1963 tribute to tunku
TRANSCRIPT
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T R I U T E
T O
D U L
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TRIBUTE
TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
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Published by S. Durai Raja Singam,
29, Circular Road,
Kuala Lumpur ,
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It is a source of particular pride to us that of the six states in the F
East formerly under British rule which have recently become se
governing three have a Cambridge graduate chosen to be head o
their gove rnm ent. Am ong them this man upon w ho m w e rejoic
to confer our honour to-day has already achieved a conspicuou
place, and he will leave a reputation which will deservedly las
For he undertook a truly Herculean role, to persuade the thre
commingled races who inhabited the great peninsula and were fa
from likely to coalesce, that they should sink their differences an
work for a common policy. Yet against all expectations this w
accomplished, and in a surprisingly short time that independenc
could be granted.
H ow , you may ask, did he effect this seeming m iracle? B
patience, certainly, and skill; also by justified outspokenness
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Deputy Crime Minuter.
Federation
ef
Malaya,
Kuala Lmnjiur
FOREWORD
On
February 8, 1963 our illustrious Prime Minister
will be sixty. It l« almost unb«lievabl« for, to us all, the
Tunku ia always forever young, vivacious and versatile. On
that day he will recalrs many garlands of flowers many
heartfelt tributes and many congratulatory messages from
both within and outside the country. One of them
is
this
book ef tributes, entitled Tribute to Tunku Abdul Rahman ,
which is in fact a literary gift of many essay« writtsn by many
well -known writers and painstakingly compiled by Enche'
S. Durai Raja Singam. All there essays successfully portray
the various aspects of the Tunku'a adventurouB and colourful
life as well a* his illustrious career both as a political leader
and a statesman. It gives me, therefore, the greatest
pleasure to write this Foreword to the Volume.
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1 am most grateful to the H onb le The D eputy Prime M inister,
Tun Abdul Razak Al-Haj S.M.N., S.P.M.J. for writing the Foreword.
I told Field - M arshal Sir Gerald Templer G .C.M .G ,
K.C.B, K.B.E, D .S.O, A.D .C. that I was producing this book
and
in
his reply he said.
"I am a tremen dous admirer of the
Tunku,
and we are
great friends. N o one know s better than I do how much
Malaya owes to him"
In his farewell speeches he m ad e frequent references in
similar terms. Ap pointed to end the Emergency and to restore
law and order he too k a wide view of his task and was m uch
helped in "the battle for hearts and minds" by the Tunku.
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PREFACE
It might be considered rather odd for anyone to at tempt
to produce a book on the life of an em inent person w ithou t even
having met him once.
I only saw Tunku Abdul Rahm an, the M alayan Prime
Minister at an election rally
in Kuantan.
It was way back in
1954. Since then mu ch has happene d and in 1957 the Tun ku
led the nation into independence.
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respect in the United N atio ns . Produ cing ab un da nt t in and rubb
it was able to finance large systems of communications, health an
educa tion. Tho ugh it has thrown up notable men in Adm in
stration like Tunku Kudin and Sultan Idris, it has not so far see
world figures in the A rts, Literature, Eng ineering, Science, Philoso ph
Religion or even in Heresy. In M edicine its record is of the highe
ord er. Sir M alcolm W atson was the first to apply th e field trea tm e
in the war against M alaria. D r. Lim Boon Ke ng and Dr. W
Lien— Teh did grand w ork in Ch ina, in com bating plagues. Th
Institute of Medical Research (founded in 1902) which discovere
the cause of beri-beri has an international reputation and doe
invaluable research.
But in the other fields our standard has a high average bu
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CONTENTS
FRONTISPIECE.
F O RE WO RD BY T U N A BD U L RA ZA K A L - H A J
S.M.N., S.P.M.J.
PREFACE BY THE EDITOR . S. DURA 1 RAJA SLNGAM.
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE BOOK:
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PACE 62. W ITH
THE
TUN KU IN EUROPE - FRANK SULLI -
VAN.
PAGE 77. W OR LD W IND OW .
S E C T I O N 4. FAC E T S AND ASPE C T S.
PAGE 82. SMILE AND
THE
WORLD SMILES WITH YOU -
P A U L M A R K A N D A N ,
PAGE 85. A DA Y IN THE LIFE OF THE PRIME MINISTER -
MALIK BIN ABDUL RAHMAN.
SE C T I ON . 5 . I M PR E SSI O NS AND R E FL E C T I ON S.
PAGE 90. TH E LEADER WITH THE GA ND HIAN TO UC H -
S, DURAI RAJA SINGAM.
PAGE 93. BAPA MALAYSIA - TU NK U AH MA D BIN TU N KU
M O H A M E D .
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The Verdict of History
(Gerald Hawkins
O.B.E
)
The M use of H istory is an austere and forbidd-
ing female with a particu larly sh arp eye on heroes
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
would place him among the intelligently. H is aims are to spre
peace, good-will and plenty. T o him , politics is a busine
of practical experience, no t of the oretical ideas. He is t
apotheosis of the ordinary man.
His rise to fame and power was unsought and greatness w
thrust upon him. Ten years ago the leadership of a somewhat d
traugh t United Malay N ation al Org anisation fell vacant and rath
reluctantly he took it over. Th e United M alay N atio nal Organis
tion was re-organised and re-inspired. In 1952 it joine d w ith t
Malayan Chinese Association and the Malayan Indian Congress
form the Alliance Party and won handsomely the first Municip
election in Kuala Lu m pur . In 1957 the Alliance won M alay
first genera election w ith an almost comp lete cap ture of the sea
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Across the Frontiers
Home
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GERALD HAWKINS
A plateful of troubles.
The Emergency was draining away much blood and money.
Militarily, it was nearing its successful end. Psychologically, the
Tun ku's m eeting with Chin Peng at B aling smashed the pretence th at
it was rebellion
for
the freedom of Malaya by demonstrating that
freedom had been won and further resistance was pointless.
The dark cloud of a plural society lowered all over Malaya.
The Tu nku 's attitud e is that "G overn m ent is a contrivance of hum -
an wisdom to provide for hu m an wants'". Hum an wisdom must
hasten to contrive something that would provide employment,
happiness and
a
true home for
all.
A plural society is one in which the component communities
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
rights. The Chinese prin ciple - "w here ever bo rn, A Chinese
Chinese subject". - m ade it hard for them wh o paid the lar
par t of the taxes to have the feeling of really "b elo ng ing " t
co un try where they had no political power officially. Th e "O th e
as small minority groups, were suspicious and watchful but anxi
not to anta go nise . The re was no single satisfactory answ er to
questions.
Th e M alays have always been toler ant. They acted with m
generosity and com prom ise. Th e higher civil service was ope
to non-M alays . Th e language was m ade easier for foreigners
using the letters of the Roman alphabet instead of the Jawi scr
Citizenship was granted by registration and the issue of certific
on extremely generous term s. The re were com m on electoral r
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GERALD HAWKINS
It is not pretended tha t the T un ku did all these reforms by
himself alone . The T un ku is aware of his lim itations and a m an of
his charm can readily obtain expert and expensive advice from the
leading authorities and, in due course, his practical common sense
gives to such advice the prac tical ap plic atio n most suitable for
Malayan conditions.
Of the other problems, rural development, education, housing,
medical services, trades unions, ports, industrialisation etc. the
daily press gives daily and exhilarating success stories.
For problems outside Malaya, the Tunku who also holds the
portfolio for Foreign Affairs has been more personally responsible.
The pending merger with Singapore, and the Borneo territories;
A.S.A. that joins in friendly co-operation Thailand and the Philip-
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MALAYA'S MAN OF DESTINY
Y.T.M.
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Putra Al -Haj
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FRANCIS COORAY
If the Tun ku were an am bitious m an, these two achievements
alone would have already earned for him praise and glory sufficient
to satisfy him . But he is m ade of sterner stuff and dom inati ng all
his political think ing is the fixed idea th at the pa th along which he
is leading Malaya shall lead nowhere but to the ultimate peace and
prosperity of the M alayan na tion . Therefore T am certain he w ill
not want to rest from his lab ou rs until he feels sure in his own m ind
that the happiness and peace of the people whom he has sought to
serve are firmly established on found ations w hich ca nn ot easily be
undermined by their enemies. W ho those enemies are the Tu nk u
has repeatedly and uneq uivocally ann oun ced for all the world
to hear.
This is not a biog raph ical record but an app reciatio n of the
achievements which are already to the Tunku's credit and a realistic
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
accepted his leadership Tu nku Ab dul Rahm an proceeded to in
his own realism into his closest friends and through them to
general Malay community.
The Tu nku realised very early in his po litical career tha t
Malay community had only belatedly and hesitatingly entered
the modern world, and therefore they had to work hard to catch
with the immigrant racial groups who had progressed much furt
At the same tim e however he also realised tha t the M alays co
not make any headway without the goodwill, co-operation and h
of oth er racial grou ps. Jt was, therefore , a stroke of genius to h
brought together the three main ethnic groups to share in
adm inistration ofthe country. From this sagacious arrangem
a political expediency no do ub t, has arisen every hop e of inte
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FRANCIS COORAY
bou ndaries of their own cou ntries. It takes a statesma n to look
beyond the par och ial scene an d study and assess the effects of the
interplay of intern ation al politics on his own cou ntry. Cold war
tensions and ho t war thre ats have m ade a terrific imp act on the
Tu nk u's ou tlook and chara cter. His personal con tacts with some
of the outstanding statesmen of this highly explosive decade has
gradually created in him one ruling passion, and that is to ensure the
happiness and prospe rity of his co un try. H e is und oub tedly
convinced that he can not achieve that object w ithou t also ensuring
that M alaya shall never fall in to the han ds of the com m unists.
The Tunku is not only a bo rn leade r, wh ich is really an in-
herited qua lity, but he is also a courag eous fighter. W hether at
football, golf or politics you will find him a worthy opponent who
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Secretary had lectured him on the indifferent pictu re of an u
known artist. I cannot imagine Tu nku Abdul R ahm an bei
taken in like that by his Priva te Secretary , or for tha t m atte r
any othe r Secretary. But it is true that Prim e M inisters are som
times show n no t only the wrong picture but also the wrong si
of the picture.
Th e T un ku has in han d the task of framing and implem e
ting the Fed eratio n of M alaysia in such a way that in whatev
he does or says there is no t the slightest hi nt that the Bo rn
territ orie s will jo in the Fe deratio n except as free and equal pa
ners.
Th e T unk u launched his M alaysia plan not with any id
of deriv ing benefit for M alaya bu t in the firm belief that clos
association between these territories and M alaya would help t
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FRANCIS COORAY
The task ahead is trem end ous, the problems are many and
complicated, fears are genuine even where they are ill-founded
and Malaya is taking on serious responsibilities for the welfare
of the people of the new m embers of the new Fed eration . Tu nk u
Abdul Rahm an is tod ay the symbol of that new happiness and
prosperity which they expect. He will, therefore, need the
co-operation and goodw ill of all M alayans.
I am indeed happ y to pay this tribute to the m an wh o stands
head and shoulders above ma ny of his con tem pora ries in this
part of Asia and who has guided the Federation of Malaya to the
front rank of progressive nations.
W hat lies ahead of the Tu nk u is in the lap of the gods bu t
come wh at may he will always be the same loyal, generous and
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Tunku Abdul Rahman
Supreme Leader And Diplomat
(G. H. KIAT O.B.E )
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G. H. KIAT
and once that he mu st help m ake his cou ntry his ow n. This m ay be
the do m ina nt factor th at rules his life when he takes up the rein
of UMNO.
There are three poignant, vital, important and outstanding
events in the history of this country that will ever be remembered
by this and many generations to come and with each of these, the
Tunku has played a leading and an important part. The accomplish-
ment of such events of tremendous value were not thought possible
at one time and none could conjecture that they could be realised
so quickly and in such a short space of tim e.
Where Dato Onn failed, the Tunku succeeded in linking together
loosely the different communal parties and formed in 1952 the
Alliance of UMNO, the Malayan Chinese Association and the
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
interest of the country. After twelve long years of suffering, ha
ship and inconvenience, the Tunku together with his co-workers h
again succeeded in another great and outstanding task of freei
Malaya from the Communists, though there may be some remnan
left.
Now is the third phase and perhaps the final and the last of
Tunku's great contribution to this country. The idea of first merg
and then Malaysia was first mooted by the Tunku in early 196
Then came the news on the 16th September 1961 that Tunku Abd
Rahman and the Singapore Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Ye
agreed that Singapore should join the Federation. Then arose t
almost insurmountable objection - by merger, Singapore citize
would be Federal subjects only and no t Fed eral citizens. O
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G. H. KIAT
of an English education was a means or channel to earn a living,
he came to their rescue and publicly stated th at the English
educated were quite alright and that they were good citizens.
If one can point out with his finger the greatest deed of the
Tunku in his office as the Prime Minister, it is his great and almost
unbelievable ability and capacity to promote and create racial
harmony among the races and weld them together for the common
and greater good. If Communism is bad and destructive to the
country, racial d isharm ony and discord is wo rse. In this, the Tun ku
can lead the cou ntry to success. W hen M alaysia is fully realised a nd
is a reality, the Tunku has completed his biggest work and done the
greatest good to this cou ntry as no one else has. He is, und ou bte dly ,
both a real great leader and dip lom at. W hen the history of M alaya
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Tunku The Man I Know
(R. Ramani)
Politics
been vario
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R . R A M A N I
the real and the practical and not lose his head in the clouds
f the ideal and, secondly, that even the real is unattainable if
one develops inflexibility in his approach to any problem.
This is not to say however that one can go through political
life without a basic regard to principles by which one must
needs be held as if by an anchor.
In modern democratic socieities where it is possible to
postulate of any citizen of a state that given a modicum of
intelligence, education and articulation, articulation most of all,
he or she can rise to the heights of political power, it is
doubly necessary to cultivate the aptitude for compromise in
the effort to see clearly and see whole wh at is poss ible. N o
longer are hereditary attributes or any exceptional powers pre-
dicated for political lea dersh ip. In the final analysis therefore a
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
administrat ion
that
reflected the hopes and aspirations,
struggles and heart-aches of a whole people composed of a
pathetic racial groups that saw the future in terms of sepa
interests and had not been taught and given no opportu
to learn and see even at a distance the vision of a cohe
and purposeful nation standing on its own feet.
The Tunku therefore inherited an administration wh
however com pete nt, had had its efficiency sha rpen ed and tu
to considerations and circumstances that ceased to exit on
stroke of the midnight hour of the 31st August, 1957
opened the window s to the vision of a new dawn. After
fateful ho ur the ab ility to govern had to be m atched to
conscious desire of a people willing to be governed.
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R . R A M A N 1
affect
he intellectual a ttitu de s th at can see a doz en difficulties
every simple solution. He arrives at solutions more by
intuition tha n the slower process of ratio na lisat ion . H e recalls
the classic example of a famous chief justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States who invariably collected his collea-
gues to tell them of his decision and left it to them as lawyers
to find all the good reasons for it W hatever else he m ay yet
achieve he has already left his foot prints on the sands of our
time and the vision of new realms that he so wishes to con que r
is forever sustained by the sole desire to enlarge for h imself the
areas of his service to his own people. H is talen ts as a po li-
tician are therefore no more than the projection on to a wider
stage, his personal qualities as a man and, these are the ideal
qualities that make for leadership in the modern world.
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Without a Crystal Bal l
(J . S . H. Cunyngham-Brown
O.B.E.
M.C.S. frtd
"I cann ot aspire to encounter a Pro ph et", said
fucius; "all I da re ho ps is to meet a perfect ge ntle m en "
N ot having the h on ou r of close perso nal acquaintanc
with Yang Teram at M ulia Tu nku Abdul Ra hm an Putra A
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J . S. H. CUNYNGHAM-BROWN
caused it to undergo a mutation, endowing it with law and order,
education, good health and an adm irable ad m inistra tion , whose
practical ap pro ach and eng ineering skills hav e interlaced its face w ith
roads and railways and whose commerciaJ interests have caused vast
areas to be cleared and planted and cities, towns and docks to sprout
like m ushroom s throu gh ou t the lan d; all these, con tributin g their
energy, their philosophy, their practical knowledge and their sense of
hum our, have been the welcome guests of am on g the m ost
courteous, forbearing and good -natured hosts the world has ever
known - the Malays.
The Malay contribution to the Malayan people and tempera-
ment, (a point which should never be overlooked,) is one therefore
which in the end proves more essential than all the others' put
together.
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
races. He sees his own people's con tribution to the M ala
population as the matrix in which all other races live and thrive -
in his successful efforts to preserve the country's peace and
'courtesy of M alay acc epta nc e', it has been necessary for him
make special provisions - often very important ones - for Ma
survival, well-being and progress; special provisions that must de
at times from his own ideal of equality of op po rtun ity for everyo
bu t which he has had the cou rage to insist up on , even at the risk
losing popularity among the non-Malay half of the population,
the very obv ious good of all. H e knows his own people and reali
kindly and peace-loving though they are, that in matters of t
good name, position and national honour they remain as sensit
brave and proud as the H ighlan d Scot. Let tha t fact be overloo
in word or deed and the air we breathe, the very medium in which
all live and flourish, would soon cease to support us.
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J . S. H. CUNYNGHAM-BROWN
oromotes technical skills and has no false pride in calling to his aid
as many foreign instructo rs as are willing to assist to th at en d. H is
ambassadors to foreign countries are in general carefully selected
and able m en. He provides M alaya with as m uch , but only as m uch,
defence as it can afford. He know s instinctively that n eutralism in
this modern w orld is an attractive b ut highly dang erou s policy.
He is for peace, though not for peace at any price, but only for peace
if it is in any way ho no ura bly possible. And he is wise enoug h to
realize that a country is foolish to make a close ally of any country
much stronger than itself. In short the T un ku has no such ideas as
'Kadok melampau junjong;
but realistically surveys the world around
him and makes only such promises as he knows the country can
afford and fulfil.
The M alays are not good haters - not for long at any rate. Th e
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
The forthcoming Merger with Singapore, Sabah, Brunei a
Sarawa k is a natur al and highly necessary developme
in which the Tu nk u's characteristic share h as been to ann oun
it, publicise it, give everyone a chance to express his opinio
about it and to pay visits to see for himself what Malaya is like; a
though the untoward speed with which the scheme has progress
(a haste certainly forced upo n him by th e rising tide of 'left
opportunism that flared-up in Brunei) has in some respects marr
the ordered and unhurried pace which it would have been in li
with the Tunku's character to pursue if left in peace, the fact remai
tha t his whole app roac h to the concept of M alaysia has been th
roughly dem ocratic in act and intentio n and a refreshing con tra
to Mussolini's grab of Abyssinia, Hitler's rape of Austria, or Russi
seizure of Chekoslavakia, Poland and the Baltic States; all of whi
were carried out in 'blitzk rieg ' fashion by sudde n onslaug ht a
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J. S. H. CUNYNGHAM-RROWN
In short - and it is scarcely possible to offer the Prime Minister
higher praise - his policies both at home and abroad are nothing
involved, elab ora te or fine-drawn. They rest on tho se simple ideas
of human decency and good-conduct which it would indeed be well
if the rest of the world would adopt and follow.
To offer a panegyric of blind hero-worship and adulation to
Malaya's Prime Minister would seem to me wrong in principle as
well as false to so sane and wise a per son . A sho rt, tru e acc oun t a s
seen by the man in the street, of his attitude to life as it appears to us
all from the daily record of his actions - of his practical, sensible
and kindly app roa ch to the various problem s that confront him - add
far more to the stature of the human picture that one desires
here to represent. Th ou gh th e Tu nk u is the last m an , one hopes of
whom it might ever be said - 'call him a god a nd y ou soon m ake h im
a devil', I should nevertheless, rather than endowing him with so
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AN PPRECI TION
Dato Sir Alexander Oppenheim P.M.N., O.B.F.,
PH.D.
(Chicago) D.SC.
(OXON)
F.R.s. ED.)
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DATO SIR ALEXANDER OPPENHEIM
or a display of rabid nation alism or re volu tionary em otiona lism
so fashionable in this day and age.
On the con trary , he has climbed to the heights of political
leadership through an acute acumen which enables him to act
at the correct psychological moment and because he is a
political realist who possesses the gift of finding ground for
compromise between opposing factions when all other are
blinded by the enormity of the problems which face them.
His leadership of the UMNO Party immediately after his
becoming President proved h is calibre in this dire ctio n. At the
time he took over the organisation was facing an extremely
critical situation and alm ost the entire lead ership had resigned
en bloc. Morale was then at its lowest ebb and internal
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At the Imperial Palace, Tokyo
Photo: By courtesy of the Embassy of Japan. Kuala Lumpur
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
policy through which each international issue is considered on
its individual merits in the light of how it affects Malaya, her
friends and her neighbours. There is no blind anti-Com munist
front nor an avid pro-Western approach. Malaya is not
committed to pre-judge individual issues by a bloc stand.
She has condemned the Chinese in Tibet, the French in Algeria,
the Russians in Hungary, and the Americans in Lebanon.
The foreign policy is therefore Malaya orientated. The stability
of the Government has received recognition throughout the
world, created a favourable climate for investment and allowed
the population to reach the highest standard of living in
South East Asia. Such are the benefits which the country
has reached under the leadership of the Tunku.
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At the Tokyo Race Course,
Photo:B courtes o theEm bass o Ja an K uala Lum ur
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A TRIBUTE
(S. Rajaratnam)
In an age of revolutionary violence and leaders whose
bellies rumb le with ideological w rath Tu nku Ab dul Ra hm an,
Prime Minister of M alaya is the "o dd m an ou t" . He offers
no coheren t and complex ideology for his followers to an no tat e
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
For example, the Tunku is an anti-colonialist and like al
nationalist leaders in Asia and Africa he and his party wer
propelled into power and eminence on popular anti-colonia
sentiments. But after the attainment of independence, th
Tunku did not like lesser leaders seek to maintain his popularity
by continuing to exploit the well-worn anti-colonial slogan
whenever he felt that he had to rally the people around him
This is in contrast with some leaders who having made a mes
of things under conditions of independence; who having failed
to use the power and responsibility they had wrested
from the colonial rulers for the betterment of their people
return to beat the empty drums of anti-colonialism in an effor
to distract the people from their sorry lot.
The Tunku, like Nehru, realised that once the anti-colonial
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Malay racialism. T her e are m any second rate and third rate
Malay leaders in the Fed eration w ho having neither the strength
of charac ter or intellect to offer t he p eop le any thin g w orthw hile
are openly and recklessly pandering to Malay chauvanism.
These stupid and dangerou s demagogu es know that this open
pandering to rac ialism and religious p rejudices can only result
in violence and chaos but these third rate leaders are only
interested in short cuts to political power and loot.
An undeniable source of the Tunku's greatness is that he
has steadfastly refused to win p op ulari ty by p laying to racial
and religious prejudices. But for his determ ined and courag eous
M alayan sta nd, the Fe dera tion m ight well have seen the
communal tragedy that has visited and ravaged many other
countries in A sia. Tho ug h socialists may n ot see eye with the
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The Making of a Prime Ministe
(M .
SARAVANAMUTTU)
Cambridge and Penang Days
—
Independent Spirit of Kedah Roy
Family
—
The Ozair Incident
—
Kidnapping of Father
—
Disillusioned b
Japanese
—
Reaction to M cMichael Treaties
—
Leaves Home State
—
D.P.P. at Kuala Lumpur— President of UM NO
—
Prime Minister o
Malaya.
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The High Com missioner, Sir Donald M acGillivray { centre ), the Chief Minister,
Tunku Abdul R ahman {3rd from left), and the Min isters of M alay a.
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M. SARAVANAMUTTU
DanceHall nPena ng. It was the custom in those days for G ove rn-
ment officers in South Kedah to take advantage of the weekly Thurs-
day half-day and Frid ay holidays to run up to Penang and T hu rsda y
and Friday nights were usually spent at the Wembley Dance Hall
which was the only night club in those days. T he pro prie tor, the late
Mr Heah Joo Seang, kept an open table and most of us used to
gather at it.
As a result of these trysts, my acquaintance with Rahman ri
pened into a warm friendship, assisted no doubt by his earlier con
tact with my younger broth er. We had m any interesting talks and I
soon learned that the young Tunku was imbued with a very vibrant
independent spirit . In fact the ind epe nd en t cha racte r of th e Ked ah
Royal Ho use was already well kno w n in thos e days . It was said th at
the underlying reason for the first ab dic atio n of the late Sultan Abdu l
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Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra All-Haj delivering his inaugural address at the
openning of the Federal Parliament (1962)
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
wild in those days. He used to write letters to the
Straits Ec
under the pseudonym of "Tunku Putra" and his present assumptio
of "P u tr a " in his name was due to his brin g know n by tha t pet nam
when he was a boy. My first direct imp act with this independe
spirit was in connection with his nephew, the late Tunku Oza
a son of Tunku Ibrahim.
Tu nku Ibrah im 's sons were all high-spirited youn g men and the
father's independence was in them enhanced by the rebellious spir
of m ode rn youth. Th is involved them in frequent clashes wi
Europeans in Kedah, some of whom were unable to shed the "Tua
Besar" comp lex. As a result the Ked ah Eu rop ean s resented th
pra nk s of the Ibrahim boys w ho , they felt, were unnecessari
throw ing their weight abo ut. T he climax cam e when T un ku Oza
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M. SARAVANAMUTTU
Kedah once told Rahman that he was knocking his head against a
brick wall. Promptly came back the reply, "I will break it down
(meaning the brick wall) w ith my he ad ."
The Japanese invasion of Malaya followed soon after and poor
Ozair had a difficult time in Denmark cut off from the source of
funds in Malaya, but that invasion gave an opportunity to Tunku
Abdul Rahman to display again that same independent spirit as well
as a true appreciation of on e's prop er responsibility tha t m akes him
the ideal Prime M inister. T refer to his now famous "k id n ap p in g"
of his father, the late Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah of Kedah.
Even now one shudders when one remembers the speed with
which the invad er overran the co un try. Tn less than a week K eda h
had fallen; Penang was evacuated in eight days and three days later.
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
gether with his friend, Syed Abu Bakar Al-Idrus, waited fo
Sultan at K epa la Batas jun ctio n. Th e first car with the po
escort passed by and two minutes later came the yellow Ro
Royce of the Sultan. He stoppe d it, jum pe d into the car
forced the driver to take the tu rn to K ulim . It was o
when they reached Pe nan g tha t those following the Su
realised tha t they had arrived w ithou t the Ruler. After so
investigation, they found tha t R ah m an had his father w
him in Kulim.
The Regent, Tunku Badlishah, phoned Rahman up
asked him to bring the Sultan to Penang immediately or else
would order his arrest. Ra hm an replied tha t he could co
and take the Sul tan i f he l iked but i twouldbeonlyoverhisd
bod y. He was prepare d to fight it ou t. It was later tha t
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M. SARAVANAMUTTU
what they were - the m ilitary clique who too k their co untry in to war.
It was no t long before he got in to troub le with them for refusing to
mobilise a labo ur force to p lant co tto n at P ad ang Serai and wa s de-
moted in service. W hen I went to see him at his hou se by the river in
1944 I found a very disillusioned person, longing for the end of the
purgatory that we were all goin g thro ug h. H e was in the right frame
of mind to receive his nephews w ith open a rm s w hen they were dro p-
ped behind the lines in 1945 and to assist their guerilla activities in
every possible way. Fo rtuna tely the ato m bom bs on H iros him a and
Nagasaki led to the surrender of the Japanese without the necessity
of a battle for the reconquest of M alaya and the liberatio n in Septem-
ber 1945 saw the Tunku a happy man again.
Then came the notorious McM ichael Treaties . In my enthu-
siasm for an U nited M alaya I supp orted them and w rote an edito rial
saying tha t it was nonsen se to tre at th e old treati es with th e Sultans as
sacrosant. 1 received a curt no te from my old friend, "S ara , do n 't
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
occupation and Badlishah was Sultan. It was an open secret that t
two brothers did no t see eye to eye. Th ere is no need no w to go in
their differences as they made it up over their father's grave whe
Rahm an was Chief Minister. But here again Tun ku Ab dul Rah m
showed the stuff of which he is m ade. W hen he felt the re was
room for him in his hom e state, he went back to L ond on to com ple
his examinations and be called to the Bar some twenty five yea
after he enrolled as a student at Inner Tem ple. H e then retu rne
to M alaya to take up a job as Depu ty Public Prosecutor at Kua
Lumpur .
Destiny, however, was knocking at his door. When Dato' On
becoming impatient that the Malays would not keep pace with hi
and change the name United M alay Nation alist O rganisation
United MALAYAN Nationalist Organisation, resigned from th
body, the Malays naturally turned to Tu nku as their leader. Am o
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Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra AI-Haj
Some Personal Glimpses
(JAMES F. AUGUSTIN)
Although a statesman of international stature Tu nku
Abdul Ra hm an is at heart very much a hum an being. To m e,
throug h the years, he has always been the same likeable,
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JAMES F. AUGUSTIN
His M othe r, Che M enyelara, a graciou s lady in advan ce o
her age, sent him to
the
school, and as it was no t mee
that the Sultan 's son should walk, he was daily carried pick
aback by an at tend ant named Idris .
CAMBRIDGE
In 1924 I met
the
Tunku at Cambridge where he wa
an un de rgr ad ua te at St. C atha rine 's College. It was my first
visit to En gland an d I had w ritten to say tha t I wo uld like
to visit hi m .
On the app ointed day he met me at the railway -station
and in his two-seater car he took me round the University
town an d showed me th e Colleges and th e sights - the river
the "B ac ks ", "t h e Bridge of Sigh s", Clare College Bridge, th
Gre at Co urt and K ing's Ga teway of Trinity College, and
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
the example of Thailand which had several hundred students in
the United Kingdom
At the same time he took up the question of an increase
in a student's allowance with the British Adviser and told him
bluntly that the amount given was not sufficient for a student
to move even in third-class English circles.
KEDAH CIVIL SERVICE
W hen he return ed from England after his studies he joine d
the K ed ah Civil Service wh ere he soon earne d for himself the
soubriquet of "sto rm y petre l", because his views of what
con stituted correc t policy did not coinc ide w ith those of others
in h igher places. H is forthright ma nn er of speaking, to o, was
frowned upon.
M atter s cam e to a head w hen he was D istrict Officer at
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Japan ese would pass throu gh the District, he arranged for the
Sultan and his relatives to evacuate to a specially prepared
cam p at Kuala Sidim, som e miles outside Kulim town . His
last word s before I left to go south to the hills of G op eng
(where my brother-in-law, the late M r. C. A.. Rod rugue s,
was in charge of the hydro-electric pow er-station s belong ing to
Fre nc h T ek kah ) were bitter - "T hi s is wh at they call British
Pro tec t ion "
THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
To the Tu nk u, as to the rest of us, the Japanese Occupa-
tion broug ht much ha rd sh ip ; but the Tun ku never lost the
respect of the Japanese to whom he was not always persona
grata,
for he was transferred from Kulim at twelve hours
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JAMES F. AUGUSTIN
have convinced Lt. Tod a tha t I was a friend of the T un ku and
therefore a "g oo d" man.
B.M.A.
W hen the Japanese surrendered the M .P.A.J.A . attempted
to take over con trol. T he T un ku was wideaw ake to the
dangerous poten tialities of the situation and began to organise
opposition to such a takeove r. He spoke to me abo ut it, and it was
mainly due to his repre senta tions to For ce 136, then in N or th
Kedah, that the M .P.A .J.A. were restrained from m oving into
Alor Star and causing general anarchy.
Under the B.M.A. the Tun ku became Superintendent of
Ed ucation. I was H eadm aster of the Sultan Abd ul Ham id
College, and ow ing to his un der stan ding , my colleagues and
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India's first President received the Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, at Istana Tetamu, Kuala Lumpur.
Picture shows the President talking to the Prime Minister.
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
the breach. The Tunku subsequently received the Kedah Order
of Merit, the highest decoration the Sultan can confer. This
is the honour (K.O.M.) which comes first after the Tunku's
name.
FIELD OF SPORT
On the field of sport 1 remember the Tunku as a hard-
driving and stylish tennis-player. At hockey he kept gcal, and
on one occasion he was asked to settle a dispute between a
player and an umpire. Words on the field were followed by
acrimonious correspondence between the two and they appealed
to the Tunku who made them bury the hatchet.
Speaking of sport reminds me of the time when Selangor
came to play Kedah in an H.M .S. Malaya Cup Match at
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India W il l Always Remember
The Tunku's Friendly Mission
(V. N . NAIR)
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Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra and his wife, Puan SharifahRodziahwithPanditJawaharlalNehru nNewDelhi.
Photo:By courtesy information Servies of India,Kuala Lumpur.
ffpl 81111
I I
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
turn of events. There was an emergency in the co untry . And
the Tunku's first pronouncement on Indian soil was Malaya's all-
out support for India in its hour of crisis.
If the Tunku and party discovered India on their 11-day tour
of the country, India discovered a genuine friend in a few fleeting
minutes at the Calcutta airport.
It was a discovery that went right into the hearts of the peo-
ple.
The Malayan leader's informality, the tone of sincerity in his
statements, the spirit of crusade against communism he inspired,
won him 400 million friends and admirers.
It was a triumphant tour across India for the Tunku and party.
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V. N . NA1 R
me work and undertake the heavy responsibility of Prime Minister.
I am a M uslim. My Fa ith is G od ."
On other occasions, the Tunku's talks with newsmen was
largely about Malaysia, the tremendous tasks that await the new
Federation. Every time he spoke proudly about M alaya and
Malayans.
"O ur people live happ ily. My country is one of the richest
in the wo rld. Ou r people are better fed, better clothed than m ost
others in our part of the world...."
His statements on Communist machinations, based on practi-
cal expe rience, were treated w ith great respect. They opened the
eyes of many people to the seriousness of the threat they were con-
fronted with.
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With Queen Elizabeth
and
Commonwealth Prime Ministers
at
Windoor Castle. England
May 1960
Photo: By courtesy of British Information Services
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With the Tunku in London
(Frank Sullivan)
Mr. President, Fellow-guests and mem bers of Ro tary :-
I do not intend to go into details a bo ut the Conference of
Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London, because all of you
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FRANK SULLIVAN
unusu al; it is an accepted prac tice in mo st cou ntries , some of which,
particularly the Communists, are only too quick to insist on it.
The third im po rtant poin t is South Africa's policy of apartheid
The Government there has been carrying out this policy for twelve
years,
but in the nine months or so immediately before the Con-
ference apartheid was attracting general concern in many parts of
the world owing to the excessive rigour used in enforcing every
letter of the law. Th e Sou th African Go vernm ent obstinately re-
fused to listen to the protests, continuing to act with blind contempt
of the De claration of H um an Rig hts. Sooner or later the crescendo
of oppression seemed boun d to explode in to violence. Finally, it
did explode, at Sharpeville in m id-M arch . The shots fired there
rang arou nd the world ; the tragedy of Sharpeville was a bitter shock
to the conscience of free men.
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With Queen Elizabeth and Commonwealth Prime Ministers a t Buckingham Palace, London, M arch 1961.
Photo By courtesy of British information Services
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
It is interesting to note that the South Africans quickly chan
their dip lom atic tactics. Previously So uth Africa declined to at
any discussion on aparth eid an d ignored any attacks. A
Sharpeville, she began to answer back, attended the Security Cou
meeting, and also announced that she would be represented at
Prime Ministers ' Conference in London by her Minister of Exte
Affairs, M r. Lo uw . Th is settled one qu estion because m any
begun to doubt if South Africa would appear at all in face of
tide of hostile criticism.
South Africa, however, had a particular reason for wan
to be there. The Governm ent had an nounced its intention
hold ing a referendum on South Africa becom ing a Rep ublic.
most extreme elements wanted a complete break with the Comm
wealth, but the Government was more guarded and left it
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FRANK SULLIVAN
The public generally tends to simplify any important issue and
the Press is never slow in help ing it to do so. In the pu blic m ind,
therefore, the question of apartheid and the endurance of the
Com mo nwealth became linked, inextricably. As often h app ens
they hoped for the best b ut were prep ared for the wo rst. T hey w aited
for an answer to a question of their own making - if the Prime
M inisters do not discuss apa rtheid w hat is the value of such me etings?
It mu st be remem bered, to o, that the Conference in Lo nd on
was due to end just before the open ing of the mu ch-heralded
Summ it Talks in Paris. Th is left anoth er question ma rk hanging
in the air. If aparth eid exploded at the Lon don talks, wou ld it
affect Co mm onw ealth unity on major topics in P aris?
It was against the background of all these events and opinions
that the Prime M inisters converged on Lon do n. There was no
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Tunku was committed by his own wish, by his own opinion, and by
a natio na l m an da te, an d this was the crux of his difficulties - unlike
the other Prime Ministers he was committed to action.
However, the Tunku did not let the handicaps ahead daunt
him in any way. He knew some of the Prime M inisters already,
bu t othe rs he had no t met. As it was his first Co nference, he had
no previous personal experience to guide him . Fo r the people of
M alaya apartheid was the only issue, but the Tu nk u w as well aware
there were many other important subjects on which he would have
to be the leader and spokesman for Malaya.
He lost no time in ma king his inten tion clear. Tn the middle
of the bubbling welcome at London airport, he spoke to the Press.
That night or next m orn ing the whole world knew tha t the Tu nk u
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FRANK SULLIVAN
be no discussion o n apa rtheid by the Prime M inisters, but there might
be some soundings outside the Conference.
From this point on the Commonwealth Relations Office issued
a very short statem ent of proceedings each day , and a w hole team of
Press Officers w ere kep t busy for th ree or four h ou rs after sessions
ended briefing news men on the background either in person or on
telephon es. Th is was very necessary, otherwise apa rthe id would
detract from the many-sided work of the Conference throwing thl
record ou t of balance. Th e men from F leet Street ha un ted the
hotels where the Prime Ministers and their delegations were stayine
and gave full publicity to speeches and rallies made outside thg
Conference, for instance M r. Diefen baker's attack on raciae
discrim inatio n. Th e result of this Press activity was tha t by the
time the Conference ended it was the most widely publicised Pre-
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TRIBUTE TO TUSK ABDUL RAHM AN
together with Mr. Louw at the end of the morn ing a nd afterno
sessions.
Informal ta lks on apartheid actually began next m orning an
were resum ed in the afternoon. But jus t after lunc heo n that da
Wednesday, May 4, Mr.
Louw
gave
a Press conference at Sou
Africa House in Trafalgar Square. As it turned out his action
doing so was to have r e m a rk * results. The re were abou t 15
journalists there by invitation; all of them were w hite, n ot one w
an Asian or an African, ldid
not receive
an invitation but I attended
arrivin g a little late. There was some discuss ion as to whethe r
could go in . But I got my way: I did no t really see ho w the
could refuse.
1 shall never forget the experience. The atm osp here w as lik
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FRANK SULLIVAN
"not a person in the roo m who regarded (him) w ith
anything but fascinated, even astou nded dissapp roval.
Grudgingly one had t o m arvel at his single-mind ed tenacity.
Here we had a pure undisguised fan atic" . . . "T he only ques-
tion which left this remarkable performer flummoxed was a final
one from a wom an reporter. 'Can you po int to any other country
that supports ap art he id ?' 'Th at is not a fair qu estion ', he splutte-
red. 'I would be disclosing confidential info rm atio n' "
"As we left the building in Mr. Louw's wake we overheard Mr. Bate,
one of his publicity minions, whisper aloud and with some feeling,
'Thank God, that is over."
I mentioned earlier that when the Tunku came to London he
would be facing a task w ith considerab le han dic aps. You can see
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
As I entered the T un ku 's suite, he said "S it dow n, I wan t
to take a statem ent". The Tu nku then gave me w ha t was to b
first draft of his famous Press statem ent. W hile he was doin
Enche Ghazali came in. The Tunku pointed to the newsp
repo rts of the Conference. H e wen t on with his statem ent and
instructed m e to go away and type it. Th is I did , retu rnin g in a
twenty m inutes. The Tu nku read it throu gh very carefully, so
times aloud but sometimes to himself, making a number of co
t ions,
add itions , re-phrasings. H e then asked me to go and ty
second draft. This I did, returning in abo ut anothe r twenty min
to find the Tunku beginning his breakfast.
He asked me to read the statement aloud, while he wen
eating he considered it, talking abo ut it with Ench e Ghaza li. W
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FRANK SULLIVAN
Then he said, "W ell, in tha t case you had better come with me ".
I grabbed a songkok, put on my coat and joined the Tu nk u in his
car.
It was the eve of Princess Margaret's wedding and crowds of
sight-seers and cars were thro ng ing The M all. As we were driving
along, the Tunku read the statement over again, stopping occasion-
ally to thin k or to look out at the crow ds. The sentries saluted as
his car, with the Malayan flag flying, swept through the gate amid
waves of greeting and into the courtyard of the Palace, finally draw-
ing up at the doorw ay leading to the Qu een's A partm ents. The
Tu nku told me to wait there till he came dow n. 1 rang M alaya
House and asked for a typist and a telephonist to be standing by
du ring the lun ch ho ur, because it looked as if this might be necessary.
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gave a quick digest of the story, and followed up with the full text;
that m eant that soon all the world wou ld know . The Press Associa-
tion man also telephoned the full text; that meant that soon every
newspaper in the U nited Kin gdo m would know . Satisfied that the
Tu nk u's views were well und er w ay, I walked back to the R itz H otel.
That is how the Tunku's famous Press statement came to be
pub lished. T tell this story jus t to pu t the record stra igh t, because
there have been minor criticisms, a few, both in England and here,
hinting that the Tunku's action was impulsive, taken on the spur of
the mom ent. Y ou will see from what I have said that his action
was far from being impulsive; his decision was carefully considered
and his method prepared with equal care.
When the Tunku was preparing the statement this was the
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FRANK SULLIVAN
The British newspapers, however, amazed me with the amount
of inside information they published about this meeting, using such
terms as "Show-dow n". "C ris is" , "Ap artheid row " or "Flare
u p " .
Am azed me because I know none of their inform ation came
from the M alayan mission. The Conference lasted two hours and
was held in the Cab inet Ro om . "T he Daily Telegrap h" described
the meeting as the stormiest in the history of such Conferences.
Read ing these reports the public learned th at M r. Diefenbaker
objected to M r. Lou w's remarks because his cou ntry 's views on
apa rthe id were crystal clear. They were also informed th at several
Prime M inisters objected to M r. L ouw 's remark t ha t some had
supported him. And that afternoon Gha na announced th at it had
rescinded its invitation to Mr. Louw .
After this eventful day, the Conference resumed its normal
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
was no comm itment on what members of the Com monw ealth would
say if South Africa decided to become a Republic and asked to be
a member again. M r. Louw was not going home with a blank
cheque.
The Press conference given that afternoon by Lord Home was
the final scene ringing down the curtain on the Commonwealth
Prim e M iniste r's Conferenc e. W hen he had finished his general
review of the communique, Lord Home said he wanted to make it
quite clear that apartheid was discussed by all the Prime Ministers.
Newsmen asked, "W hat did the Prime M inisters say ?" Lord
Hom e replied, "I am no t at liberty to tell you wha t each Prime
Minister said, but I suggest you should ask the Prime Ministers
themselves. I do not do ub t for one m om ent that they will tell yo u"
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FRANK SULLIVAN
Our Prime Minister faced a task of tremendous difficulty when he
went to Lo nd on. He said he was going to get aparth eid discussed
and he did, both formally and informally. He was the spokesman
for the conscience of mankind.
The Tu nk u is know n to be a man of m od eration , respected
for his tolerance, geniality and good humour, a man dedicated
to a philosophy of happiness. In Lon don he showed the world
what we in Malaya have always show n, tha t where fundam ental
principles are concerned such as the struggle for freedom or the
assertion of human rights, he is also a man of force and deter-
min ation. He went to Lon don bearing the faith, hope and trust of
the people of M alaya ; he came back from Lo ndo n returnin g
these - with ho nou r.
When I think of the personality and character of Tunku
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W i t h the Tunku in Europe
(Frank Sullivan)
Mr. President, Your Excellencies, Fellow Guests and members
of Rotary:
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FRANK SULLIVAN
with hardly a free moment to spare. The result is that you become
subjected to a vivid series of quick impressions which are apt to
become confused at the time and in retrospect. There is so much
to do, so much to take in, that sometimes you have to stand still
and think hard to remember what day of the week it is.
The Prime M inister and his party arrived in Hamburg to begin a
14-day programme in Germany, Belgium and Holland at an historic
time.
It was the day of the long-awaited, and as it turned out, ill-
fated Summit Talks in Paris. Immediately the Tunku was plunged
into an endless round of formal calls or official discussions; recep-
tions,
luncheons, banquets and parades with dozens of speeches;
tours of factories, projects, cities, ports, scientific and cultural insti-
tutions, or tourist attractions; and all these interspersed with perso-
nal,
Press or Radio interviews and the telephones always ringing.
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H E. the Malayan Prime Minister and the Federal Chancellor Dr. Konrad Adenauer.
Photo: by courtesy of the German Embassy Kuala Lumpur
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can make is that official tours, springing from real friendship and
goodwill, generate their own impetus, and are impelled by a kind of
paradox of voluntary compulsion, because both sides wish to give
their best.
The Tu nk u himself was quite remarkab le. Although he was
the constant focus of attention wherever he went, his energy and in-
terest never flagged. On occasions of dignity and formal ho no ur, he
was the epitom e of bo th . O n all occasions, formal or inform al, he
showed the human touch, his geniali ty and good humour came bub-
bling thro ug h. I m ight say, to give you an example of the crowded
programme, the Tunku turned to the Protocol Officer on his last eve-
ning in Ho lland an d asked, "W ha t does the D utch Gu ilder look
l i ke?" H e wanted to go shopp ing, he wanted to spend some mo ney
an d all 1 can say is he m ana ged to d o it.
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his welcoming speech at dinne r in M alay. H e ha d worked in
Malaya for three years at the turn of the century, and for many
years in Indo nesia. Th e Tu nku was surprised and delighted. The
third was the Tun ku 's own rem ark following a 2-hour tour by boat of
the great harb our of H am burg . He said he looked forward to the
day when the Malayan flag would be flying on ships coming to the
por t of H am bu rg. This pleased the far-sighted and city-proud H am -
burgers very much indeed.
But it was the city of H am bu rg itself which left a deep impre ssion
on the M alayan par ty. N o less tha n 380.000 buildings were totally
destroyed or badly damaged during the war, yet there was hardly a
sign of this ob literation today . A whole brand -new city, a bustling,
driving, energetic city is there now , reborn from the ashes and hu m i-
liation of wa r. Fo r all of us the miracle of H am bu rg was a dram atic
introduction to the fabulous economic regeneration of Germany of
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H.E the Malayan Prime Minister signing the Golden Book of Berlin. Look ing
on is the
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tiful replica of the Freedom Bell, Herr Brandt told him this bell rang
out daily to remind Berlin and the world of the meaning of freedom,
bu t more im po rtan t than that to remin d them of their responsibility
under freedom.
Accepting the gift, the Tunku capped this occasion with a per-
sonal touch of quick-thinking repartee. He thanked H err Brandt
for the "Pe ace B ell". In a loud stage whisper Enche G hazali said,
"I t's the Freedom Bell, Sir". Like a flash the Tu nk u replied, "It 's
the same thin g. You can 't have peace w itho ut freedom, and you
can't have freedom without peace
1
' . Th e great room filled with ap -
plause, laug hter an d smiles. And if any on e can think of a briefer or
better way of expressing the whole philosophy of the free world, I
for one would be proud and glad to hear it.
The Tunku made extensive tours of both the West and East
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The flags and bann ers were out in th e deserted K arl M arx Platz, bu t
there were very few an yw here else ; the pr op ag an da pos ters of Soviet
and East German leaders were out too, but not very many of them.
Half-hearted, grim, dour, it was a city of the Might-Have-Been, a
city with a kiss of death. The only inspiring and beautiful scene in
all this vast disa pp oin tm ent was the m ass cemetery in h on ou r of
5,000
Russian war dead
Tt was a relief to return to West Berlin, and coming back the
shock of co ntra st was even m ore striking. I saw four children
playing ball on the footpath, and suddenly I realised what I had
missed. In the who le of East Berlin I recalled only three children,
two watching bears at the entrance to the Zoo, and one boy playing
alone in the rubble. Th at solitary boy seemed to me now a symbol
of a city without hop e.
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people wh o flee daily across the bor de r are genuine politica l refugees.
They keep a watch too for agents who may be planted by the Com-
m un ists, and also for crim inals w ith major reco rds. It is not suffi-
cient merely to be dissatisfied with con dition s in East Ge rm any ; you
have to prove to the satisfaction of the Commission that you are
genuinely suffering from political oppression contrary to your basic
beliefs. And it is no use trying to hood wink the Co mm ission, as the
members have been through it all, and know the answers, and their
interrogation does not take place until each case has been invest-
gated.
Seated next to the Tunku was one of the best interpreters in
Germany, who whispered in his ear every question and answer as
the hum an dram a of interrog ation w ent on. But it was hardly
necessary to know G er m an ; the crisis was w ritten on the faces
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a m an they did no t kno w . H e brou ght them to East B erlin,
hab oure d them in his house . H is wife gave the farmer's wife her
ide ntity car d, wh ich is essential to get ratio ns in East Berlin. Early
next morning they locked the farmer in the boot of the taxi; she sat
in front pretending to be the taxi driver's wife, pretending to be ill
and on her way urgently to a special ho spita l in W est Berlin. They
had tense moments at the border check while the police examined
their pap ers; they let them throu gh. The taxi driver drove the
farmer and his wife to Marienfelde camp, took the identity card
back and returned to East Berlin.
There they sat now being interrogated, the farmer and his
wife. H e was calm, confident, occasionally showing cold ang er;
she was anxious, worried whether the husband was putting a good
enoug h case, wh ether they would be allowed to stay. Once or
twice she tried to inte rru pt, as if to say, "B ut dear, yo u've for-
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right to live as free men and women in freedom, almost trying to
justify their right to live at all. I put it to yo u. H ow m any people
here, how many people in Malaya, how many people anywhere in
the free world would like suddenly to be called upon to prove their
right to live in a democracy, prove it or lose everything.
T said it was an u nforgettable experience; it was m ore tha n
that, it was a sha tterin g experience. In the free world are we not
inclined to take our freedom too much for granted; are we not
inclined to think too much of benefits, and too little of responsibility?
Th at is the great lesson of W est Be rlin; ther e freedom and security
are living realities, because the re day in a day ou t they are next do or
to Communist reality, where there is no freedom and no security.
For anyone who believes truly and deeply in domocracy, there is no
doubt at all that the future of Berlin is the future of the free world;
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in their conversation after the speeches that the German Protocol
officers were manifestly worried because the dinner was lasting half
an hour longer than expected, and there were hundreds of important
guests w aiting outside for th e official State Re ceptio n. It was a
most enjoyable evening in that famed hotel overlooking the winding
Rhine, and ending past mid-night.
T should like to m ention finally that the Germ an Go vernmen t
has almost completed a colour film of our Prime Minister's visit,
and it is expected tha t this will be shown in M alay a in the near
future.
After the long distances and expanse of West Germany, it
was a great contrast to spend three and a half days in small and
com pa ct Belgium. Th e Belgians set themselves out to show the
Tunku as much as possible in that short time of their industry,
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im po rtant initiatives" taken by the Tu nku . Th e first was M alaya's
proposal in the United Nations to set up a Charter of Investments,
and the second was his prop osal for closer co-o pera tion, econom ical-
ly and otherwise, between the States of Sou th-East Asia. H e also
paid tribute to the Tunku's statemanship in the international field.
I must me ntion one aspect of Belgian life, and that is the food.
Except for breakfast all our meals were eaten in different places,
and each restaurant or repast seemed to be even more splendid and
varied than the one before. I have often heard Belgians say w ith
quiet certitude that they have the best restau rants in Eu rope. They
must feel very sure of themselves, seeing they are next to France.
But [ can say now I am m ore than prepared to take their word for it.
We were particularly interested in the roads in Belgium, and in
the fact that they had managed to construct great highways - they
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While we were in Brussels, the Press reported that Malaya had
refused permission for two Dutch aircraft to land here on their way
to West Irian . Th at was the day before we left Brussels by air for
Amsterdam, and naturally we expected that the Press would be
asking questions of the Prime M inister when he arrived. Of course,
they did, but I will say m ore on this later.
The Tunku's tour of the Netherlands was most admirably
arranged, and from the very first moment it was clear he was most
welcome. In fact, the Tu nk u told the Press at the airp ort, "I have
only met your Prime Minister,
Prof.
Le Qu ai, for a few m om ents,
but I am sure we are going to get along very well together", and
tha t remark an ticipated subsequent events. N ot only was the
Tu nk u received with full hon ou rs at Schipol airp ort , but he also
received a full-dress welcome in the Press , as nearly every D utch
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thriving land, wh ich has the densest po pu lation in the wo rld, so
much so that cities and towns and countryside all merge into one
another, and seemingly without a single square yard not being put
to some productive use.
He spent a most interested and interesting morning at the
Hydraulic Research Laboratory in Delft, which is a special kind
of headquarters for designing and solving all Holland's battles
with its eternal enemy, the sea. A no ther afternoon was devoted
to touring the gigantic Shell Refinery in Rotterdam, the largest
in Europe, and a third in visiting the equally vast radio and electro-
nic works of Phillips.
I regret with a sigh, a very personal one, to report that the
intensely practical Dutch, wishing to show the all round development
of their industrial economy, could not fit in a spare moment or two
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yo u read the papers any m ore ? The Malayan Prime Minister is
Bob by." So that evening when the Tun ku was with the Ind ian
Ambassador he telephoned Jonkvrouw Van der Wyck, and there was
a happy reunion. "A re you married no w ?" she asked. The
Tunk u laughed and said "O h, T am a grandfather no w ." "W ha t
happened to W ally?" "O h, he is a Burgom aster n ow ". "An d
R h y n ? "
"O h, he died last year, I am sorry but you have missed
him. He was our M inister in Venezu ela." And so they talked for
half an ho ur. W hen the Tunk u returned to his hotel the telephone
rang, with Burgomaster Wally on the phone to invite him to tea
next day. The Tu nk u prom ptly accepted and arranged for the
visit to be add ed to his crowd ed schedule. So next day they m et.
That is the story of how the Tunku found his old friends after forty
years.
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;
Courtesy, Malayan Times
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the Champs Elysee to lay a ceremonial wreath on the tomb of the
Unknowm Warrior at the Arc de Triomphe, the Tunku paid an
official call on President de Gaulle at the Elysee Palace, and then to a
mo st genial lunch with the Prime M inister, M . Deb re, at the H otel
Matignon, with no less than eight members of the Cabinet present,
and later the two Prime Ministers talked privately for an hour.
If there is any need to establish the esteem in which the Tunku
and Malaya are held in France, then it is most evident in his recep-
tio n by Preside nt de G aulle. Th e Press learned from the Elysee
Palace, in fact they were officially inform ed, t ha t it was "a n unu sua -
lly long c onv ersa tion." The Tu nku and the President conferred for
more than an hour and a half with only an interpreter present.
Officials in the Elysee Palace made no attempt to hide their surprise
and delight abo ut what was obviously som ething un iqu e in their
official experienc e. I learne d tha t usua lly the Preside nt receives
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World Window
We love
the
Tunku.
Cornelio . T. Villareal.
(Philippines)
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acco m m odative. It is a result of political clima te born out
of sound leadership.
Ath iNahappan .
(Malaya) *
I have the greatest confidence in the Tunku and Malaya is
fortu nate to ha ve such a great statesman — Sir Jo hn Barlow
(England)
* # *
The Tun ku is a Prince with the com mo n touch. He is the
one man wh o believes in jus tice for all. I have learned a
good deal from the T un ku and have tried to em ulate his gift
of tact and patience. He is very dear to me.
Lee Kuan Yew
(Singapore)
WORLD WINDOW
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Whether in Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin or even a small
tow n like Stu ttgart, the people who did n ot know M alaya,
would, when the na m e of the Tun ku was m ention ed say, Ah ,
which m eans, " O h yes, now I get it. Ja, Ja, Ja ."
Malik bin Ab. Rahman
(Malaya)
The Tun ku saw the danger and the opp ortunity and
swiftly planned Pesta. H e sum m one d all the riches of the p ast
and showed us M alayans ou r cultural glory. H e hoped we
would feel prou d to be M alayan s. M any of us cam e and wen t,
ma rvelling at the strangeness, fascinated by the colo ur. Cu rious
some of us thought but a little archaical offerings from the
shadowy past replaced by, wh at the Chine se call "electrical
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the conference from the morass of sterile argument into which
it has got stuck.
Peter Koinange
(Kenya)
* *
For Malaya's far-seeing Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul
Rahman, I have nothing but the highest regard.
Lord Lansdowne
(England)
* *
The Tunku was the only world leader who condemned
the Chinese aggression outright and offered every possible
assistance. Malaya raised the Tibet question in the United
Nations and the Tunku wanted India's support, I am sorry
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if there was not such a liberal m an in po w er? This qu estion,
I think, perhaps summarises my impression of this statesman
who had led his cou ntry from prosp erity to even greater
prosperity.
P. Sithi - Amnuai
(India)
* *
Th e Tu nk u is a man of great knowledge and great under-
standin g. W e hav e benefitted mu ch from his wisdom .
Senator Mansfield
(U. S. A.)
* * *
If there is any abso lutely ha rd-h ead ed, level-headed m an
in South-East Asia, i t is Tun ku A bdul Ra hm an.
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'SMILE AND THE WORLD
SMILES WITH YOU'
(Paul Markandan)
O ne of the qualities of a na tion al leader lies in his ability to
m ai nt ain a cheerful outlo ok in tim es of stress and str ain. In fact,
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covered his U .S . tou r in 1960 for radio and T V and in D etroit, A kron ,
and New York, I watched him disarm men and women, ranging
from indus trial tycoo ns to W all Street giants with th at dazzling
smile, and informal approach.
Tn the 'Wa ldorf-Astoria
1
, New Y ork , where he stayed for a bo ut
five days, the hotel staff who came in conta ct w ith him, were
impressed by his genuine sincerity and interest - and the 'W al do rf
has in its time seen many a Statesman, King and Ruler.
At the many luncheons and dinners, he washed away whatever
misgivings the hard-boiled U .S. entrepren eur h ad, a bou t investing in
M alaya and replaced it w ith a feeling of confidence and interest.
His boundless energy - resulting in doing more than he should,
did not go by un-noticed. For, if there is anything an American
likes - it is the recognition of effort and dedication to duty. His
willingness to und erstand the other man 's po ints of view; his
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The Prime Minister of Australia, the Rt. Hon. R.C. Menzies gave a dinner at Hotel Merlin. Kuala
Lumpur, on Friday night (December 11, 1959) in honour of the Federation Prime Minister, Tunku
Abdul Rahm an Putra, and his wife P uan Sharifah Rodziah. After the two Prime Min isters had
made their speeches, Dame Pattje Menzies stood up to thank the women of Malay a for their
hospitality and the warmth of their welcome, and proposed the singing of "Auld Lang Syne", which
brought th e dinner to a happy close. The guests at the main table with hands linked, singing "Auld
Lang Syne".
Dept. of Information Photo
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possible, if not completely, the legacies and presence of the colonial
powers. This has often manifested itself in the nationalisation of
commercial organisations, owned by 'Expatriates', and generally,
discrimination against such. Again diplomacy has won in Malaya.
The Tunku and his government recognising the need for western
technology and finance, has placed it above any misguided sense of
nationalism. The true patriot looks to the welfare ofhis people and
welcomes tho se who can help in his task - be they former colonials
or not - patriotism, therefore, tempered with diplomacy, provides
the fertile soil for progressive th ou gh t. Th e smile, of course
brightens the picture.
Yes - indeed Tun ku, you have a powerful weapon in your
han ds, con tinue to use it and use it wisely. This natio n that is M alaya
with its close neigh bou rs form ing M alaysia, has achieved what has
seemed to be th e imp ossible, both in the field of politics and
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A Day
In the Life of the Prime Minister
(Malik bin Abdul Rahman)
To almost every Malayan and many more outside the coun-
try, the Tunku is hailed as a great man,—the man who set the
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Sir Garfield Barw-ck. (ri gh t, Au stralian Minister for External A ffairs is seen in here
discussing with the Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, on general matters
concerning relation between Malaya and Australia, in Kuala Lumpur.
Photo: courtesy, Malayan Times
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For example, What does he do hour by hour? Does he
have time to read the newspapers? What is his hobby? And
probably most important of all, Does he enjoy being a Prime
Minister?
To be precise, I have found out that it is not as simple as
it appears to be. The Prime Minister cannot just ignore his
duties or shut the door of his room and relax. Neither can he
ask someone else to do his work for him . The country wants
his attention and though we ordinary citizens can put off some-
thing until tom orrow, this would not be possible with the Prime
Minister. He has to attend to matters of state no matter whe-
ther he has the mood for doing it or not. In short, it means the
world around him never stops.
Thus the Tunku is not enjoying life, as some people think,
MALIK BIN ABDUL RAHMAN
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many of them, some containing massive criticisms arrayed
against him which demand all his resources to manoeuvre. He
once related to me that this was a bit too much for him at
the beginning, but gradually he got used to it. There is no
denying about his courage. The Tunku has proved tha t he has
got all what it takes to be a great Prime Minister. This early
morning routine normally lasts until 6.30 or 7.00 a.m., and from
now he would either go for a game of golf or do a little
gardening to keep himself fit and enjoy the fresh air.
The following hour is spent for a bath, dressing up, break-
fast and glancing at the newspapers. Then, after rattling off a
long shopping list of personal needs, he is soon off,—on his
way to office.
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ordinary about him. He can laugh and smile all the time, as
though he has no worries at all. He puts one at ease with his
ready wit and humour. He likes nothing more than to see
others happy and smiling.
In the office until midday, the Tunku attends to corres-
pondence, calls and to visitors and foreign dignitaries. On
some occasions he is never in the office at all, due to heavy
pressure of work outside.
This great leader, who has had no experience of politics
before he became President of the United Malay National
Organisation about ten years ago, would then return home for
his midday meal.
Some of the readers may now think that he has finally
MALIK BIN ABDUL RAHMAN
Equally difficult it is to define the Tunku at work and play.
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The Tunku would at times be playing golf from 5.00 p.m.
until 7.00 p.m. but even during this period he would discuss all
matters arising, with a few of his Ministers at the golf club or
on the course, partly playing and partly working, to be more
exact.
To give a true picture of what he does from 8.00 p.m. to
midnight, is rather difficult. This is only perhaps possible by
taking a good look into his diary. But I can safely say this
much. He would lock himself in one of his rooms and attend
to the files until he is too sleepy to carry on.
There are numerous other incidents which I have not men-
tioned here. For instance, how he feels when he has to go
round and shake hands with hundreds of people, or after at-
. : - •
HI
•
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£<••
The Tunku with India's President Dr
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The Tunku—
Leader with the
Gandhian Touch
(S. Durai Raja Singam)
S. DURAIRAJASINGAM
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Both the Mahatma and the Tunku are barristers of Inner
Temple. The former was the son of a Prime Minister, the
latter the son of a Ruler. Both have the regal and legal touch
about them.
Children surrounded Gandhiji. Love for children is a
passion with the Tunku as well.
Have you noticed the broad Tunku smile, above a load of
garlands? Often it reminds you of the Gandhian smile, except
that in the last years of Gandhiji, it was a toothless smile.
Yet, the smile of both these great men has the same quality
— that of instilling regard and affection in the minds of people.
Mahatma G andhi's wit and humour are well known. The
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The Tunku and party visited Mahatma Gandhi's Samadhi at R ajgha t where the Tunku placed a wreath and
paid homage to the Father" of Indian Independence. The Rajghat a rea was decorated to welcome the Tunku who,
with Da to Sambanthan , walked barefooted to the Samadhi and bowed low before the Gandhi Memorial. With the
officials in attendance, the Tunku talked of Mahatma Gaudhi's life and mission.
Photo: Courtesy, Information Services of India, Kuala Lumpur.
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
When Gandhiji sought independence for India, it was a
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struggle that inspired and aided the freedom movement in other
Asian countries. The Tunku's achievement of Merdeka for
Malaya is already leading to the freedom of four other terri-
tories which merge with this country in Malaysia.
The Mahatma was often quoted as saying that his desire
was to retire to the Himalayas. And the Tunku often says
he would love to retire to Pulau Langkawi.
It would be absurd, ofcourse—the Tunku would be the
first to call it so—to pretend that the Tunku will have a name
in history the equal of that of Gandhiji.
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BAPA MALAYSIA
(Tunku Ahmad bin Tuuku Mohamed)
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj is popularly known as
Bapa Malaysia. Like all leaders, Tunku Abdul Rahman has his
own streak of dogged determination and indomitable spirit,
though as a child he was not physically strong. Such charac-
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Leaving Harada Airport Tokyo,
Photo: By cou rtesy of the Embassy of Japan, Kuala Lumpur
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
ever accuse him of being hau ghty or arro ga nt. H is cou rteou s-
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ness and generosity has done more to win friends and influence
people than he could have ever hoped by po un din g a table and
expecting people to follow because of fear or intimidation
He has few verbal histrionics and his speeches, which some-
how hold crowds in rapt attention, are of the persuasive almost
pleadin g variety. H e can be firm b ut prefers the velvet glove.
He h as few m ann erism s. W hen talking he uses his han ds expres-
sively, palms together to express unity and agreement, a great
deal of waving to denote emphasis without raising his voice, a
slow no dd ing of his head for agreem ent. N o t a great one for
pomp and ceremony, the Tunku is much happier just being him-
self.
Th at a certain am ou nt of protoc ol does go with being a
Prime Minister is unquestioned but he shuns it whenever he
can. To day , the T un ku has wo n respect not only from the
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Tunku-The Sportsman
(Alex Soars)
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goodwill is founded the Tunku never misses an opportunity for fur-
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thering the interests of and encou raging sport.
Born at A lor Star on 8th Feb rua ry, 1903, the scion of one of the
wealthiest families in Kedah he gave early indications of his leanings
tow ard s the playing fields. Th e K ed ah palaces had high walls but
these did not prevent the young princeling from playing, outside the
confines of the palace , w ith the children of com m on ers. Like m ost
youngsters of his age the young prince was full of harmless pranks
and
mischief.
H e spun his tops , flew his kites, kicked, hit or threw a
ball about in the Malayan sunshine.
When he grew older he won a pre-University scholarship and
went to England to study the A rts. Find ing life at Cam bridge too
restrictive for his blithe spirits the Tu nk u switched over to Law . H e
gradu ated from the Inne r Temple in 1949. Of his academ ic career
ALEX SOARS
the A sian F oo tball Con federation and was offered a top app ointm ent
in the International Football Federation which the Tunku declined.
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Sports bodies in Malaya clamoured for this unique personality
with the 'golden touc h' . Asian Bad m inton Associations m ade him
their first President. They had formed the Asian Bad m inton C on-
federation on Thursday 30th July, 1959 at 10.30 am at the Tunku
A bd ul Ra hm an H all, K uala Lum pu r. Representatives from 13
nations attended the inaugural meeting.
One can go on and on showing the Tunku fostering and encou-
ragin g sp ort. H is pa tron ag e was eagerly sough t and given to
widely divergent sports like weightlifting to motor racing.
Golf was given a boost when the Tunku inaugurated the Asian
G olf C ha m pio nsh ips three years ag o. It is believed that the idea of
Malaysia was born on the Selangor Club golf links.
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
There was another occasion during the days when the Emer-
gency was at its highest. A Legislative Council meeting was re-
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cessed for two hours and the Tunku unerringly found his way to the
nearest football match which was being played at the Tamilian
Physical Culture Stadium. Officials taken by surprise rushed
ALEX SOARS
around for chairs for the Tunku and his party but he quickly put
them at ease, "I will not be here long", said he and promptly sat
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down on the wooden planking. Needless to say his party also did
the same. An elephant never forgets and the same thing can be
said about the Tunku when it comes to remembering his friends.
At the opening of the Football Association Malaya House the
Tunku remarked that he missed one of his friends, a founder
member of the F.A.M.— it was obvious who he was referring to.
Tunku Nomina ted
Asia's 'Man of Year'
The Malayan Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman,
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Tunku Abdul Rahman arriving to open "PESTA" 1957
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A Princely Patron of the Arts
(By Haji Abdul Mubin Sheppard P.P.T., C.M.G., M.B.E., E.D
By hearing the music of a Prince we know the characte
of h is Virtue .
More than two thousand years ago a great philosopher
made this observation and his pronouncement is still accepted
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
It is against this supremely unfavourable background,
covering more than fifty years of neglect and a decade of
terrorism that we should view what follows and, bearing these
obstacles in mind, assess the magnitude of the achievement.
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Early in 1956, six months after he had been elected
Malaya's first Chief Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman
conceived the idea of organising a "Festival of Cultu re" in
Kuala Lum pur, in which the old Malay dances, dramas,
ceremonies, games and passtimes could be revived, and presented
side by side with those of Chinese and Indian origin.
He entrusted Enche Y a'acob bin Abdul Latif and the
staff of the Information Service with the task of discovering
the veterans of an earlier generation of actors and actresses,
dancers, musicians, puppeteers and the like and coaxing them
back to the foot lights.
Although burdened with a multitude of other problems,
The former Ministe
Education and now Min
for Health, Dr. A
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Rahman bin Haji Talib b
awarded the degree of Do
of Laws by the Chancello
the University 01 Mal
Tunku Abdul Rahman.
{Photo: Courtesy, Mala
Times)
Prime M inister, Tunku Abdul R ahm an, being installed Chancellor of
University of M alay a in Kuala Lumpur on June 16, 1962. Picture shows
being installed at a ceremony at Stadium Negara, Kuala Lumpur.
HAJI ABDUL MUBIN SHEPPARD
bu t even m ore in the ever wid ening ripple of Pes ta's reviving
influence all over M alay a, which can still be recognised in 1962.
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A year la ter, am on g a host of subjects which dem and ed
a decision by the C hief M iniste r before the pro clam atio n of
Indep ende nce, two in par ticu lar called for impeccab le goo d
taste and a knowledge of the Fine Arts.
A N atio na l An them and Orders of Chivalry are the hall
marks of an independen t nat ion , but som eone m ust select the
mu sic of the anthem and design and appro ve the ribbo ns and
decorations.
Tun ku Ab dul Ra hm an gave orders for a com petition to
be held, open to composers from any part of the Common-
wea lth, and m ore th an 200. tunes were entered . Th e final
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
duced, and the result is a Sash of impressive dignity and re-
fined splendour. A handsome shade of royal blue is the
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principal colour in the riband of all grades of the second
Order, with narrow stripes of yellow, red and white introduced
along the edges and down the centre. The Collar, Star and
Badge of both the D.M.N. and the Order of Pangkuan Negara
are talented examples of craftsmanship, but they owe much to
the artistic genius and originality of Tunku Abdul Rahm an,
who was personally responsible for the final designs of both
ribbons and decorations, after receiving suggestions from a
Committee of Honours and Awards.
A few days before the first investiture of Malayan
Orders and Decorations, which coincided with the first anni-
versary of Independence, Tunku Abdul Rahman made another
notable contribution to the cultural life of Malaya when he
HAJI ABDUL MUBIN SHEPPARD
The A rt Gallery houses the prod ucts of only one of the
Arts,
but in the "H all of the M us es" - (the Mu seum ) - all the
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A rts can expect to find a place, an d so it had been, u nti l a
misdirected stick of Allied bom bs destroyed the K uala Lu m pu r
M useum in M arch 1945. In th e next fourteen years the Mu ses
remained homeless and patronless but in 1959 Tu nk u Ab dul
Ra hm an directed tha t plans should be prep ared for a new
N ation al M useu m . Later the same year he decided that the
building should be of M alay design and he entrusted the work
to a M alayan architect wh o was also a talented artist. Tu nk u
Ab dul R ah m an has since taken a close interest in every phase
of the plann ing and decoration of the M useum an d in the pre-
paration of its displays.
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An Autobiographical Fragm ent
W h e n I was a Boy at School
(and satay cost one cent a stick)
(by Tunku Abdul Rahman)
(In a speech to the Penang Free School.)
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
dictation lesson; the wonderful sound of it when it rang to announce
the respite for fifteen minutes or the break for lunch and finally the
welcoming last toll which told you that your worry for the day
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was over.
I wonder if you still have that bell.
It is a wonderful bell to which the teachers and the boys
alike pay the highest respect. Y ou r school ho urs have also changed
and so have the methods of teaching.
Gone are the old ice-carts with familiar faces of the men
behind them . G on e is the face of the old M am ak who used to
prepare the best mee I have ever tasted at the price of five cents a
plate with eggs thrown in and with his constant notes of warning
when disturbed "Nanti , Nanti" used to add to our pangs of hunger;
gone is the rice and fish curry stall that used to serve our hunger for
the p rice of 10 ce nt s; gon e is the
satay
th at used to sell 1 cent a stick.
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
More notice was taken of the boys who could kick the ball the
farthest or who could use their fists the quickest and the hardest.
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As I said earlier the boys in the schools were older than they
are tod ay. I myself join ed the Pen ang Free School in w hat was
then the second stan dar d at the age of thirtee n. To day the boys
of that age would be knocking at the door of Form Four or even
Form Five .
The boys in the upper classes in a few cases used to be as old as
the teacher himself. Neve rtheless th e word of the teacher was
to them a command.
There were Prefects who used to sneak in on the boys when
they smoked cigarettes in the latrines, and Prefects are Prefects
and the boys used to respect them in spite of the fact that they were
deprived of the joys of the cigarette.
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
movem ent. He is now in hap py retiremen t pro ud in the kno w-
ledge that he had done a good job in the cause of education.
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Those were the great days, the good old days though I used to
dread the lessons and the sternness and strictness by which they
were applied.
I live today to remember with gratitude the good that they
have done to me.
I believe however when any of the old boys of the school give
lectures they m ust h ave said t he same th ing as T say now — those
days were the good old days—and I am almost certain that those of
you who are on the benches today will return here one day when
you have become famous to tell the boys of the future that your
school days were too the great days.
Let me assure you that while there is this feeling from among
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A Study in Biography
(Frank Sullivan)
Tu nku Abd ul Rah m an Putra, Prime M inister of the Federa-
tion of M alaya, was born at Alor Star, the capital of the State of
K edah , on 8th Feb ruary, 1902. H e was the seventh child of
the reigning Sultan, Sultan Ab dul Ha m id Halim Shah, who was
then 39 years of age. H e died in 1943 at the age of 79 after hav ing
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
noo n. La ter he went to the Go vernm ent English School at Alo r
Star - now kno wn as the Sultan A bdu l H am id School.
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When he was eight he was sent to Bangkok with his brother,
T unku
Yusof,
who was a captain in the Siamese Arm y. On the
death of his bro the r a year later, he returned to K ed ah . At twelve
he became a pup il of the Pen ang Free School an d in 1919, when he
was 16, he was awarded a K eda h State Scholarship which took
him to England to prep are for the university entran ce exam ination
Eventually he entered St. C ath erin e's College, C am bridg e,
where he ob tained his B.A. in De cem ber, 1925. H e was the
first K ed ah Prince to gain a degree in any British Un iversity.
After ob tain ing his degree, he return ed to M alaya, bu t his
elder b rother, Tu nku Ibrah im , who was then Regent of K eda h
FRANK SULLIVAN
In 1940, Tun ku Ab dul Ra hm an had become D eputy Direc tor
of Civil Defence for So uth K ed ah. In Decem ber 1941 as th e
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Japanese advanced into Ke dah he was warned by his bro ther-in
law, Syed Om ar Sh aha bud in, who was State Fin anc ial Officer
at that t ime , that the Brit ish were prepa ring to evacuate and
plann ing to take the Sultan with them to Penang , and thence abro ad .
Accom panied by a Hea lth Inspector the Tu nk u intercepted
the convoy in which his father was travelling and succeeded in
diverting the Su ltan's car to Ku lim, because he believed th at his
father's rightful place was with his people in a time of na tion al
emergency.
Tu nku Abd ul R ah m an's actions as District Officer in Kulim
displeased the Japanese, and he was transferred to Alor Star where
they could more easily keep an eye on him . W hen Japa n ceded
TRITUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Th e second was the declaration of the state of Em ergency in the
co un try on Ju ne 16 of the same year following the ou tbre ak of
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Communist terrorism.
Tu nku Abdu l Ra hm an returned to M alaya early in 1949,
and imm ediately accepted the cha irm ansh ip of the K edah Branch
of the United Malays Na tional Organisation (U.M .N.O.) which
had been prim arily responsible for the pressure of public opinio n
which resulted in the form ation of the F ede ration of M alaya.
H e was not able to retain this post for long, as he was trans -
ferred to K uala Lu m pur as a De puty Pu blic Prosecu tor in the
Federal Legal D ep artm en t, and as such could take no pa rt in
politics. Tw o years later , how ever, he resigned from the G ov ern -
ment service to become President of U M N O in succession to
Da to O nn bin Ja'afar. In 1952 he was appoin ted to bo th the
FRANK SULLIVAN
liaison co m m ittees between the local bran ches of the M .C.A. an d
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U .M .N .O . through out the Federation. Shortly afterwards, the
Alliance evolved a com m on policy in regard to the hold ing of a
general election in the Fe dera tion.
Tun ku Ab dul Ra hm an presided at the general assembly
of U M N O in M alacca in April 1953, when the draft election
plan was adopted by U M N O delegates amid shouts of "M erd ek a"
(Freedo m ) and a una nim ous resolution was passed calling for
speedy Fe deral e lections . Sh ortly before the Federal Elections
the M alayan Indian Congress joine d forces with the U M N O and
MC A.
Th e first Federal Elec tions in July 1955 swept Tu nk u Ab dul
Ra hm an and the A lliance int o office. Th e A lliance gained 51 out
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Lond on to negotiate with the British Go vernm ent for
self-
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government and independence for M alaya.
Th e M ission in Jan ua ry, 1956 was com pletely successful.
It obtained for the elected Go vernm ent of M alaya contro l of
internal defence and security, finance and the "M alay an isatio n" .
of the pub lic service. It was also agreed tha t a C on stitutio nal
Com mission should be set up to recommend a new Co nstitution
for the coun try and that independence should come by 31st Aug ust,
1957.
On his return to Malaya Tunku Abdul Rahman assumed
the office of M inis ter for In terna l Defence an d Security in
add ition to the offices of Chief M inister and M inister for H om e
Affairs.
FRANK SULLIVAN
he had ma de to give than ks for Ma laya 's peaceful attain m ent of
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independence, Tu nku Abdu l Ra hm an made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
His official style and formal title now became Tunku Abdul
R ahm an Pu tra Al-Haj. (A Haji indicates a man w ho has mad e
the pilgrimage).
In Sep tember he paid an official visit to the Ma lay State
of Brunei in Bo rneo, and in Jan uary 1959 he was a State Guest
of the Re pub lic of the Ph ilippin es. It was dur ing this visit
to M anila tha t the Tun ku first suggested, and President Garc ia
heartily endo rsed, the idea of forming an association for close
econom ic and c ultural coo pera tion between the countries of
Sou th-East Asia. Th is was the genesis of AS A.
Tow ards the end of 1958 the Fed eration of M alaya was host
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
to contest 104 seats in the Lower Hou se of the new Par liam ent.
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the Alliance won 74 seats. Tunku Abdul Rahman became
Prime M inister of M alaya for the second time . Th e new Parlia-
ment of two Ho uses was formally opened by His M ajesty the
Yang di-Pertuan Agong in September.
In O ctobe r 1959 Tu nk u Abdul Ra hm an mad e an official
goodwill visit to the Co mm onw ealth of Au stralia, and in Decem-
ber of the same year this visit was returne d by the Prime M inister
of Australia, the Rt. Hon. R.G. Menzies.
In Jan uary 1960 Tu nku Abdul Rahm an went on a goodwill
visit to New Zealand for two weeks. A return visit was paid by
the Prim e M inister of New Ze aland, M r. W alter Na sh, to the
Federation of M alaya in June. In the following m on th,
FRANK SULLIVAN
had already been hon oure d w ith the same degree by the Unive rsity
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of M alaya, the Un iversity of Sydney and the A ran eta University
in the Philippines. La ter he was to receive the same ho no urs of
D oc tor of Laws from the Un iversity of Saigon in 1961 and from
Aligarh Muslim University, India in 1962.
Tu nk u Abdul R ahm an returned to M alaya at the end of
Ju ne to receive a he ro's welcome for having carried out the na-
tional m andate to condemn apartheid.
In July, as Prim e M inister, he took the lead in the na tiona l
celebra tions which ma rked a declaration of the ending of the
12-year old state of Emergency and military victory over Com-
munist terrorism.
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
The year 1961 was packed with constructive efforts made
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by Tunku Abdul Rahman. Immediately fol lowing the State
Visit to the Federation of Malaya made by President Garcia
of the Philippines in February, the Tunku and the Foreign
Ministers of the Philippines and Thailand issued a historic
statement in Kuala Lumpur stating their formal joint agreement
to go ahead with the establishment of the Association of South-
East Asia.
In M arch the Tun ku went to London once again, attending
the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference which finally
resulted in the decision of Sou th Africa, in the face of concerted
opinion, to withdraw from the Commonwealth. I t can be
fairly stated that the stand taken by the Tunku and Malaya on
the question of apartheid was an important factor in bringing
FRANK SULLIVAN
With the future of Malaysia in mind Tunku Abdul Rahman
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visited Lo ndo n in Novem ber for talks with the British Gov ern-
ment which resulted in agreement to go ahead with the Malaysia
concept and to appoint a Special Commission to enquire into
public opinion in North Borneo and Sarawak.
While the Tunku was away in London the Yang di-
Pertuan Agong and his Consort made official State Visits to
India and Pakistan, a memorable journey in international good-
will.
The year 1962 saw T un ku A bdul R ah m an being as active
as ever both at hom e and abr oad. In February , his birthday
month, the Tunku celebrated his tenth year of leadership of
UMNO and was also honoured by being named as the first
Ch ancellor of the newly-formed University of M alaya .
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TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
a year of great challenge, a year of test and na tion al dete rm ina-
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tion. Nevertheless, he declared that nothing would prevent the
formation of Malaysia or the development of ASA, because
M alaya firmly believed th at bo th M alaysia and ASA were essen-
tial to the future peace, prosperity and happiness of our region.
Tunku Abdul Rahman is a man of remarkable energy and is
known and loved thro ugh out the F ede ration for his geniality, gcod
hu m our, political sagacity and his personal talent for getting
along with people of every age and class.
He rises early to say his pray ers, and then reads th e news-
papers before coming down for breakfast between 8 and 9 o'clock.
H e spends one ho ur working on correspo nden ce in his office in
the official residence of the Prime Minister familiarly known as the
FRANK SULLIVAN
the first Presiden t (and still is) of the Asian Fo otb all Co nfe dera tion ,
wh ich was formed five years ago . F ou r years ago he was elected
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Presiden t of the newly initiated Asian Ba dm inton Con federation.
A great believer in the value of spo rt, in build ing either the
character of people as individu als or the na tion as a whole, he
spends so m uch tim e in fostering spo rt th at he shou ld have little
to spare for exercise. In spite of thi s, he endeavours not to let a
day pass with ou t some form of physical exercise. H e is also
extremely fond of racing and is considered a very good jud ge of a
horse. He attend s race m eetings in various parts of M alaya as
often as his official du ties will allow him to do so. He has led on
his own winners on several occassions.
Tun ku Ab dul Rah ma n is also extremely interested in out-
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The Malayan Prime Minister in
West
Berlin
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Kin gdom and a mo ther of two children, the favourites of their
grand-father, the Prime Minister, and a son, Tunku Nerang, who is
a Ca ptain in the Federation Regim ent, and is married with two
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children. Th e Prim e Min ister's first wife died shortly after h is
son's birth.
Tu nk u Abdul Rah m an has been m arried to his present wife,
Pua n Sharifah R od zia h, dau gh ter of a well-known family from
Alor S tar, for the past 23 years. A mo st attrac tive and charm ing
wom an , she has been a grea t influence in his life. They have had n o
children, but they have adopted two orphans, a Chinese girl named
M eriam , now aged 8 1/2, and a Malay boy named Suleiman, now
aged 7 years.
The Prim e M inister and his wife have also ano ther adopted
son, Syed Abdu llah bin Om ar, a 24-year old cam eram an in the
FRANK SULLIVAN
It is a personal tribu te to the "F ath er of the N at io n " that in
ordinary conversation if anyone mentions "the Tunku" there is
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no do ub t at all a bo ut whom he is speaking. The same is true oe
new spapers. Th e headlines in p apers or bill posters simply usf
"T u n k u ". Even if half a dozen Tu nku s are speaking together and
they happ en to refer to "th e T u nk u" it does not mean anyo ne
presen t; it can only mean one person and the one person only, the
Prime M inister of the Federation of Malaya.
Tu nk u Abd ul Rah m an is dedicated to the service of M alaya
and her people, and in doing so he always expresses an unshaken
belief i n parliam entary dem ocracy, the value of the C om m onw ealth
and the world importance of the United N ation s.
A man of faith, he is imbu ed with deep tru st in Go d in H is
mercy and ju stice and unw avering confidence in th e fundam ental
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P R O U D R E C O R D
Tunku Abdul Rahman
A Chronology
of His Life
S. DURAI RAJA SINGAM
1916 - Became a pupil of the Penang Free School in the second
standard at the age of 13.
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1919 - Aw arded a K eda h State Scho larship which too k him to
England to prepare for the University entrance examination.
1922 - Student at St. Catherine's College, Cambridge University
on a Ked ah scho larship. (Octobe r 1922 to Decem ber,
1925).
1924 - G rad ua ted , Bachelor of A rts, Ca m bridg e University—the
first Kedah Prince to gain a degree in any British University.
1927 - Founder and first Secretary of the Malay Society of Great
Britain. Kesatuan Melayu Un ited Kingdo m (K.M .U.K .)
Tengku Abd ul Rah m an, la ter Tuanku Abdul Rah m an, the
first Ya ng di - Pe rtua n Ag ong was its first P residen t.
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
the M alay Rulers and States of all bu t nom inal autho rity
and too k a leading pa rt in the forma tion of the U nited
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Malays Na tional Organisation (U M N O ), when the
M alayan Un ion gave way to the Fed eration.
1947 - Went to En gland to contin ue his law studies.
1948 - Th e shoo ting wa r against com m unist terrorists (The
Emergency) started.
1949 - Called to the Bar (Inner Tem ple) Lo ndo n at the age of
46.
Re turne d to Ke dah and was seconded to Fed eral Lega
De partmen t as a Depu ty Public Prosecutor. Became
Chairman of the UM NO , in Kedah.
1951 - Took over the leadership o fth e U nited M alay N ation a-
list O rgan isation (President of U M N O ). Resigned from
S. DU RA RAJA STNGAM
Emergency Operations Council which decided on policy
in fighting the M alayan Co m m unist Party.
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1957 - Achieved M erdeka (Indep end ence ). The ti tle of BAPA K
KEMERDEKAAN (Father of independence) was bes towed
on him by the people. After Indepen dence on 31stl
August 1957 became Prime Minister and Minister for
External Affairs and continued to be C h ai rm an ,E m er -
gency Op eratio ns C ounc il. The University of M alaya
conferred the Honorary degree of Doctor of Laws
(September).
In Septem ber, M alaya was adm itted as a mem ber of the
United Nations .
1958 - M ade a pilgrimage to M ecca. Also m ade go od w i'
visits to Vietnam and Th ailand. In Janu ary of this year
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
then that the Au stralian Go vernm ent regarded M alaya
as th e m ost stable a nd reliable friend in this region of
the world. H e returned ho m e with a promise from the
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Au stralian Go vern m ent of aid in establishing a faculty
of medicine in Ku ala Lum pur.
The Sydney University conferred a similar award (No vem ber)
1960 - Jan uary , found the Tu nk u in New Zeala nd. He
spoke there of the co m m on heritage linking the M alay
and Maori people, and returned with a $1 million grant
for a civil serv ants ' tra ini ng cen tre. In Oc tob er left o n a
mission of peace to C an ad a and Am erica. A few
m inute s before his dep arture , he disclosed that his
main purp ose in visiting the U .S. was connected with
the W est Irian dispute. On his way hom e, he stopped
S. DURAI RAJA SINGAM
Became also Minister for Information and Broadcasting
(June). Th e Un iversity of Saigon conferred the H on ora ry
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degree of D oc tor of Laws (Octo ber). Headed mission to
Lon don to discuss and agree in principle proposed formation
of Federation of Malaysia (November).
Saw the formation of the A.S.A. (Association of South East
Asia) com prising M alaya, Th ailand and the Philippines - the
fruition of an idea pro po un ded by the Tu nku in 1959. Th e
Association aims at greater economic and cultural co-
operation between member states.
1962 - Op ened the Second M eeting of the A.S. A. Foreign M inisters
which included the Vice-President and concurrently
Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philip pines, M r. Em m an-
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
rated the "Save Democracy Fund" in a nation wide broad-
cast pledging M alaya's support for In dia. On N ovem ber 17th.
left for the Borneo territorie s on a goodw ill to ur and
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for talks on Malaysia with the leaders and peoples of these
territories.
ORD ERS AN D DECO RATIONS OF THE PRIME MINISTER
T UNKU
ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA
LOCAL:
Kedah
Kelantan
K .O.M . (Kedah Order of M erit)
May 1958.
D .K. (Darjah Kerabat Yang Am at
di-H orm ati (Al-Yunusi) - The
M ost Esteemed Roy al Fam ily
Order of K elan tan ) -M ar ch 1960.
S. DURAI RAJA SINGAM
Publications
:
Publication:
Mahsuri
(imaginary play of Malaya:
performed on stage in N orth M alaya throu gho ut 1941;
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filmed in M alaya, 1958). Relevant pu blic atio ns: The
Architect of Merdeka
by A bd ul Aziz bin Ishak, W an
Kin Ch eong , Ian Kah Jee (1957)
Prince and Premier
(Biography) by H arry Miller (H arr ap ) 1959.
Recreations: golf, football, racing, tennis, walking, swim-
ming, mo tor-boating, photography (both
cine and still), collector of ancie nt w eapo ns,
particularly the Malay kris. President, Fo ot-
ball Association of Malaya, President of Asi-
an Football Confederation; President of
Asian Badminton Confederation; President
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SELECTIONS
of G od, these difficulties w ill be overcome and that tod ay 's events,
down the avenues of history will be our inspiration and our guide.
*
H=
* *
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We desire to build a coun try of which we can be justly and truly
pro ud , a cou ntry in which we can live and share ou r happiness in
bro ther ho od , a coun try to which we can all be truly loyal, in short,
a new nation of M alaysia, ade m ocra cy of man y races and creeds living
in peace and harm on y which a dem ocracy space can be an
example to the world.
* £ • *
W e do no t go by any 'isms or ideologies. W e are nationalists
and we will do whatever is good in the interests of the people. F or
this reason , I refuse to label ou r econom y as socialist or cap italist.
* • • •
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
M alaysia will be formed on the desire of the people themselves.
N ob od y will be draw n, forced o r coerced into it.
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I have com e as a m an of peace. In the sho rt tim e tha t I have
been Prime M iniste r, I h ave travelled extensively - first to get to
know the va rious p eoples of Asia, and second to spread my
mission of peace and goodw ill.
We want a nation where there will be freedom, equality,
peace , justic e and prosp erity for all. N o one single race mu st
try to dom inate the others. The less fortunate of them are to
be given help , and th is is the reason for the reservations for
the indigenous races of Malaya and Malaysia.
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OUR CONTRIBUTORS
G ER A L D HA W K IN S, O.B.E.- Entered the Malayan Civil
Service in 1920 and served in Penang, Selangor, Pahang, Negri
Sembilan, Joh ore, Singapore and Perak. Part Au thor of
Malaya
and of M alayan Pioneers, has broadc ast a nd is now retired in M alaya.
FR AN CIS COO RA Y.- Had the unique dis tinction of being a
veteran among journalists of two countries - Ceylon and Malaya.
In Ceylon where he was trained under the famous Fergusons who
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
M A LI K bin Abd ul Rahm an. On the staff of the
Malayan
Times, Kuala Lumpur .
M . SA R A V A N A MU TTU w as Ed itor , Straits Echo, Penang
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(1931-1947); Ceylon Commissioner in Malaya (1950-57); Ceylon
M inister to Indone sia (1954-57); Is now retired and living in
Penang.
J .S.H, C U N Y N G H A M - BR OW N O.B.E. - Ret ired member
of the Malayan Civil Service, living in Penang; was last President of
the M unicipal Councillors, George Tow n. Ho bbies, boating , hill-
climbing, history, dram a and paintin g. Also travels a good deal in
Euro pe and Asia. H ono rary Consular Agent for France and Pre-
sident of L'Alliance Francaise Pe nan g; Ch airm an of M alayan Asso-
ciation of Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies and serves on various
other committees, local and otherwise.
OUR CONTRIBUTORS
SABAPA THIPILLAI D UR A I RAJA SINGAM .- Born in
Port Weld and educated in Kuala Lum pur. Joined the M alayan
Educational Service in 1925 and has served in Pahang and Selangor.
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No w retired. Au thor of Gandhiji, the Ever-Smiling Mahatma;
Homage to Ananda Coomaraswamy ; Malayan Place Names;
Malayan Tit Bits; Insignia Malayana; Munshi Abdullah to Anak
Singapura; India and Malaya Through the Ages: A Malayan
Heritage;
and othe r M alayan a. Lives in Ku ala Lum pur where
he continues to write various articles of Malayan interest and
broadcasts over Radio Malaya.
A LE X SO AR S.- Sports writer of considerable experience in
India and Malaya.
HAJI ABD UL M UB IN SH EPP AR D. P .P .T , C .M.G., M.BE
Obtained an Ho nou rs Degree in History at Cam bridge Un i-
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
T U N K U A HM A D bin Tunku Moham med. A free lance
writer living in Ku ala Lu m pu r.
V.N . N A IR . Delhi correspondent of the Free Press Journal,
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Bombay; also
Malayan Times
correspondent in India.
DA TO SIR AL EXA ND ER OP PEN HE IM. P .M.N. , O .B .E ,
M .A, P.H .D . (Chicago) D.Sc (OX ON ) F.R .S.E d; Vice-Chancellor,
University of Malaya.
S. R A JA R A TN A M . Minister for Culture, Singapore. A
mem ber of the Peoples Action P arty and was assosciate editor
of the
Singapore Standard
(1945) and later on the editorial staff of
the
Straits Times.
Elected in M ay 1959 to the Sing apo re Le-
gislative Assembly and was app ointed M inister for Cu lture.
PICTURE CAPTIONS
1. Yang Teramat M ulia Tunku Abdul Rahm an Putra, Al-Haj ,
K.O.M., C.H. , B.A. , BAR-AT-LAW, HON.LL.D. (Malaya, Araneta, Sydney,
Cantab., Saigon, Aligarh)
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(Frontispiece)
2. Tun ku Abdu l Ra hm an, leaving Adm iralty House Lon don, after
lunch and talks with Britain's Prem ier, M r. M acm illan. Acc om -
panying the Malayan Premier are Tun Abdul Razak (right) Deputy
Prime Minister and Defence Minister and Finance Minister Mr. Tan
Siew S in.
Photo: Courtesy,
U.K. Information Services, Kuala Lumpur.
TRIBUTE TO TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
7. Tunku Abdul Rahman receiving the Honorary Degree of
Doctor of Laws, Cambridge University, England.
Photo:
Courtesy, U.K. Information Services.
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8. An historic picture taken outside Admiralty House, London,
following the signing of an agreement on the formation of the
Federation of Malaysia. From left to right are the Malayan Prime
Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Britain's Premier, Mr. Harold
Macmillan, Britain's Commonwealth and Colonial Secretary of
State, Mr. Duncan Sandys' and Singapore's Prime Minister, Mr. Lee
Kuan Yew.
Photo:
Courtesy, U.K. Information Services, Kuala Lumpur,
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