1971: STARTING POINT OFEDUCATIONAL INTEGRATION

Law number 118: education of pupils with disabilities in normal classes of public school.

Rejection of pupils with disabilities punished criminally

Everybody at normal school, also pupils

with long-term disabilities: physical mental intellectual sensory

Law 517/1977: SEN teachers for SEN pupils

Dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia ≠ handicap and disability

No SEN teacher for dislexic, dyscalculic and dysgraphic pupils

Handicap ≠ disability

any limitation in learning, speaking, walking or some other activities (individual dimension)

loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the life of the community on an equal level with others (social dimension)

disability handicap

How many pupils with disabilities at public school? 

Totally 2% Around 10,000 at pre-school, around 40,000 at primary school around 70,000 at secondary school (50,000 11-14 years old

and around 20,000 15-18 years old)

Of them 2% with visual handicap 7% with a hearing handicap 15% with a physical handicap 76% with an intellectual handicap

Some special schools still exist but with very few pupils

Composition of the classes

No more than 20 pupils in the classes with disabled pupils

Inclusion

From integration to inclusion.

Importance of inclusion emphasized also by the European Community

Integration vs Inclusion

Children with special needs in mainstream classrooms

The disabled learner must fit into mainstream classes

Deeper level of participation for students with disabilities in normal learning activities

Attempt to adapt the mainstream class to the needs of the disabled learner

The child is usually assisted by SEN teachers

Integration Inclusion

How to achieve educational inclusion? 

A number of institutional procedures defined by Law 104, issued in 1992

A handicap certificate

A functional diagnosis

A dynamic functional profile

Individualized educational plan

Who are SEN teachers and what they do?

regular teachers of the classes like the subject teachers

specialized teachers whose main aim is granting integration and special education

the lesson planning marking and

assessing work in the classroom

during the lessons special equipment and

special strategies contacts with parents

or guardians 

SEN teachers are SEN teachers