1960s a period
TRANSCRIPT
The Sixties
or…
THE 60’S
Consumer Culture
Ad Fads 1950s 60s
Scientific Flowery○ Dry/ clear cut/ conformity be yourself
Product push above the system Individuality
Hip/ unconformity Detachment
Esp. TV Ideal world
TV 1950s1960s
Created popular media○ 95% (15% color)○ Politics
JFK news conference 1961Presidential debates
○ Daytime programs1st lunar landing 1969
○ Talk showsBlack/white Color
○ Tensions CBS and RCAControversy
○ Censorship○ Ministers oppose
Credit Cards
1950sNot common
1960sFrank X. McNamaraVery popular
○ 20,000 growing○ Condensed
Controversial○ “Devils’ playthings”
Delayed consequencesoverspending
Fashion Skirts/Dresses
Form fitting○ Suit stile coat w/button accents
Knee highSmall waist
HairBob cut
ShoesRounder
○ Offset pencil skirts
Men Fashion
DivertedSuit and Tie Turtle necks
○ Sweaters, Blazers, VestsNylon, rayon, and blends Colored patterns
Nehru (Indian inspired)Beatles, The Monkeys, Dr. Devil
Form fitting Buttons
Advances In Technology
Everyday Technology Televisions
More widely used and bought by many through out America○ 87% of households have TV, up from 9% in 1950○ Used for advertising different products from companies and broadcasting
important events to the American public
Astroturf Co-invented by James M. Faria and Robert T. Wright Used as artificial turf Originally sold under the name "Chemgrass"
Ansafone Used as an Automatic Telephone Answering Machine Invented by Kazuo Hashimoto
Automatic teller machine First ATM invented by Don Wetzel from Texas
○ Chemical Bank Ad’s slogan: "On Sept. 2, our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again!"
Revolutionized the way Americans dealt money and turned global commerce into a 24/7 affair
Electronics Start of the Calculator Revolution
• Complicated motor-assisted mechanical adding machines.
• Used complex gear systems• It could perform Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,
Division and one model could even calculated Square Root
The First Computer• Various computers and companies were invented and
founded○ Hewlett-Packard, Sharp, IBM, Nokia, Sony, AMD,
Intel, etc.First Computer Mouse invented
IBM and Seven Dwarfs IBM
• 1965 ○ Held 65.3% of computer Industry○ Burroughs, Sperry Rand (formerly Remington
Rand), Control Data, Honeywell, GE, RCA, and NCR.• NOT partners
○ $10 bill world wide inventory• Dwarfs produced 30%
• GE “King of the Dwarfs”○ 3.7% share in 1965
• $24 bill inventory by 1969
Medic!! Heart Pacemaker
• Developed by Medtronic• Used on patients who have irregular heartbeats• Developed isotope powered pacemakers
Soft contact lenses• More comfortable and tolerable• Made of hydrogel and allows oxygen to flow freely
through eye
Many vaccines produced• Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Polio, etc.
Science The Laser
• Invented by Theodore Maiman • uses a synthetic ruby to build first true laser• Mainly used in optical drives in computers and fiber-optic
communication
TIROS-1 • The first weather satellite to successfully be launched into
space• First of a series of Television Infrared Observation Satellites
○ Took pictures and video while it drifted in space• Was 19 inches (0.48 m) tall and 42 inches (1.1 m) in diameter.
Echo 1• Used to redirect transcontinental and intercontinental
telephone, radio, and television signals between ground based receivers.
Space Exploration Mariner II
• The first interplanetary probe to reach Venus • Became the first spacecraft to return useful scientific
information successfully from another planet
Telstar• The first satellite to broadcast television signals
Space Race• Race between the soviets and the Americans to prove
who’s technology was more advanced by getting a man onto the moon
Other Technological Advances
Aluminum Cans used for the first time Legos Platform shoes come into fashion The Pill
• Enovid 10- the first birth control pill • Went on sale for 50 cents a day.
Silicone Breast Implants Used for the first time in Houston, Texas
The Slinky “Instant Insanity”
• Precursor to the Rubix Cube 8-Track
Entertainment
Theatre and Film Broadway
Expensive but popular Musicals Edward Albee: Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf
Movies Musicals hit the big screen
○ My Fair Lady (1964) ○ Sound of Music (1965)
Disney for children Science Fiction
○ 2001: A Space Odyssey (1967) Stanley Kubrik James Bond and The Graduate
○ MPAA rating changed○ Sex in film: more explicit and not as taboo○ Portrayal of women
Political Cinema○ Dr. Strangelove
Television/Radio TV
The Flintstones, Andy Griffith, Ed Sullivan Show, Star Trek, The Twilight Zone
Used for advertisementNews and current events
Radio Main form of music accessAM to FM shift
Sports Two Olympic games held
Summer games (1960)Muhammad Ali: boxing
○ Became a national icon○ “The most recognizable face”
Wilma Rudolph: track and field○ Racial tensions
NBA popular Baseball
Jackie Robinson○ First African American in the
Major League (1962)
Golf became a favoriteLeisure “sport”
Literature Commented on social issues of
the decadeHarper Lee’s To Kill a
Mockingbird (1960)Feminine Mystique by Betty
Friedan Silent Spring Rachel Carson
Environmental movementPesticides/“Silent Spring” (no song birds)
Where the Wild Things Are (1963)ControversialOff-beat story suggested drug use
Music Elvis
- Post-war career
- Last performance 1961
End of “Rock n’ Roll”A new age: Rock
British Invasion: February 9, 1964
The British Invasion The Beatles
- Ed Sullivan Show 2/09/64 Beatles- Beatlemania- First #1 hit in America- Were considered comforting
The Buzz Merseybeat Bands
- The Rolling Stones- The Who- The Animals
1967-1969 Led Zeppelin Cream
Immediate Influence- Electric music- Original material- Disobedient/reckless image
American Music Surf Music
- The Beach Boys Motown
- The Temptations- The Supremes
Folk Pete Seeger Peter, Paul, and Mary Simon and Garfunkel Sound of Silence (1966)
Bob Dylan Protest Songs Questions the government Calls for change
British Influence continues to thrive
A Culmination of the Times Drugs, sex, and rock n’ roll
The hippie movement American youth Public disobedience A soundtrack for the peace and anti-war movements Forever linked drugs with rock/music
Woodstock Summed up the 60’s Huge names present
○ The Who○ Jimi Hendrix
Beatlemania More than a band The legacy of Lennon/McCartney Acknowledged as the greatest songwriting duo ever
The Hippies
Foundations Result of a German youth movement, der
Wandervogel (migratory bird)Countercultural reaction to the social and cultural
clubs Inspired by the works of for example Goethe or
Hermann HesseAttracted thousand of young Germans, who began to
live the back-to nature spiritual liveThis movement expanded to other countries like the
United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico and Brazil
Began in the United States during the mid 1960sSexual revolution, cannabis, LSD, Marijuana,
amphetaminesWoodstock festival: major hippy eventFashion & values major effect on culture, music,
television, film, literature, and arts
The Youth Movement
Trends Jeans Long hair, even men Sandals Barefoot Men often had beards Often brightly colored
clothing bell-bottom pants Vests Tie-dyed Dashikis Peasant blouses
Long, full skirts Accessories: Native American
jewelry, head scarves, headbands, long beaded necklaces
Most of their cloths were self-made or they got it from flea markets & second-hand shops
The Hippie’s values
Peace love and community Wanted to free themselves from societal
restrictions, chose their own way.
Civil Rights
Jim Crow laws
Enacted between 1876 and 1965 System of laws and customs that enforced
racial segregation and discrimination throughout the United states
Examples: segregation of public schools, public transportation, restrooms, restaurants and also the U.S. military for whites & blacks
Blacks almost isolated from whites
Black Panther Party
To promote Black Power and self-defense Active in the United states from the mid-1960s
into the 1970s One of the most significant social, political and
cultural movements in the U.S.
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks
*February 4, 1913 (in Tuskegee, Alabama)- †October 24, 2005 (in Detroit, Michigan)
African American civil rights activist Completed a course in ”Race Relations” in
Tennessee most famous action – Rosa refuses to make
space for a white person on the bus (Montgomery Bus Boycott)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Whites in the front rows & blacks in the back
Another black person would enter the bus, he was required to stand
Another white person would enter the bus, a person in the black row would have to get up and stand
Martin Luther King *January 15, 1929 (in Atlanta, Georgia)- † April 4, 1968(in
Memphis, Tennessee) Important person in the African-American civil rights movement 1964 King became youngest person to receive a Nobel Peace
Price After visiting Germany his father changed the name to Martin
Luther King Involved in the March on Washington
“I have a dream”○ August 28, 1963○ Washington D.C., in front of the Lincoln Memorial during the march of Washington○ 250.000 people present○ Talks about the problems of segregation
April 4, 1968 King gets shot in front of his room (room 306, Lorraine Motel) in Memphis, Tennessee Assassination led to a nationwide wave of riots James Earl Ray confessed to the assassination
○ 99-year prison term
Women roles in the 1960s
General Situation in the 1960s In 1960s most of the minority groups fight for equal
rights Equal rights in
• Housing• Employment• Money• Right to vote
Women• Majority• Gender discrimination• World change, but no change for women – want to act
Life for women in the 1960s
Role• More important in public
• Opinion, influence
• Second-class citizens
• Fashion o expression of strength and character
Sex discrimination• Career Women rebellion and disruptive
• No equality in payment, insurance, laws and treatment
• President's Commission on the Status of Women
Try to equalize and avoid discrimination• Equal Pay Act of 1963
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
Education and Job opportunities
The women in the 1950sMothers, housewivesVolunteers (churches, schools, charities…etc.)Rarely doctors, lawyers, politicians…etc.
New educational opportunitiesFamous Universities
o Women friendly New Career opportunities
Economic growth – service sectorPolitics – White house; SenateMilitary – nurse; no combatScience and Research – Nobel Prize; tests for NASALiterature – poetry, short stories…etc.Entertainment – Musical, Music
Marriage and Family
Married womenRich – choice
o Managing homeNormal standard -
work and home balanceSignificance in public life - change
o 1950s more definedo Father helps out
Single motherhoodRare but prevalentHard organization
New advantages for women Birth control
• Approved 1960 by U.S. Food and Drug administration Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Old habits; Supreme Court Case
American Law Institute published a Model Penal Code 1962• Recommends legalization of abortion
• Two Cases First National Conference on Abortion Laws in Chicago
Women's Liberation Movement
OrganizationsNational Organization for Women (NOW)The Chicago Women's Liberation Groupo Use of Liberationo Many memberso Active in politics
Women Rights MovementProtests – Media AttentionNewsletter – “Voice of…” – Chicago
Start of a way to be equal –
or the Beginning of the Women Rights Movement
The Twist
The Twist Let's Twist Again