevlineba antikuri miTologia da literatura. gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad mimarTavdnen antikur saxeebs literatura. gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad mimarTavdnen antikur saxeebs

klasicizmis epoqasa da XIX saukunis I naxevarSi.klasicizmis epoqasa da XIX saukunis I naxevarSi. antomazia antomazia xSirad ironiuli mniSvnelobiTac gamoiyeneba.xSirad ironiuli mniSvnelobiTac gamoiyeneba.

tropebi: sinekdoxatropebi: sinekdoxa

sinekdoxasinekdoxa – metonimiis saxesxvaobas warmoadgens sinekdoxa – metonimiis saxesxvaobas warmoadgens sinekdoxa (sinekdoxi, sinekdoqe); is gulisxmobs zogadis aRmniSvneli sityvis (sinekdoxi, sinekdoqe); is gulisxmobs zogadis aRmniSvneli sityvis

Secvlas kerZoobiTis aRmniSvneliT, mTelis aRmniSvnelisa – nawilis Secvlas kerZoobiTis aRmniSvneliT, mTelis aRmniSvnelisa – nawilis aRmniSvneliT, mravlobiTisa – mxolobiTiT da piriqiT (tarielebi, aRmniSvneliT, mravlobiTisa – mxolobiTiT da piriqiT (tarielebi,

avTandilebi... “Turqi, sparsi, leki, osi, Cerqez, RliRvi, dido, qisti, avTandilebi... “Turqi, sparsi, leki, osi, Cerqez, RliRvi, dido, qisti, srulad qarTlis mterni iyvnen...”).srulad qarTlis mterni iyvnen...”).

simbolo, rogorc mWevrmetyvelebis simbolo, rogorc mWevrmetyvelebis atributiatributi

simbolosimbolo – berZnuli sityvaa da aRniSnavs sagans, moqmedebas da – berZnuli sityvaa da aRniSnavs sagans, moqmedebas da sxv., romelic raime cnebis, ideis pirobiT niSans warmoadgens. igi sxv., romelic raime cnebis, ideis pirobiT niSans warmoadgens. igi

aris agreTve raime sididis pirobiTi aRniSvna, rac miRebulia ama Tu aris agreTve raime sididis pirobiTi aRniSvna, rac miRebulia ama Tu im mecnierebaSi. simbolo aris sinamdvilisa da SesaZleblis im mecnierebaSi. simbolo aris sinamdvilisa da SesaZleblis

misaniSneblad naxmari sityva.misaniSneblad naxmari sityva.simboluri SeiZleba iyos sityva, sityvaTa rigi, ramdenime winadadeba, simboluri SeiZleba iyos sityva, sityvaTa rigi, ramdenime winadadeba,

mxatvruli saxe, gmiri, mTeli nawarmoebi (vaJas “gvelis mxatvruli saxe, gmiri, mTeli nawarmoebi (vaJas “gvelis mWameli”...).mWameli”...).


simbolo, simbolo, metyveleba simboloTa meSveobiTmetyveleba simboloTa meSveobiT - - stilistikis stilistikis umniSvnelovanes komponents warmoadgens. umniSvnelovanes komponents warmoadgens.

simbolos erT-erTi ZiriTadi nawilia simbolos erT-erTi ZiriTadi nawilia alegoria.alegoria. alegoriis gamoxatulebis saSualebebia alegoriis gamoxatulebis saSualebebia andaza da aforizmi.andaza da aforizmi.

simboloSisimboloSi udidesi sibrZne da saidumloa Tavmoyrili udidesi sibrZne da saidumloa Tavmoyrili misi bolomde amocnoba SeuZlebelia, Tumca, masTan miaxloeba – misi bolomde amocnoba SeuZlebelia, Tumca, masTan miaxloeba –

SemoqmedebiTi procesia.SemoqmedebiTi procesia. Tomas elioti werda: “sadaa codnis ZiebaSi dakarguli sibrZne? Tomas elioti werda: “sadaa codnis ZiebaSi dakarguli sibrZne?

sadaa cnobaTa moZiebaSi gabneuli codna? – pasuxi erTia – sadaa cnobaTa moZiebaSi gabneuli codna? – pasuxi erTia – simboloebSi”...simboloebSi”...

udidesi Cineli filosofosi konfuci ambobda: “emblemebi da simboloebi udidesi Cineli filosofosi konfuci ambobda: “emblemebi da simboloebi marTaven msoflios da ara sityva da kanoni”...marTaven msoflios da ara sityva da kanoni”...


simbolasimbola – Zvel saberZneTSi ewodeboda danawevrebuli firfitis im – Zvel saberZneTSi ewodeboda danawevrebuli firfitis im natexebs, romelTa SeerTebiTac unda amoecnoT erTmaneTi natexebs, romelTa SeerTebiTac unda amoecnoT erTmaneTi

qonebis memkvidreebs an idumal Tanamoazreebs.qonebis memkvidreebs an idumal Tanamoazreebs.simbolossimbolos – rogorc fsiqologiisa da zogadsakacobrio kulturis fenomenis – rogorc fsiqologiisa da zogadsakacobrio kulturis fenomenis

kvlevas, araerTi sirTule axlavs.kvlevas, araerTi sirTule axlavs.ZiriTadi sirTule ki – sakuTriv “simbolos” cnebis gansazRvrebaSi iwyeba ZiriTadi sirTule ki – sakuTriv “simbolos” cnebis gansazRvrebaSi iwyeba

– – nebismier sagans SeiZleba mieniWos simboluri nebismier sagans SeiZleba mieniWos simboluri mniSvnelobamniSvneloba, romelic icvleba kulturebis mixedviT, epoqaTa , romelic icvleba kulturebis mixedviT, epoqaTa

ganmavlobaSi.ganmavlobaSi.magram simbolos aqvs unari – magram simbolos aqvs unari – lakonurad da yvelasaTvis lakonurad da yvelasaTvis

gasageb enaze asaxos cneba, romlis gamoxatvasac gasageb enaze asaxos cneba, romlis gamoxatvasac mravali sityva dasWirdebodamravali sityva dasWirdeboda; swored am unarma gadaaqcia ; swored am unarma gadaaqcia

is religiis, kulturisa da xelovnebis universalur enad.is religiis, kulturisa da xelovnebis universalur enad.


klasikuri gagebiT simboloebi sam kategoriad iyofa:klasikuri gagebiT simboloebi sam kategoriad iyofa: sagnobrivi simbolika – jvari, disko, mze, Tvali...sagnobrivi simbolika – jvari, disko, mze, Tvali...

ritualuri simbolika – nebismieri rituali –pirvelyofili cekvebiT ritualuri simbolika – nebismieri rituali –pirvelyofili cekvebiT dawyebuli.dawyebuli.

sityvieri simbolika – saxelTa da saxelwodebaTa simbolikis CaTvliT.sityvieri simbolika – saxelTa da saxelwodebaTa simbolikis CaTvliT.simbolo gamijnulia “mezobel” cnebaTagan, rogorebicaa:simbolo gamijnulia “mezobel” cnebaTagan, rogorebicaa:

niSaniniSani emblemaemblema alegoriaalegoria

simbolossimbolos umTavresi ganmasxvavebeli umTavresi ganmasxvavebeli niSnisagan niSnisagan (emblemisagan) (emblemisagan) – misi mravalmniSvnelianobaa, anu polisemantizmi.– misi mravalmniSvnelianobaa, anu polisemantizmi.


simbolo simbolo – es erTdroulad saidumlocaa da saidumlos wvdomac; mis – es erTdroulad saidumlocaa da saidumlos wvdomac; mis bolomde Seucnobel arsze karl gustav iungi werda: “simbolo – unda bolomde Seucnobel arsze karl gustav iungi werda: “simbolo – unda

moicavdes erTgvar gaucnobierebel aspeqts, romelic bolomde moicavdes erTgvar gaucnobierebel aspeqts, romelic bolomde verasodes iqneba calsaxad axsnili an Camoyalibebuli”...verasodes iqneba calsaxad axsnili an Camoyalibebuli”...

es “calsaxoba” da erTmniSvnelovaneba es “calsaxoba” da erTmniSvnelovaneba emblemas, niSans da emblemas, niSans da alegoriasalegorias axasiaTebs. nebismieri niSani – astrologiuri, alqimiuri Tu axasiaTebs. nebismieri niSani – astrologiuri, alqimiuri Tu

yofiTi – sruliad konkretul informacias moicavs; aq dauSvebelia yofiTi – sruliad konkretul informacias moicavs; aq dauSvebelia “miaxloebiTobis” cneba (an-an); asevea emblematikaSi, oRond, am “miaxloebiTobis” cneba (an-an); asevea emblematikaSi, oRond, am

SemTxvevaSi, erTgvar semantikur aRrevasTan gvaqvs saqme - SemTxvevaSi, erTgvar semantikur aRrevasTan gvaqvs saqme - roca xSirad, wminda lingvisturi inerciiT, simbolos vuwodebT imasac, roca xSirad, wminda lingvisturi inerciiT, simbolos vuwodebT imasac,

rac realurad, simboloTa poetikis TvalsazrisiT, emblemaa – sruliad rac realurad, simboloTa poetikis TvalsazrisiT, emblemaa – sruliad konkretuli da erTmniSvnelovani (ase iqca eifelis koSki parizis konkretuli da erTmniSvnelovani (ase iqca eifelis koSki parizis

emblemad).emblemad).


simboloTagan gansxvavebiT, emblemebs, am “xilul metaforebs”, simboloTagan gansxvavebiT, emblemebs, am “xilul metaforebs”, heraldikasa da sombolikas Soris mudmivi urTierTqmedeba heraldikasa da sombolikas Soris mudmivi urTierTqmedeba

arsebobs.arsebobs.erTi da igive sagani erT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba niSani iyos, meoreSi erTi da igive sagani erT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba niSani iyos, meoreSi

emblema, mesameSi ki – simbolo (xuTqimiani varskvlavi emblema, mesameSi ki – simbolo (xuTqimiani varskvlavi samxreebze – niSania, gerbze – emblema, xolo beTlemis Tavze samxreebze – niSania, gerbze – emblema, xolo beTlemis Tavze

gamosaxuli ki – simbolo).gamosaxuli ki – simbolo).Tu xelovani Tavis Sinagan mimarTebaTa gadmocemisas, ukve Tu xelovani Tavis Sinagan mimarTebaTa gadmocemisas, ukve

aprobirebul simboloebs mimarTavs an Tavis metaforul xelweras sul aprobirebul simboloebs mimarTavs an Tavis metaforul xelweras sul ufro da ufro usadagebs pirobiTobis am enas, maSin vsaubrobT ufro da ufro usadagebs pirobiTobis am enas, maSin vsaubrobT

simbolizmzesimbolizmze, rogorc esTetikur mimarTulebaze., rogorc esTetikur mimarTulebaze.

alegoriaalegoria

alegoriaalegoria – simbolosagan gansxvavebiT, konkretul asociaciaze – simbolosagan gansxvavebiT, konkretul asociaciaze agebul erTsaxovan suraTs warmoadgens – es SeiZleba iyos igavic, agebul erTsaxovan suraTs warmoadgens – es SeiZleba iyos igavic,

ferweruli namuSevaric, qandakebac.ferweruli namuSevaric, qandakebac.alegoriuli sawyisis matarebelia alegoriuli sawyisis matarebelia andaza da aforizmiandaza da aforizmi

am mokleteqstian gamonaTqvamebs udidesi SemecnebiTi da am mokleteqstian gamonaTqvamebs udidesi SemecnebiTi da simboluri mniSvneloba aqvT (“erTi Txilis guli cxra Zmam gaiyoo”... simboluri mniSvneloba aqvT (“erTi Txilis guli cxra Zmam gaiyoo”...

“sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili saxelovani”...).“sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili saxelovani”...). stilisturad andazebi da aforizmebi frazeologizmebisa da figuraluri stilisturad andazebi da aforizmebi frazeologizmebisa da figuraluri

gamoTqmebis eqvivalenturad ixmareba da aRiqmeba.gamoTqmebis eqvivalenturad ixmareba da aRiqmeba. andazebsa da aforizmebs aqvT sityvaTa myari Tanmimdevroba, andazebsa da aforizmebs aqvT sityvaTa myari Tanmimdevroba,

romelTa Secvlac ar aris mizanSewonili.romelTa Secvlac ar aris mizanSewonili.

Aandazebi da aforizmebiAandazebi da aforizmebi

ritorikaSi xSirad mimarTaven andazebsa da ritorikaSi xSirad mimarTaven andazebsa da aforizmebsaforizmebs – saTauris, sajaro sityvaSi gamoxatuli qveteqstisa Tu – saTauris, sajaro sityvaSi gamoxatuli qveteqstisa Tu

sxvadasxva paralelis saxiT.sxvadasxva paralelis saxiT. es ukanaskneli warmoadgens damatebiT informacias sasaubro es ukanaskneli warmoadgens damatebiT informacias sasaubro

Temis Sesaxeb da saWiroebs gansakuTrebuli Sinaarsis Temis Sesaxeb da saWiroebs gansakuTrebuli Sinaarsis moazrebas.moazrebas.

swored sityvaTa wyobasa da efeqtur paralelebs ZaluZs srulyofili swored sityvaTa wyobasa da efeqtur paralelebs ZaluZs srulyofili urTierToba daamyaros oratorsa da msmenels Soris.urTierToba daamyaros oratorsa da msmenels Soris.

amdenad, andazebisa da aforizmebis, iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva amdenad, andazebisa da aforizmebis, iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva frazeologizmebis gamoyeneba mWevrmetyvelebaSi – aucilebeli frazeologizmebis gamoyeneba mWevrmetyvelebaSi – aucilebeli

xdeba.xdeba. andazebisa da aforizmebis gamoyeneba zepir Tu weriT andazebisa da aforizmebis gamoyeneba zepir Tu weriT

metyvelebaSi - mniSvnelovnad amcirebs Stampebisa da Sablonebis metyvelebaSi - mniSvnelovnad amcirebs Stampebisa da Sablonebis nusxas.nusxas.

auditoriis marTvis xelovneba (oratoris auditoriis marTvis xelovneba (oratoris komunikaciis xelovneba)komunikaciis xelovneba)

oratoris mier auditoriaze gavlenis mosapoveblad oratoris mier auditoriaze gavlenis mosapoveblad aucilebelia Semdegi strategiebis dacva-ganxorcieleba:aucilebelia Semdegi strategiebis dacva-ganxorcieleba:

Temis SerCeva – Temas, Cveulebisamebr, obieqturi viTareba da Temis SerCeva – Temas, Cveulebisamebr, obieqturi viTareba da masTan Cveni damokidebuleba gvikarnaxebs. Mmagram am masTan Cveni damokidebuleba gvikarnaxebs. Mmagram am

SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara farTo situaciur konteqstze, aramed im SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara farTo situaciur konteqstze, aramed im viwro Temaze, romelSic unda movaxdinoT mTeli Cveni viwro Temaze, romelSic unda movaxdinoT mTeli Cveni

damokidebulebis koncentrireba. Tu aseTi Tematuri fokusi ar damokidebulebis koncentrireba. Tu aseTi Tematuri fokusi ar moiZebna, SeiZleba Cveni yuradReba da SemooqmedebiTi moiZebna, SeiZleba Cveni yuradReba da SemooqmedebiTi aqtivoba gaifantos da, Sesabamisad, araefeqturi gamovides. aqtivoba gaifantos da, Sesabamisad, araefeqturi gamovides.

Aamdenad, Temis zust gansazRvras gadamwyveti mniSvneloba Aamdenad, Temis zust gansazRvras gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs.aqvs.

struqturuli monaxazi – igulisxmeba garkveuli gegma, romelSic struqturuli monaxazi – igulisxmeba garkveuli gegma, romelSic Temis garkveuli elementebi logikur Tanamimdevrobas Seqmnis. Temis garkveuli elementebi logikur Tanamimdevrobas Seqmnis.

Aam TanamimdevrobaSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Temis Aam TanamimdevrobaSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Temis dasawyisisa da dasasrulis sworad SerCevas, ramdenadac swored dasawyisisa da dasasrulis sworad SerCevas, ramdenadac swored maT ekisrebaT mTeli Tamaturi monaxazis Sekvra, erT mTlianobad maT ekisrebaT mTeli Tamaturi monaxazis Sekvra, erT mTlianobad

qceva, amasTan, maTze didad aris damokidebuli konkretuli qceva, amasTan, maTze didad aris damokidebuli konkretuli SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis efeqturoba.SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis efeqturoba.


Ppraqtikuli xorcSesxma – es moTxovna sruli Sinaarsis matarebelia Ppraqtikuli xorcSesxma – es moTxovna sruli Sinaarsis matarebelia maSin, rodesac sajaro gamosvlis win winaswar xdeba teqstis maSin, rodesac sajaro gamosvlis win winaswar xdeba teqstis

Seqmna (dawera). Aam SemTxvevaSi mizani erTia: dawerili teqsti Seqmna (dawera). Aam SemTxvevaSi mizani erTia: dawerili teqsti maqsimalurad unda iyos misadagebuli ara mxolod weriT, aramed maqsimalurad unda iyos misadagebuli ara mxolod weriT, aramed sawarmoTqmo amocanas, raTa maTma stilurma gansxvavebam sawarmoTqmo amocanas, raTa maTma stilurma gansxvavebam

warmoTqmis dros uSualoba da bunebrioba ar daarRvios. warmoTqmis dros uSualoba da bunebrioba ar daarRvios. Ddamaxsovreba – am momentze yuradRebis gamaxvileba imdenad Ddamaxsovreba – am momentze yuradRebis gamaxvileba imdenad

aris saWiro, ramdenadac misdami damokidebuleba metad aris saWiro, ramdenadac misdami damokidebuleba metad individualuria; ramdenadac dawerili teqsti gamiznulia individualuria; ramdenadac dawerili teqsti gamiznulia

warmTqmisaTvis auditoriis winaSe, zogi gamomsvleli teqsts warmTqmisaTvis auditoriis winaSe, zogi gamomsvleli teqsts winaswar izepirebs, zogs ki – piriqiT, daswavlili teqstis warmoTqma winaswar izepirebs, zogs ki – piriqiT, daswavlili teqstis warmoTqma

uWirs. uWirs.


Sesabamisad, is gza unda avirCioT, rac Cvens bunebasa da Cvevas Sesabamisad, is gza unda avirCioT, rac Cvens bunebasa da Cvevas Seefereba. Aaq aucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom warmoTqmis dros Seefereba. Aaq aucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom warmoTqmis dros

bunebriobasa da uSualobas unda mivaRwioT; ar unda Candes, rom bunebriobasa da uSualobas unda mivaRwioT; ar unda Candes, rom winaswar daswavlils vyvebiT. sazogadod, warmosaTqmeli teqstis winaswar daswavlils vyvebiT. sazogadod, warmosaTqmeli teqstis

detaluri monaxazis damaxsovreba jobia, raTa oratormac Tavisuflad detaluri monaxazis damaxsovreba jobia, raTa oratormac Tavisuflad igrZnos Tavi da msmenelsac uSualobis SegrZneba darCes. igrZnos Tavi da msmenelsac uSualobis SegrZneba darCes.

Ggadmocema – teqstis gadmocemis calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Ggadmocema – teqstis gadmocemis calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb saubrisas erTaderT sakiTxze SeiZleba gavamaxviloT Sesaxeb saubrisas erTaderT sakiTxze SeiZleba gavamaxviloT

yuradReba: viqonioT Tu ara Tan Canaweri, wavikiTxoT Tu yuradReba: viqonioT Tu ara Tan Canaweri, wavikiTxoT Tu warmovTqvaT momzadebuli teqsti?warmovTqvaT momzadebuli teqsti?


Tanamedrove ritorikuli stili, sazogadod, dawerili teqstis kiTxvas ver Tanamedrove ritorikuli stili, sazogadod, dawerili teqstis kiTxvas ver egueba. TviT xangrZlivi gamosvlis drosac ki oratorebi SigadaSig egueba. TviT xangrZlivi gamosvlis drosac ki oratorebi SigadaSig

iyurebian teqstSi imisaTvis, rom arsebiTi momentebi ar gamorCeT, iyurebian teqstSi imisaTvis, rom arsebiTi momentebi ar gamorCeT, ise ki iqve ayalibeben saTqmels. Aase rom, SesaZloa Tqvenive ise ki iqve ayalibeben saTqmels. Aase rom, SesaZloa Tqvenive

teqsti, Tu es sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia, Tan gqondeT, oRond ise, rom teqsti, Tu es sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia, Tan gqondeT, oRond ise, rom man Tqvenve ar SegiqmnaT uxerxuli mdgomareoba.man Tqvenve ar SegiqmnaT uxerxuli mdgomareoba.

teqstze muSaobisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, ramdenad aris is teqstze muSaobisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, ramdenad aris is gamarTlebuli ritorikuli amocanis TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad aris masSi gamarTlebuli ritorikuli amocanis TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad aris masSi

daculi auditoriasTan urTierTobis taqti.daculi auditoriasTan urTierTobis taqti.


sazogadod, auditoriasTan urTierToba urTulesi problemaa. Aaq sazogadod, auditoriasTan urTierToba urTulesi problemaa. Aaq uamravi TvalsaCino Tu gauTvaliswinebeli faqtori TamaSobs uamravi TvalsaCino Tu gauTvaliswinebeli faqtori TamaSobs

gadamwyvet rols. Aar unda dagvaviwydes, rom auditoria oratoris gadamwyvet rols. Aar unda dagvaviwydes, rom auditoria oratoris mudmivi oponentia. igi maSinac kritikulad aris ganwyobili, roca mudmivi oponentia. igi maSinac kritikulad aris ganwyobili, roca

zedmiwevniT keTilganwyobilia.zedmiwevniT keTilganwyobilia. Nnurasodes miiCnevT, rom sabolood moipoveT auditoriis ndoba, is Nnurasodes miiCnevT, rom sabolood moipoveT auditoriis ndoba, is

SeiZleba Zalian swrafad Seicvalos. Aamitom, sanam auditoriis SeiZleba Zalian swrafad Seicvalos. Aamitom, sanam auditoriis winaSe vimyofebiT, wuTiTac ar unda movadunoT yuradReba.winaSe vimyofebiT, wuTiTac ar unda movadunoT yuradReba.


ras unda viTvaliswinebdeT auditoriasTan urTierTobis ras unda viTvaliswinebdeT auditoriasTan urTierTobis dros?dros?

PpirobiTi miznebi ase gamoiyureba:PpirobiTi miznebi ase gamoiyureba:

1.1. Aar unda warmovaCinoT Tavi auditoriaze aRmatebulad, anu ar Aar unda warmovaCinoT Tavi auditoriaze aRmatebulad, anu ar unda gamoviyenoT urTierTobis vertikaluri modeli (“zevidan – unda gamoviyenoT urTierTobis vertikaluri modeli (“zevidan –

qveviT”); yvelaze ufro Sedegiania e.w. horizontaluri modeli, anu qveviT”); yvelaze ufro Sedegiania e.w. horizontaluri modeli, anu auditoriis miCneva Tanamoazred, partniorad;auditoriis miCneva Tanamoazred, partniorad;

2.2. Aar unda gamoviyenoT auditoriaze pirdapiri zemoqmedebis Aar unda gamoviyenoT auditoriaze pirdapiri zemoqmedebis formebi, arc maTi nebis daZlevis da arc maTi keTilganwyobis formebi, arc maTi nebis daZlevis da arc maTi keTilganwyobis

(TanagrZnobis) mopovebis mizniT;(TanagrZnobis) mopovebis mizniT;3.3. Aar unda vagrZnobinoT auditorias arc aradCagdebis da arc Aar unda vagrZnobinoT auditorias arc aradCagdebis da arc

mfrTxali damomkidebuleba;mfrTxali damomkidebuleba;


Aar unda gavusvaT xazi distancias Cvensa da msmenels Soris (is Aar unda gavusvaT xazi distancias Cvensa da msmenels Soris (is isedac didia!);isedac didia!);

5. Aar unda mivmarToT TviTreklamis formebs. Kkonkretuli ritorikuli 5. Aar unda mivmarToT TviTreklamis formebs. Kkonkretuli ritorikuli amocanis Sesrulebis dros es mxolod gamaRizianeblad amocanis Sesrulebis dros es mxolod gamaRizianeblad

imoqmedebs msmenelze;imoqmedebs msmenelze;6. Nnu vTxovT (miT umetes – nu movTxovT) auditorias, rom 6. Nnu vTxovT (miT umetes – nu movTxovT) auditorias, rom

dagveTanxmos;dagveTanxmos;7. Nnu vagrZnobinebT auditorias, rom mis mimarT reveranss 7. Nnu vagrZnobinebT auditorias, rom mis mimarT reveranss

mivmarTavT (“mivmarTavT (“aq namdvilad gamorCeuli adamianebi Seikribnen”...);aq namdvilad gamorCeuli adamianebi Seikribnen”...);8. Nnu davapirispirebT msmenelTa erT jgufs meoresTan da nu 8. Nnu davapirispirebT msmenelTa erT jgufs meoresTan da nu daviwyebT mtyuan – marTlis gansjas (Tundac ase: “daviwyebT mtyuan – marTlis gansjas (Tundac ase: “ isini, vinc Cems isini, vinc Cems

azrs eTanxmeba, amgvar Sefasebasac endobian”...); azrs eTanxmeba, amgvar Sefasebasac endobian”...);


NN

nu SevafasebT raimes auditoriis saxeliT, msmenelTa magier nu SevafasebT raimes auditoriis saxeliT, msmenelTa magier (magaliTad: ”(magaliTad: ”Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT, rom me mexsiereba mRalatobs”...)Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT, rom me mexsiereba mRalatobs”...)

10. nu davusvamT auditorias “uxerxul” kiTxvas da nu movTxovT 10. nu davusvamT auditorias “uxerxul” kiTxvas da nu movTxovT msmenels pirdapir pasuxs;msmenels pirdapir pasuxs;

11. raki vandeT auditorias Cveni saTqmeli, maSin mzad viyoT, 11. raki vandeT auditorias Cveni saTqmeli, maSin mzad viyoT, miviRoT sapasuxo reaqcia, Tundac is CvenTvis sasargebli ar iyos;miviRoT sapasuxo reaqcia, Tundac is CvenTvis sasargebli ar iyos;

12. vendoT auditorias maSinac ki, roca ar vendobiT!12. vendoT auditorias maSinac ki, roca ar vendobiT!


oratoris mier sajaro sityvaze muSaobisas gaTvaliswinebuli oratoris mier sajaro sityvaze muSaobisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos ucilobeli Sedegi:unda iyos ucilobeli Sedegi: oratoris mier komunikaciis oratoris mier komunikaciis

xelovnebis demonstrireba, anu auditoriis marTvisa da xelovnebis demonstrireba, anu auditoriis marTvisa da masze efeqturi zemoqmedebis maqsimaluri masze efeqturi zemoqmedebis maqsimaluri

SesaZleblobebi.SesaZleblobebi. es Sedegi miRwevadia sxvadasxva xerxebis saSualebiT. es Sedegi miRwevadia sxvadasxva xerxebis saSualebiT. erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli stilisturi xerxi oratoris sityvis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli stilisturi xerxi oratoris sityvis

struqturaSi aris – struqturaSi aris – aluzia.aluzia. Aaluzia Aaluzia – frang., - – frang., - allusion - allusion - miniSneba – eseSi, oratorul miniSneba – eseSi, oratorul

gamosvlasa Tu saubarSi – aris miniSneba sazogadod cnobil gamosvlasa Tu saubarSi – aris miniSneba sazogadod cnobil romelime istoriul an politikur pirovnebaze, literaturul gmirze, istoriul, romelime istoriul an politikur pirovnebaze, literaturul gmirze, istoriul, literaturul, sazogadoebriv – politikur, kulturul – ekonomikur Tu yofiT literaturul, sazogadoebriv – politikur, kulturul – ekonomikur Tu yofiT

faqtebze.faqtebze.


Aaluzias Aaluzias uwodeben agreTve iseT gamoTqmas, romelSic igulisxmeba uwodeben agreTve iseT gamoTqmas, romelSic igulisxmeba romelime istoriuli piri an movlena, romlis dasaxeleba ar undaT raime romelime istoriuli piri an movlena, romlis dasaxeleba ar undaT raime mosazrebiT (“romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa...”).mosazrebiT (“romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa...”).

kolizia kolizia – laT. – laT. Collisio – Collisio – Sejaxeba – Sexedulebebis, miswrafebebisa da Sejaxeba – Sexedulebebis, miswrafebebisa da interesebis dapirispireba. interesebis dapirispireba. kolizia kolizia gansazRvravs nawarmoebis siuJetisa da gansazRvravs nawarmoebis siuJetisa da

fabulis yvela svlas. fabulis yvela svlas. moqmedebis ganviTarebis procesSi moqmedebis ganviTarebis procesSi koliziakolizia SeiZleba Sesustdes da SeiZleba Sesustdes da SeiZleba gamZafrdes, finalSi ki igi yovelTvis gadawyvetilia. es gadawyveta SeiZleba gamZafrdes, finalSi ki igi yovelTvis gadawyvetilia. es gadawyveta

sxvadasxvagvaria:sxvadasxvagvaria:zogjer winaaRmdegobani gabaTilebulia (komediebSi), zogjer zogjer winaaRmdegobani gabaTilebulia (komediebSi), zogjer

winaaRmdegobasTan brZolaSi iRupeba erTi an ramdenime gmiri. winaaRmdegobasTan brZolaSi iRupeba erTi an ramdenime gmiri. Mmxatvrul-publicisturi literaturis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva epoqisaTvis Mmxatvrul-publicisturi literaturis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva epoqisaTvis

(antikuroba, renesansi, klasicizmi da sxv.) damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva (antikuroba, renesansi, klasicizmi da sxv.) damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva tipis mxatvruli kolizia, rac ganpirobebulia Sesabamisi istoriuli epoqebisaTvis tipis mxatvruli kolizia, rac ganpirobebulia Sesabamisi istoriuli epoqebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli Sexedulebebis, miswrafebebis gansxvavebiT.damaxasiaTebeli Sexedulebebis, miswrafebebis gansxvavebiT. PritorikaSi koliziaPritorikaSi kolizia swored sxvadasxva SexedulebaTa dapirispirebis swored sxvadasxva SexedulebaTa dapirispirebis

mZafrad gadmocemas emsaxureba. mZafrad gadmocemas emsaxureba.


oratorul metyvelebas gansakuTrebul eqspresiulobas da emociur oratorul metyvelebas gansakuTrebul eqspresiulobas da emociur elfers aniWebs elfers aniWebs ritorikuli mimarTva, ritorikuli SekiTxva ritorikuli mimarTva, ritorikuli SekiTxva

da ritorikuli SeZaxeba.da ritorikuli SeZaxeba.

ritorikuli mimarTva – ritorikuli mimarTva – msmenelis azris, grZnobisa da gonebis msmenelis azris, grZnobisa da gonebis mipyrobas isaxavs miznad. saerTod, ritorikuli mimarTvis mipyrobas isaxavs miznad. saerTod, ritorikuli mimarTvis

sxvadasxva saxeobas ganasxvaveben. es sxvadasxvaoba ritorikuli sxvadasxva saxeobas ganasxvaveben. es sxvadasxvaoba ritorikuli mimarTvis funqciiT aris ganpirobebuli, Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi mimarTvis funqciiT aris ganpirobebuli, Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi ritorikuli mimarTva miznad isaxavs oratoris Canafiqris gamovlenas ritorikuli mimarTva miznad isaxavs oratoris Canafiqris gamovlenas da msmenelis ganwyobilebis Secvlas. ritorikuli mimarTva oratoris da msmenelis ganwyobilebis Secvlas. ritorikuli mimarTva oratoris

metyvelebis sagans Seexeba.metyvelebis sagans Seexeba.


ritorikuli SekiTxva – ritorikuli SekiTxva – msmenelisadmia mimarTuli, Tumca msmenelisadmia mimarTuli, Tumca pasuxs ar saWiroebs. pasuxs Tavad oratori iZleva. ritorikuli pasuxs ar saWiroebs. pasuxs Tavad oratori iZleva. ritorikuli

SekiTxva aweuli toniT, mtkicebiTi formiT xasiaTdeba. amitom igi SekiTxva aweuli toniT, mtkicebiTi formiT xasiaTdeba. amitom igi damafiqrebelia da myisierad ipyrobs msmenelis yuradRebas.damafiqrebelia da myisierad ipyrobs msmenelis yuradRebas.

ritorikuli SeZaxeba – ritorikuli SeZaxeba – orators imis saSualebas aZlevs, rom ufro orators imis saSualebas aZlevs, rom ufro Zlierad imoqmedos msmenelis gancdaze. gaaRrmaos Tavisi Zlierad imoqmedos msmenelis gancdaze. gaaRrmaos Tavisi

gamonaTqvamis STambeWdaoba, miimxros msmenelis fiqri da gamonaTqvamis STambeWdaoba, miimxros msmenelis fiqri da goneba, ritorikuli SeZaxebisTvis, Cveulebriv, Zaxilis winadadeba goneba, ritorikuli SeZaxebisTvis, Cveulebriv, Zaxilis winadadeba

gamoiyeneba, ritorikuli SeZaxeba mimarTvas uaxlovdeba.gamoiyeneba, ritorikuli SeZaxeba mimarTvas uaxlovdeba.


ritorikuli Sewyveta, gaCumeba (dumili), SeCereba ritorikuli Sewyveta, gaCumeba (dumili), SeCereba (pauza) – (pauza) – aseve oratoris ganwyobilebis gamoxatvis formebia. aseve oratoris ganwyobilebis gamoxatvis formebia.

Oratori moWarbebuli grZnobis gamo saubars wyvets, TiTqos Oratori moWarbebuli grZnobis gamo saubars wyvets, TiTqos laparaki aRar SeuZlia da saTqmels ver amTavrebso. Magram laparaki aRar SeuZlia da saTqmels ver amTavrebso. Magram

sinamdvileSi saTqmeli ukve Tqmulia. Oratoris emociuroba mTlianad sinamdvileSi saTqmeli ukve Tqmulia. Oratoris emociuroba mTlianad msmenelze gadadis, oratoris azris tyveobaSi aqcevs ra am msmenelze gadadis, oratoris azris tyveobaSi aqcevs ra am

ukanasknels.ukanasknels. mWevrmetyvelebaSi emociurobis efeqtis misaRwevad mWevrmetyvelebaSi emociurobis efeqtis misaRwevad

kiTxva-pasuxis formac gamoiyeneba.kiTxva-pasuxis formac gamoiyeneba. es kiTxva-pasuxi ori es kiTxva-pasuxi ori sxva piris dialogs mogvagonebs. amgvari stilistikuri xerxi, sxva piris dialogs mogvagonebs. amgvari stilistikuri xerxi,

metyvelebis eqspresiulobis gaZlierebis garda, orators imisTvisac metyvelebis eqspresiulobis gaZlierebis garda, orators imisTvisac sWirdeba, rom msmeneli erTgvarad axal Temaze gadasasvlelad sWirdeba, rom msmeneli erTgvarad axal Temaze gadasasvlelad

Seamzados da gaiyolos. es xerxi metad efeqturia, dialogis Seamzados da gaiyolos. es xerxi metad efeqturia, dialogis monawileebi oratori da msmenelebi xdebian. oratori msmenels monawileebi oratori da msmenelebi xdebian. oratori msmenels

Tanamomawiled da Tanamoazred aqcevs.Tanamomawiled da Tanamoazred aqcevs.


oratoris komunikaciis xelovneba fasdeba imiTac, Tu oratoris komunikaciis xelovneba fasdeba imiTac, Tu ramdenad sworadaa agebuli misi sityva Semdegi ramdenad sworadaa agebuli misi sityva Semdegi

parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT:parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT: TezisiTezisi – berZn. – berZn. thesis - thesis - mokle formulireba, romelic gansazRvravs mokle formulireba, romelic gansazRvravs

Txzulebis ZiriTadi arss. Txzulebis ZiriTadi arss. antiTezisi antiTezisi - berZn. - berZn. antythesis – antythesis – igivea, rac triada – berZn. igivea, rac triada – berZn. trias – trias – sameba, samoba – ganviTarebis sameba, samsafexurianoba. triadis sameba, samoba – ganviTarebis sameba, samsafexurianoba. triadis

cneba pirvelad ixmares platonma da neoplatonikosebma, kerZod, cneba pirvelad ixmares platonma da neoplatonikosebma, kerZod, proklem. Aam Teoriis mixedviT, ganviTarebis yoveli procesi gaivlis proklem. Aam Teoriis mixedviT, ganviTarebis yoveli procesi gaivlis sam safexurs: Teziss, antiTeziss da sinTezs. Yyoveli momdevno sam safexurs: Teziss, antiTeziss da sinTezs. Yyoveli momdevno

safexuri uaryofs winamavals da iqceva mis sapirispirod. maT Soris safexuri uaryofs winamavals da iqceva mis sapirispirod. maT Soris sinTezi aramarto ukuagdebs antiTaziss, aramed Tavis TavSi sinTezi aramarto ukuagdebs antiTaziss, aramed Tavis TavSi

axleburad aerTianebs ganviTarebis orive winamavali safexuris axleburad aerTianebs ganviTarebis orive winamavali safexuris zogierT niSans.zogierT niSans.


sinTezisinTezi – berZn. – berZn. synthesis – synthesis – SeerTeba, Serwyma – axali triadis SeerTeba, Serwyma – axali triadis dasawyisi, ganviTarebis Tavisebureba, roca ganvlili gzis safuZvelze dasawyisi, ganviTarebis Tavisebureba, roca ganvlili gzis safuZvelze

kvlav miiRweva sawyisi punqti, orond ufro maRal safexurze.kvlav miiRweva sawyisi punqti, orond ufro maRal safexurze. AAanalizianalizi – berZn. – berZn. analysis –analysis –AdaSla, danawevreba – sinTezTan AdaSla, danawevreba – sinTezTan

erTad analizi gamoxatavs winadadebebis (gamoTqmebis) erTad analizi gamoxatavs winadadebebis (gamoTqmebis) WeSmaritebis dadgenis sxvadasxva gzas. Sesabamisad, logikurad WeSmaritebis dadgenis sxvadasxva gzas. Sesabamisad, logikurad mowesrigebuli sistemis yvela winadadeba SeiZleba davyoT or tipad: mowesrigebuli sistemis yvela winadadeba SeiZleba davyoT or tipad: analizuradanalizurad – anu iseTebad, romelTa WeSmariteba SesaZlebelia – anu iseTebad, romelTa WeSmariteba SesaZlebelia

dadgindes mxolod mocemuli sistemis wesebis safuZvelze, dadgindes mxolod mocemuli sistemis wesebis safuZvelze, araenobrivi faqtebisadmi mimarTvis gareSe, da araenobrivi faqtebisadmi mimarTvis gareSe, da sinTezuradsinTezurad – anu – anu iseTebad, romelTa WeSmariteba ar SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod iseTebad, romelTa WeSmariteba ar SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod am wesebis safuZvelze da moiTxovs mivmarToT cnobier, empiriul am wesebis safuZvelze da moiTxovs mivmarToT cnobier, empiriul monacemebs. Gganasxvaveben logikur WeSmaritebebs (analizur monacemebs. Gganasxvaveben logikur WeSmaritebebs (analizur

winadadebebs) da faqtobriv WeSmaritebebs (sinTezur winadadebebs) da faqtobriv WeSmaritebebs (sinTezur winadadebebs).winadadebebs).


EEanalizi analizi - oratoris sityvis struqturis mniSvnelovan komponents - oratoris sityvis struqturis mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens.warmoadgens.

AAanalizianalizi – aseve publicistikisa da literaturaTmcodneobis erT-erTi – aseve publicistikisa da literaturaTmcodneobis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli meTodia. is gulisxmobs nawarmoebis (Txzulebis, gavrcelebuli meTodia. is gulisxmobs nawarmoebis (Txzulebis,

statiis, publikaciis, sajaro gamosvlis) ganxilvas misi Semadgeneli statiis, publikaciis, sajaro gamosvlis) ganxilvas misi Semadgeneli (calke aRebuli komponentebis) mixedviT (Janrobrivi forma, Tema, (calke aRebuli komponentebis) mixedviT (Janrobrivi forma, Tema,

idea, struqtura, stilistikis Taviseburebani). analizis zogierT safexurze idea, struqtura, stilistikis Taviseburebani). analizis zogierT safexurze aucilebelia sxva mecnierebebTan (lingvistika, esTetika, istoria, aucilebelia sxva mecnierebebTan (lingvistika, esTetika, istoria,

kibernetika) kavSiri.kibernetika) kavSiri.


Llogikuri WeSmaritebebi ar gvacnobeben araviTar Llogikuri WeSmaritebebi ar gvacnobeben araviTar uSualo informacias araenobrivi realobis Sesaxeb da uSualo informacias araenobrivi realobis Sesaxeb da formaluri logikis Sinaarss Seadgenen. Ffaqtobrivi formaluri logikis Sinaarss Seadgenen. Ffaqtobrivi WeSmaritebebi ki cdas emyarebian da konkretul WeSmaritebebi ki cdas emyarebian da konkretul mecnierebaTa Sinaarss ( maT Soris kanonebsac) mecnierebaTa Sinaarss ( maT Soris kanonebsac)

gamoxataven.gamoxataven. argumentiargumenti – laT. – laT. Argumentum - Argumentum - ZiriTad mtkicebulebaTa logikuri ZiriTad mtkicebulebaTa logikuri

dasabuTeba. Mmsjeloba, an msjelobiTi sistema, romelic moaqvT dasabuTeba. Mmsjeloba, an msjelobiTi sistema, romelic moaqvT raime sxva msjelobis an msjelobaTa sistemis WeSmaritebis raime sxva msjelobis an msjelobaTa sistemis WeSmaritebis

dasamtkiceblad. dasabuTebis wanamZRvari, an, igive safuZveli, dasamtkiceblad. dasabuTebis wanamZRvari, an, igive safuZveli, anu – dasabuTebis sabuTi, e.i. mTeli dasabuTeba.Qmisi mizania anu – dasabuTebis sabuTi, e.i. mTeli dasabuTeba.Qmisi mizania

daadginos WeSmariteba an siyalbe.daadginos WeSmariteba an siyalbe. qveargumentiqveargumenti – argumentis Semadgeneli nawili, orientirebuli – argumentis Semadgeneli nawili, orientirebuli

Zalze konkretul momentze.Zalze konkretul momentze.


Ddaskvna – Sedegi - Ddaskvna – Sedegi - msjeloba,msjeloba, bWoba, romlis msvlelobaSic bWoba, romlis msvlelobaSic erTi an ramdenime msjelobidan gamomdinareobs axali msjeloba. erTi an ramdenime msjelobidan gamomdinareobs axali msjeloba.

Ddaskvna logikurad gamonmdinareobs wamnamZRvrebidan. Aam Ddaskvna logikurad gamonmdinareobs wamnamZRvrebidan. Aam ukanasknelTagan daskvnaze gadasvla yovelTvis logikis romelime ukanasknelTagan daskvnaze gadasvla yovelTvis logikis romelime wesis (daskvnis wesebis) mixedviT xdeba. DdaskvnaSi aucilebelia wesis (daskvnis wesebis) mixedviT xdeba. DdaskvnaSi aucilebelia

erTi piroba; Tu misi wanamZRvrebi WeSmaritia, daskvnac erTi piroba; Tu misi wanamZRvrebi WeSmaritia, daskvnac WeSmariti (an swori) unda iyos. Ees piroba daculia, Tu daskvnis WeSmariti (an swori) unda iyos. Ees piroba daculia, Tu daskvnis

msvlelobaSi ar irRveva logikis kanonebi da daskvnis wesebi. rogorc msvlelobaSi ar irRveva logikis kanonebi da daskvnis wesebi. rogorc wesi, msjeloba da dasabuTeba warmoadgens daskvnebis jaWvs, wesi, msjeloba da dasabuTeba warmoadgens daskvnebis jaWvs,

romelSic winamavali daskvna erT-erTi momdevno daskvnis romelSic winamavali daskvna erT-erTi momdevno daskvnis safuZveli xdeba. dasabuTebis sisworis pirobaa ara marto misi safuZveli xdeba. dasabuTebis sisworis pirobaa ara marto misi

amosavali msjelobis WeSmariteba, aramed masSi Semavali yoveli amosavali msjelobis WeSmariteba, aramed masSi Semavali yoveli daskvnis siswore.daskvnis siswore.

Mmolaparakebis warmarTvis Mmolaparakebis warmarTvis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebanifsiqologiuri Taviseburebani

molaparakebamolaparakeba yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawils warmoadgens. rogorc wesi, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawils warmoadgens. rogorc wesi, adamianebi radikalurad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. molaparakeba adamianebi radikalurad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. molaparakeba

adamianebs Soris gansxvavebis daZlevis ZiriTadi saSualebaa. maSinac ki, adamianebs Soris gansxvavebis daZlevis ZiriTadi saSualebaa. maSinac ki, roca modave mxareebi sasamarTloSi midian, maT Soris permanentulad roca modave mxareebi sasamarTloSi midian, maT Soris permanentulad

molaparakeba mainc mimdinareobs, raTa dava morigebis gziT gadawydes molaparakeba mainc mimdinareobs, raTa dava morigebis gziT gadawydes da ara sasamarTlos mier.da ara sasamarTlos mier.

ZiriTadad molaparakebis ori gza arsebobs: ZiriTadad molaparakebis ori gza arsebobs: msubuqimsubuqi (roca pirs konfliqtebis (roca pirs konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba surs da daTmobaze midis) da Tavidan acileba surs da daTmobaze midis) da mZime mZime (roca pirs radikaluri (roca pirs radikaluri

pozicia ukavia). arsebobs kidev erTi saxe, romelic msubuq da mZime pozicia ukavia). arsebobs kidev erTi saxe, romelic msubuq da mZime morigebas Soris erTgvar Sualedur adgils ikavebs. esaa morigebas Soris erTgvar Sualedur adgils ikavebs. esaa “principuli “principuli

morigeba”,morigeba”, romlis mizania sakiTxis gadawyveta maRali standartebisa romlis mizania sakiTxis gadawyveta maRali standartebisa (kanonisa da moralis) da principebis Sesabamisad. morigebis yvela meTodi (kanonisa da moralis) da principebis Sesabamisad. morigebis yvela meTodi

sami mniSvnelovani elementisgan Sedgeba: 1. wamoyenebul unda iqnes sami mniSvnelovani elementisgan Sedgeba: 1. wamoyenebul unda iqnes morigebis gonivruli SeTavazeba, Tu, ra Tqma unda, morigeba morigebis gonivruli SeTavazeba, Tu, ra Tqma unda, morigeba

SesaZlebelia.SesaZlebelia.

Mmolaparakebis warmarTvis Mmolaparakebis warmarTvis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebanifsiqologiuri Taviseburebani

MM2. SeTavazeba unda iyos efeqturi da davis gadawyvetas unda 2. SeTavazeba unda iyos efeqturi da davis gadawyvetas unda emsaxurebodes.emsaxurebodes.

3. SeTavazebam unda gaaumjobesos (ukidures SemTxvevaSi, ar gaauaresos 3. SeTavazebam unda gaaumjobesos (ukidures SemTxvevaSi, ar gaauaresos mainc) mxareebs Soris molaparakeba.mainc) mxareebs Soris molaparakeba.

morigebis meTodebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebia:morigebis meTodebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebia:

1.1. ““msubuqi meTodisas” – msubuqi meTodisas” – mizani aris molaparakeba; mxareebi midian mizani aris molaparakeba; mxareebi midian daTmobaze; endobian erTmaneTs; Tavis pozicias cvlian martivad; daTmobaze; endobian erTmaneTs; Tavis pozicias cvlian martivad;

cdiloben, Tavidan aicilon interesTa konfliqti.cdiloben, Tavidan aicilon interesTa konfliqti.2.2. ““mZime meTodisas” – mZime meTodisas” – mizani aris gamarjveba; mxareebi mizani aris gamarjveba; mxareebi

imuqrebian; ar endobian mowinaaRmdege mxares; daJinebiT iTxoven imuqrebian; ar endobian mowinaaRmdege mxares; daJinebiT iTxoven poziciis daTmobas.poziciis daTmobas.

3.3. ““principuli morigebisas” – principuli morigebisas” – mizania molaparakebis gonivruli mizania molaparakebis gonivruli Sedegi; problemis gadasaWrelad iyeneben obieqtur kriteriumebs da Sedegi; problemis gadasaWrelad iyeneben obieqtur kriteriumebs da

damoukidebel standartebs..damoukidebel standartebs..molaparakebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa maqsimalurad momgebiani molaparakebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa maqsimalurad momgebiani

poziciis dakaveba da Semdgom poziciebis Tanmimdevruli poziciis dakaveba da Semdgom poziciebis Tanmimdevruli daTmoba.daTmoba.

xrikebi molaparakebisasxrikebi molaparakebisasmolaparakebebi TamaSis wesebis Taobazemolaparakebebi TamaSis wesebis Taobaze

principuli molaparakebebis warmoeba sakmaod efeqturia, magram ra xdeba, principuli molaparakebebis warmoeba sakmaod efeqturia, magram ra xdeba, Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare ityueba da cdilobs meoris mdgomareobidan Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare ityueba da cdilobs meoris mdgomareobidan

gamoyvanas? an, Tu igi zrdis Tavis moTxovnebs im momentSi, roca gamoyvanas? an, Tu igi zrdis Tavis moTxovnebs im momentSi, roca mowinaaRmdege mxare ukve mzad aris dasaTanxmeblad? arsebobs mowinaaRmdege mxare ukve mzad aris dasaTanxmeblad? arsebobs

mravali taqtika da xriki mowinaaRmdegis mosatyueblad. is SeiZleba iyos mravali taqtika da xriki mowinaaRmdegis mosatyueblad. is SeiZleba iyos arakanonieri, araeTikuri, an, ubralod, arasasiamovno. maTi mizania arakanonieri, araeTikuri, an, ubralod, arasasiamovno. maTi mizania

daexmaros pirs uprincipo Sejibridan mogebis miRebaSi.daexmaros pirs uprincipo Sejibridan mogebis miRebaSi.Tu erT-eTi mxare sargeblobs binZuri xrikebiT, arsebobs TamaSis wesebze Tu erT-eTi mxare sargeblobs binZuri xrikebiT, arsebobs TamaSis wesebze

molaparakebebis warmoebis 3 safexuri: 1. daayeneT sakiTxi taqtikis molaparakebebis warmoebis 3 safexuri: 1. daayeneT sakiTxi taqtikis arakanonierebis Taobaze da gamoTqviT molaparakebebis sxva taqtikiT arakanonierebis Taobaze da gamoTqviT molaparakebebis sxva taqtikiT warmoebis survili. 2. SeecadeT gamoavlinoT is specifikuri mxareebi da warmoebis survili. 2. SeecadeT gamoavlinoT is specifikuri mxareebi da

tyuilebi, romelsac meore mxare iyenebs mowinaaRmdegis winaaRmdeg. 3. tyuilebi, romelsac meore mxare iyenebs mowinaaRmdegis winaaRmdeg. 3. awarmoeT molaparakebebi TamaSis wesebis Taobaze.awarmoeT molaparakebebi TamaSis wesebis Taobaze.

xrikebi molaparakebisasxrikebi molaparakebisasmolaparakebebisas sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad: a. erTmaneTisgan molaparakebebisas sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad: a. erTmaneTisgan

gamijneT adamianebi da problemebi; b. koncentrireba moaxdineT gamijneT adamianebi da problemebi; b. koncentrireba moaxdineT interesebze da ara poziciebze; g. SeimuSaveT orive mxarisTvis sasargeblo interesebze da ara poziciebze; g. SeimuSaveT orive mxarisTvis sasargeblo

variantebi; d. gamoiyeneT obieqturi kriteriumebi; e. sabolood, aucileblad variantebi; d. gamoiyeneT obieqturi kriteriumebi; e. sabolood, aucileblad mimarTeT TqvenTvis saukeTeso alternativas.mimarTeT TqvenTvis saukeTeso alternativas.

cbieri taqtikacbieri taqtikacbieri taqtika SesaZloa daiyos sam kategoriad: gamiznuli tyuili, fsiqologiuri omi cbieri taqtika SesaZloa daiyos sam kategoriad: gamiznuli tyuili, fsiqologiuri omi

da poziciaTa wnexis taqtika. Tqven yovelTvis momzadebuli unda iyoT, rom da poziciaTa wnexis taqtika. Tqven yovelTvis momzadebuli unda iyoT, rom samive maTganTan iqonioT saqme.samive maTganTan iqonioT saqme. Ggamiznuli tyuiliGgamiznuli tyuili

binZuri xrikebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa faqtebis, Zalauflebisa da binZuri xrikebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa faqtebis, Zalauflebisa da ganzraxvis damaxinjebuli gziT warmodgena. Gagmiznuli tyuilis ganzraxvis damaxinjebuli gziT warmodgena. Gagmiznuli tyuilis

maxasiaTeblebia:maxasiaTeblebia:

xrikebi molaparakebisasxrikebi molaparakebisasyalbi faqtebi; araerTmniSvnelovani Zalaufleba; saeWvo ganzraxvebi; arasruli yalbi faqtebi; araerTmniSvnelovani Zalaufleba; saeWvo ganzraxvebi; arasruli

gaxsniloba. maT sawinaaRmdegod, mizanSewonilia, mimarToT Semdeg gaxsniloba. maT sawinaaRmdegod, mizanSewonilia, mimarToT Semdeg RonisZiebebs: gadaamowmeT mowinaaRmdegis gancxadebebi; arasodes RonisZiebebs: gadaamowmeT mowinaaRmdegis gancxadebebi; arasodes ifiqroT, rom mowinaaRmdeges aqvs sruli Zalaufleba mxolod imitom, rom ifiqroT, rom mowinaaRmdeges aqvs sruli Zalaufleba mxolod imitom, rom

mas mihyavs molaparakebebi. vidre daiwyebT kompromisze fiqrs, mas mihyavs molaparakebebi. vidre daiwyebT kompromisze fiqrs, aucileblad gaarkvieT mowinaaRmdegis Zalaufleba; problemebi aucileblad gaarkvieT mowinaaRmdegis Zalaufleba; problemebi

warmoaCineT naTlad da mowinaaRmdegis gancxadebebi gamoiyeneT warmoaCineT naTlad da mowinaaRmdegis gancxadebebi gamoiyeneT garantiebis misaRebad; Tu migaCniaT, rom SeTanxmeba SeuZlebelia, garantiebis misaRebad; Tu migaCniaT, rom SeTanxmeba SeuZlebelia,

umjobesia mimarToT mesame pirs, romelic erTgvarad gaaneitralebs umjobesia mimarToT mesame pirs, romelic erTgvarad gaaneitralebs problemas.problemas.

fsiqologiuri omifsiqologiuri omies taqtika mimarTulia mowinaaRmdegis “kuTxeSi misamwyvdevad”, raTa, rac es taqtika mimarTulia mowinaaRmdegis “kuTxeSi misamwyvdevad”, raTa, rac

SeiZleba swrafad damTavrdes molaparakebis procesi. misi SeiZleba swrafad damTavrdes molaparakebis procesi. misi maxasiaTeblebia:maxasiaTeblebia:

xrikebi molaparakebisasxrikebi molaparakebisasdaZabuli situacia; piradi Tavdasxma (verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis daZabuli situacia; piradi Tavdasxma (verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis

saxiT); e.w. “cudi biWi/kargi biWis” rutina (esaa fsiqologiuri manipulaciis saxiT); e.w. “cudi biWi/kargi biWis” rutina (esaa fsiqologiuri manipulaciis forma, romlis gacnobierebis SemTxvevaSi mowinaRmdege ver agiyoliebT. forma, romlis gacnobierebis SemTxvevaSi mowinaRmdege ver agiyoliebT.

amisTvis saWiroa, rom “karg biWsac” da “cud biWsac” erTi da igive amisTvis saWiroa, rom “karg biWsac” da “cud biWsac” erTi da igive SekiTxva dausvaT); muqara (muqariT zewola).SekiTxva dausvaT); muqara (muqariT zewola).

zewolis poziciuri taqtikazewolis poziciuri taqtikaes aris taqtika, romlis drosac mxolod erT mxares SeuZlia daTmobaze wasvla. es aris taqtika, romlis drosac mxolod erT mxares SeuZlia daTmobaze wasvla.

ra SeiZleba gavakeToT, roca meore mxare ra SeiZleba gavakeToT, roca meore mxare uars acxadebs uars acxadebs molaparakebazemolaparakebaze? 1. SeecadeT amoicnoT es taqtika, romelic saSualebas ? 1. SeecadeT amoicnoT es taqtika, romelic saSualebas

aZlevs mxares, molaparakebebi daiwyos upiratesobiT da gaiZuloT aZlevs mxares, molaparakebebi daiwyos upiratesobiT da gaiZuloT winaswarve waxvideT daTmobaze. 2. SeecadeT ganixiloT es uari, winaswarve waxvideT daTmobaze. 2. SeecadeT ganixiloT es uari,

gaarkvieT, ra aris am uaris mizezi. 3. SesTavazeT maT molaparakeba gaarkvieT, ra aris am uaris mizezi. 3. SesTavazeT maT molaparakeba mesame piris meSveobiT. mesame piris meSveobiT.

zewolis poziciuri taqtikis komponentebia: gadaWarbebuli moTxovnebi, zewolis poziciuri taqtikis komponentebia: gadaWarbebuli moTxovnebi, moTxovnaTa TandaTanobiTi gazrda, Caketili taqtika, mkacri partniori, moTxovnaTa TandaTanobiTi gazrda, Caketili taqtika, mkacri partniori,

gamoTvlili Seyovneba, “rogorc geneboT” – anu, mowinaaRmdegis gamoTvlili Seyovneba, “rogorc geneboT” – anu, mowinaaRmdegis dayeneba mkacri arCevanis winaSe.dayeneba mkacri arCevanis winaSe.

xrikebi molaparakebisasxrikebi molaparakebisas nu gaxdebiT msxverplinu gaxdebiT msxverpli

molaparakebebis warmoebisas ukeTesi iqneba, Tu sakuTar Tavs dausvamT molaparakebebis warmoebisas ukeTesi iqneba, Tu sakuTar Tavs dausvamT SekiTxvas: SekiTxvas: ras ityodiT, analogiuri taqtika meore mxares rom ras ityodiT, analogiuri taqtika meore mxares rom

gamoeyenebina Tqvens winaaRmdeg?gamoeyenebina Tqvens winaaRmdeg? es dagexmarebaT es dagexmarebaT yuradReba gaamaxviloT Tqvens Sinagan faseulobebze. SesaZloa, yuradReba gaamaxviloT Tqvens Sinagan faseulobebze. SesaZloa,

sasargeblo aRmoCndes aseTi kiTxvac: “SeiZleba es ucnaurad JRerdes, sasargeblo aRmoCndes aseTi kiTxvac: “SeiZleba es ucnaurad JRerdes, magram minda gavigo, ra wesebiT vapirebT TamaSs. orives gvinda Tu ara magram minda gavigo, ra wesebiT vapirebT TamaSs. orives gvinda Tu ara

swrafi da efeqturi morigeba, Tu iseTi molaparakebebis gamarTvas swrafi da efeqturi morigeba, Tu iseTi molaparakebebis gamarTvas vapirebT, sadac jiuti imarjvebs?” amasTan, gaxsovdeT, rom mniSvneloba ar vapirebT, sadac jiuti imarjvebs?” amasTan, gaxsovdeT, rom mniSvneloba ar

aqvs Tqvens qmedebebs, aucilebelia momzadebuli iyoT binZuri aqvs Tqvens qmedebebs, aucilebelia momzadebuli iyoT binZuri vaWrobisaTvis. SegiZliaT iyoT imaze mkacric, vidre realurad xarT. vaWrobisaTvis. SegiZliaT iyoT imaze mkacric, vidre realurad xarT. gaxsovdeT, rom gacilebiT iolia principebis dacva, vidre gaxsovdeT, rom gacilebiT iolia principebis dacva, vidre

ukanono taqtikis.ukanono taqtikis.

gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis!gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis!

MM

momaval Sexvedramde!momaval Sexvedramde!

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